i 


E\)t  StutientjS'  Series  of  Hatin  Classics 


PETRONIUS 


CENA     TRIMALCHIONIS 


EDITED,  WITH  IXTRODUCTIOX  AND  COMMENTARY 

BY 

WILLIAM   E.   WATERS,   Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR  IN   NEW   YORK  UNIVERSITY 


ov  TToW  aWa  ttoXv 

•  ••,••».        •  •  r 

•  ••••    ».      •,*, 

•    •    ••••    •       ••••     ♦.,•*•••    •• 

•  • .• :  •. ;  •;  :/.•. 


BEXJ.   H.   SAXBORX   &   CO. 
CHICAGO  NEW  YORK  BOSTON 

1917 


COPTEIQHT,   1902, 

By  WILLIAM  E.   WATERS. 


Norhjooti  53regs 

J.  8.  Cushing  &  Co.  —  Berwick  &  Smith 

Norwood  Mass.  U.S.A. 


PREFACE 

This  edition  of  the  dinner  scene  at  Trimalchio's  house, 
an  episode  in  the  Satirae  of  Petronius,  is  based  upon  the 
text  as  established  by  Biicheler.  I  have  occasionally 
departed  from  his  readings,  but  only,  as  a  rule,  where  he 
himself  was  in  doubt,  and  other  conjectural  readings 
could  be  made  with  equal  or  greater  plausibility.  In  the 
preparation  of  my  commentary  I  have  been  under  special 
obligation  not  only  to  Friedlander's  edition  of  the  Cena 
Trinialchionis,  and  the  reviews  of  the  same,  particularly 
in  the  Berliner  Philologische  Woclienschrift  and  the  Classi- 
cal Eevieiv,  but  also  to  the  valuable  contributions  on 
the  language  of  Petronius  in  the  Archiv  fUr  Lateinische 
Lexicographie,  to  Heraeus  for  his  comparisons  with  the 
Corpus  Glossariorum,  and  to  Otto  for  the  comparative 
study  of  numerous  redensarten  peculiar  to  Petronius.  I 
am  also  indebted  to  professors  in  the  Latin  departments 
of  Columbia  University  for  very  valuable  suggestions  and 
assistance  in  the  preparation  of  the  commentary,  as  well 
as  in  the  reading  of  a  considerable  portion  of  the  proof. 

I  must  express  my  special  obligation  to  Professor  Peck 

iii 


449839 


iv  PREFACE 

for  his  helpful  criticisms,  and  to  Professor  Lodge  for  the 
kindness  he  has  shown  in  permitting  me  the  full  and 
free  use  of  his  large  library  at  all  times. 

The  Cena  Trimalchionis  is  fairly  entitled  to  a  place  of 
prominence  in  the  study  of  Eoman  life  and  literature. 
It  reveals  an  important  side  of  life  in  the  early  years  of 
our  era,  in  all  its  naturalness  and  with  perfect  truthful- 
ness, and  is  to  that  extent  of  the  same  value  as  the  plays 
of  Plautus  or  the  Letters  of  Cicero.  The  name  of  Petro- 
nius  has  been  anathema  to  a  large  number  of  Latin 
scholars,  but  in  the  Cena  his  piiritas  is  no  longer  impu- 
rissima,  and  what  he  discloses  there  concerning  the  lan- 
guage, life,  and  customs  of  a  very  influential  portion  of 
Italian  society  in  the  closing  years  of  the  Republic  and 
at  the  dawn  of  the  Empire  makes  pleasant  and  valuable 
reading,  especially  as  it  supplements  information  gath- 
ered from  inscriptions,  or  from  Comedy  and  the  poets 
and  prose  writers  of  the  period  of  Petronius,  or  from  the 
discoveries  which  have  been  and  are  still  being  continu- 
ally made  in  the  excavations  at  Pompeii. 

By  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  text  of  the  Cena 
rests  upon  one  manuscript  alone,  the  Codex  Tragurien- 
sis  (H).  In  this  edition  that  portion  is  set  in  Roman 
type.  Where  the  text  rests,  however,  upon  this  same 
manuscript  and  the  apographon  of  Scaliger,  called  the 
Codex  Leidensis  (L),  Italics  have  been  employed.  The 
portion  set  in  black-faced  type  rests  upon  other  manu- 
scripts in  addition  to  these   two.      I  believe   that  the 


PREFACE  V 

employment  of  different  fonts  to  indicate  the  difference 
in  manuscript  authority  has  an  advantage  over  the  per- 
pendiculars used  by  Bucheler  and  Friedlander. 

W.  E.  W. 

New  York  University, 
April,  1902. 


I 


INTRODUCTION. 

I.   Petronius  IX  Relation  to  Earlier  Writers  of 
History  and  Romance. 

A  story  well  told  can  find  its  ready  hearers ;  of 
none  can  this  probably  be  said  with  greater  truth  than 
of  the  tale  of  exciting  and  varied  adventure  which  fills 
the  Odyssey,  and  was  heard  by  the  listening  Greek  with 
silent  wonder  and  pride  as  the  rhapsodist  chanted  and 
recited  from  the  great  poem  at  the  city  or  national  fes- 
tivals. The  less  mythical  but  extremely  romantic  and 
entertaining  histories  of  Herodotus,  who  had  ];iimself 
wandered  quite  as  widely  as  the  Ithacan,  had  a  simi- 
lar charm.^  And  though  the  age  of  Pericles  saw  in 
one  historian,  Thucydides,  an  unswerving  regard  for 
truth  and  critical  accuracy,  yet  for  the  Greeks,  history, 
especially  that  of  foreign  nations  and  remote  countries, 
remained  substantially  the  province  for  more  or  less  of 
romantic  and  rhetorical  treatment.  Ktesias  and  Xeno- 
phon  had  filled  the  minds  of  their  countrymen  with 
curious  tales  coDcerning  Persia;  and  Athenian  orators, 
expatiating  at  festivals  and  on  memorial  days  upon  the 
past  glories  of  Greece,  were  turning  records  of  events 

1  Compare,  for  example,  the  story  told  of  the  emotion  which  Thu- 
cydides betrayed  while  listening,  on  a  certain  occasion,  to  the  Father 
of  History  himself.  (Marcellinus,  54,  in  Westermann's  Biog.  Graec, 
p.  198;  see  Suidas,  under  opyav.) 

vu 


Vlll  INTRODUCTION. 

into  tales  of  romance,  much  after  the  fashion  of  modern 
orators.  Deinon^  of  Colophon,  author  of  a  compendious 
account  of  Persia,  which  has  been  lost,  was  probably  one 
of  these  many  historians  whose  style  was  rhetorical 
and  whose  purpose  was  entertainment.  To  his  son,  Cli- 
tarchus,  this  account  may  have  served  as  a  model ;  for 
his  talent  as  an  historian  of  forcible  descriptive  powers  is 
praised,  rather  than  his  regard  for  truth  and  accuracy.^ 
We  have  it  upon  the  authority  of  Cicero  ^  that  this  Cli- 
tarchus  was  an  author  who  was  read  with  special  pleas- 
ure by  the  Roman  historian  Cornelius  Sisenna,  and 
exerted  considerable  influence  upon  him.  As  to  the 
nature  of  this  influence,  there  is  reason  for  believing 
that  Clitarchus,*  whom  Alexander  the  Great  had  taken 
with  him  on  his  Persian  campaign  for  the  purpose  of 
recording  its  history,  was  a  writer  not  only  rhetorical 
in  his  style,  but  strongly  inclined  to  romancing;   that 

1  Deinou's  history  of  Persia  extended  to  the  year  340  B.C.,  the  date 
of  the  conquest  of  Egypt  by  Artaxerxes  III. 

2  Quint.  X.  1,  74:  Clitarchi  probatur  ingenium,  fides  infamatur. 

3  Cicero,  De  legibus,  i.  2:  "Sisenna  eius  amicus  omnes  adhuc  no- 
stros  scriptores,  nisi  qui  forte  nondum  ediderunt,  de  quibus  existimare 
non  possumus,  facile  superavit.  Is  tamen  neque  orator  in  numero 
vestro  unquam  est  habitus  et  in  historia  puerile  quiddam  consectatur, 
ut  unum  Clitarchum  neque  praeterea  quemquam  de  Graecis  legisse 
videatur,  eum  tamen  velle  dumtaxat  imitari ;  quem  si  adsequi  posset, 
aliquantum  ab  optumo  tamen  abesset." 

Compare  Cicero's  criticism  of  Sisenna,  Brutus,  228. 

4  Clitarchus  was  a  native  of  Megara  ;  he  attended  Alexander  on 
his  invasion  of  the  Persian  Empire,  and  was  the  author  of  a  History, 
in  twelve  books,  terminating  with  the  battle  of  Ipsus.  He  also  wrote 
a  history  of  Persia,  covering  the  period  before  and  after  Xerxes.  As 
to  his  historical  accuracy,  c/.  Cicero,  Brutus,  42:  "  Concessum  est 
rhetoribus  ementiri  in  historiis,  ut  aliquid  dicere  possint  argutius ;  ut 
enira  tu  nunc  de  Coriolano,  sic  Clitarchus^  sic  Stratocles  de  Themi- 
stocle  finxit." 


INTRODUCTION.  IX 

his  influence  tended  to  make  the  writing  of  history 
biographical,  and  that  history  thus  written  —  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  study  of  individual  heroes  —  was  what 
specially  attracted  Sisenna  and  made  him,  in  adopting 
this  style  of  treatment  from  Clitarchus,  the  probable  pro- 
totype of  Sallust.^  It  is  natural,  therefore,  that  Sisenna, 
historian  and  biographer  though  he  truly  was,  should  have 
also  translated  those  purely  romancing  and  fictitious  nar- 
ratives, the  Milesian  Tales  of  Aristides,-  in  which  he  found 
the  same  attractive  and  historical  style  —  certainly  the 
same  form  of  biographical  treatment  —  as  in  the  histories 
of  Clitarchus,  which  were  his  models  and  masterpieces. 

^  Cf.  Sallust,  Jug.  95,  2:  "  L.  Sisenna,  optume  et  diligentissime 
omnium  qui  eas  [Sullanas]  res  dixere  persecutus,  parum  mihi  libero 
ore  locutus  videtur. 

2  None  of  the  X6701  epwri/co/  of  Aristides  has  come  down  to  us ; 
the  famous  tale  of  the  Widow  of  Ephesus.  told  by  Petronius  in  chap- 
ters 111-112,  furnishes  r.  very  good  cle"/  to  his  witty  style  and  choice 
of  theme.  The  ipojTiKa  iradrjfxara  of  Partheuius.  which  have  come 
down  to  us,  but  in  meagre  and  colorless  outlines,  probably  lacked  the 
freshness  as  well  as  the  grace  and  smoothness  of  the  tales  of  Aristides, 
though  they  were  doubtless  written  with  great  effect.  Cf.  Christ,  §  608  ; 
H.  T.  Peck,  Trimalchio's  Dinner,  p.  21  ff.  The  X6701  ipcoTiKoi  super- 
seded the  erotic  elegy,  and  indeed  the  Xew  Comedy  with  its  countless 
plots  depicting  the  course  of  love  in  its  anxious  and  unhappy  moments. 
Just  so  soon  as  the  poetic  treatment  of  love  motives  had  virtually  dis- 
appeared from  the  stage,  and  Menander  and  Diphilus  were  read  from 
books  only,  the  dialogue  and  the  cantica  had  to  go  their  way,  and  a 
form  of  composition  was  evolved,  better  adapted  for  mere  perusal. 
This  caused  the  sacrifice  of  the  metrical  clothing:  rhythmical  prose 
was  a  sufficient  substitute.  At  the  same  time  the  novel  reached  a 
greater  freedom  of  invention,  by  breaking  from  the  traditional  realism 
of  what  we  call  "  studies  in  social  life."  In  comparison  with  the  elegy 
and  the  dramatic  comedy,  whose  very  form  implies  a  large  amount  of 
aesthetic  pleasure  through  the  means  of  literary  art,  the  purpose  of  the 
prose  novelette  and  short  story  was  to  make  romance  subserve  enter- 
tainment only. 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

From  the  conquest  of  Carthage  and  the  fall  of  Corinth, 
there  existed  in  Rome  a  growing  philhellenic  aristocracy, 
delighted  by  the  refined  civilization  and  entertaining 
literature  of  Greece,  fond  of  listening  to  the  episodes  of 
the  Odyssey  and  witnessing  the  comedies  of  Diphilus  and 
Menander,  as  Terence  and  Plautus  brought  them  upon 
the  stage.  In  the  time  of  Sisenna,  however,  many  of 
these  families  had  degenerated  into  an  idle,  ease-loving 
aristocracy,  for  whom,  in  the  decline  of  the  drama  and 
the  lack  of  originality  upon  the  stage,  the  romances  of 
Aristides  were  an  attractive  substitute. 

It  is  these  Milesian  Tales  to  which  we  turn  in  finding 
for  Petronius  his  proper  setting  among  Latin  writers ; 
for,  although  his  writings  are  called  Satirae,  Petronius 
was  not  a  satirist,  but  a  romancer.  Though  both  the 
Milesian  Tales  and  Sisenna's  translations,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  bare  dozen  lines,  have  perished,  yet  we 
may  form  a  fairly  adequate  impression  of  their  nature. 
They  usually  depicted  the  tempestuous  course  of  true 
love ;  yet  they  were  not  such  novels  as  George  Eliot 
and  Thomas  Hardy  have  given  us ;  for  in  these  there 
is  great  unity  and  directness,  due  not  alone  to  the 
individuality  of  the  chief  personages,  but  to  the  psy- 
chological treatment  of  evolution  or  decay  of  character; 
which  indeed  forms  the  charm  of  these  authors.  The 
Milesian  Tales  were  mere  amusing  stories,  full  of  inci- 
dents, devoid  of  development,  crowned  with  an  end  at 
last  which  suited  the  virtues  or  vices  of  the  hero  ^  and 

1  How  problematic  this  is,  however,  can  be  seen  from  recent  discus- 
sion. Cf.  Verhandlungen  der  30'^"-  Philologenversammlung,  p.  55,  and 
Rhein.  Mus.  xlviii.  1893,  p.  125,  where  Rohde  maintains  that  these  tales 
were  short,  disconnected  stories  like  those  of  Boccaccio  or  Chaucer. 


?i 


INTRODUCTION.  xi 

was  in  fair  accord  with  the  sympathies  which  the  story 
awakened  in  the  reader.  Their  modern  analogues  are 
some  of  the  more  highly  seasoned  of  Chaucer's  Canter- 
bury Tales,  or  such  pure  unbounded  romances  as  Steven- 
son's Treasure  Island.  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  Spanish 
picaresque  tales  may  be  cited  as  in  any  way  suggestive 
of,  or  related  to,  Petronius'  Satirae} 

Sisenna's    translations   were   in   all    probability   read 

Burger  believes  that  they  were  each  complete  in  themselves  and  more 
on  the  order  of  novels  than  short  stories ;  cf.  Hermes,  xxvii,  1892,  p.  Mo. 
If  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  the  Milesian  Tale  was  in  the  beginning  an 
encroachment  upon  the  field  of  the  New  Comedy,  it  may  be  seen  that 
probably  both  Rohde  and  BUrger  are  right.  At  first  the  tale  would  not 
much  differ  from  a  prose  rendering  of  the  plot  of  a  comedy,  a  kind  of 
explanatory  libretto.  Such  productions  would  be  found  to  be  popular 
and  interesting  "  short  stories."  It  would  next  come  to  be  worth  while 
to  invent  and  write  other  "  original  stories  "  on  their  pattern ;  the  way 
would  thus  be  paved  for  the  writing  of  long  original  stories  into  which 
the  writer  put  all  the  literary  art  which  he  possessed. 

1  "  Although  the  picaresque  tale  was  indigenous  to  Spain,  its  elements 
had  existed  earlier  and  elsewhere  in  literature.  The  Greek  novels  had 
employed  pirates  and  robbers  with  unfailing  regularity.  In  them  leaders 
of  land  and  water  thieves  were  prominent  figures,  although  these  as 
rogues  could  claim  no  merit  or  special  character;  for  in  the  Greek 
novel,  which  was  fitted  to  live  again  only  in  the  heroic  genre  of  Gom- 
berville,  Calprenede,  Scude'ry,  even  the  rogues  were  heroes,  not  anti- 
heroes.  The  Plautine  comedy  had  offered  a  nearer  approach  to  the 
ideal  of  Spanish  roguery  in  the  Epidicus,  Mostellaria,  or  Persa,  for  the 
intriguing  slave  and  the  parasite  of  the  classic  stage  bore  some  resem- 
blance to  the  picaro  living  by  his  wits.  Encolpius,  in  the  Satyricon  of 
Petronius  Arbiter,  has  been  hailed  as  the  forerunner  of  Spanish  rogues, 
and  the  facts  that  most  of  the  Peninsular  picaresque  authors  were  classi- 
cists, and  that  Petronius  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  had 
a  special  vogue,  have  been  adduced  as  proving  a  probable  bond  between 
the  Satyricon  and  the  romances  of  roguery.  But  the  low-life  adven- 
tures of  the  decadent  voluptuary,  or  the  excesses  of  the  feast  of  Tri- 
malchio,  have  little  in  common  with  the  shifts  of  the  unfortunate  rascal 
in  service."     Cf.  Chandler,  Romances  of  Roguery,  p.  3. 


xil  INTRODUCTION. 

with  great  delight.  Ovid^  was  certainly  acquainted 
with  them.  One  of  their  effects  was  the  sanctioning 
and  further  extension  of  that  romantic  coloring  which 
Roman  historians  and  writers  of  travel  were  putting  into 
their  works.  Livy  furnishes  a  marked  instance  of  such 
an  effect. 

But  the  special  form  of  literary  art  which  Petronius 
adopted  had  been  subject  in  the  fifty  or  sixty  years  pre- 
ceding him  to  other  vital  influences,  differing  from  these 
which  we  have  traced  back  to  the  disjointed  Milesian 
Tales  of  Aristides  and  his  fellows.  We  refer  to  the 
accounts  of  wonderful  voyages  and  strange  adventures 
written  by  Roman  travellers,  which  by  their  biographical 
treatment  pointed  the  way  to  the  transition  from  stories 
of  varied  and  loosely  related  situations  to  creations  of 
a  higher  type  possessing  unity  and  order.  There  are 
greater  unity  and  order  in  the  Odyssey  than  in  the  Iliad, 
or  in  a  novel  of  Thackeray's  than  in  the  Arabian  Nights. 
It  was  the  great  Roman  encyclopedist,  Varro,  author  of 
the  Periplus,  a  journey  around  the  world,  who  won  popu- 
lar acceptance  for  this  artistic  treatment  of  tales  of 
travel.  Others  followed  in  his  footsteps ;  we  can  name 
at  least  two,  Statins  Sebosus  and  Lucius  Manilius.^  The 
former  was  a  voyager  whom  Pliny  mentions  as  one  of 

1  Cf.  Ovid,  Tristia,  ii.  443:  "  Vertit  Aristidem  Sisenna,  nee  obfuit 
illi  I  historiae  turpis  inseruisse  iocos." 

2  To  this,  Heinze  is  opposed,  who  believes  it  impossible  to  prove  that 
these  writers  showed  any  approach  to  free  treatment.  However,  the 
transition  from  the  realism  of  accounts  of  actual  travel  to  imagina- 
tive accounts,  like  those  of  Lucian  or  Jules  Verne,  is  very  easy;  the 
middle  ground  of  transition  would  be  the  occasional  appearance  of 
what  was  incredible,  but  highly  entertaining,  in  the  midst  of  what  was 
told  in  sober  earnest  as  real  and  true.  Cf.  Heinze,  Hermes,  xxxiv.  1899, 
p.  510,  n.  1;  Schanz,  Rum.  Litteraturgesch.  ii.  §  395. 


INTRODUCTION.  xiii 

his  chief  sources ;  both  apparently  laid  special  stress 
upon  curiosities  and  things  marvellous.  They  wrote  in 
order  to  entertain  and  amuse;  it  can  be  imagined  that 
they  stretched  the  truth  occasionally,  and  that  fiction 
and  reality  were  hopelessly  blended.  Whether  or  not 
the  narrator  was  made  to  speak  in  his  own  person  is 
uncertain.  If  that  was  the  case,  there  would  be  a  close 
connection  between  their  autobiographical  style  and  that 
of  Petronius,  w^hich  would  be  most  interesting. 

II.   Petroxius  axd  the  Mexippean  Satire. 

However  tempting  it  might  have  been  to  Petronius 
to  write  in  the  racy  prose  of  the  short  Milesian  Tale, 
or  of  biographical  or  autobiographical  travel  with  its 
touches  of  romance,  in  the  composition  of  his  SaHrae^ 
his  style  is  actually  that  of  the  so-called  Menippean 
satire ;  it  best  suited  his  frolicking  temper.  Menippus 
and  that  side  of  Varro  which  imitated  him  were  congen- 
ial to  Petronius.  This  genre  had  certainly  been  long  in 
use,  and,  by  breaking  up  the  flow  of  the  prose  by  means 
of  passages  in  verse,  was  adapted  to  the  expression  of 
any  personal  feeling  and  temper  on  the  part  of  the 
writer  or  his  characters,  that  might  be  seasonable.  It 
is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  form  of  the  Menippean 
satire  was  the  deliberate  choice  of  Petronius.  In  his 
times  ^  the  expression  of  personal  feeling  by  means  of 
satire  was  very  much  the  vogue,  as  the  poems  of  Hor- 
ace and  Persius  and  Juvenal  testify.  In  the  Cena  the 
poetical  passages  contain  no  expression  of  sentiment 
from  Petronius   himself   or  his   spokesman,  Encolpius. 

1  On  the  date  of  Petronius,  see  chapter  IV.  of  this  Introduction. 


XIV  INTRODUCTION. 

The  three  passages  of  this  sort  which  occur  there  be- 
long to  Trimalchio.  The  Cena  is,  therefore,  practically 
a  tale  in  pure  prose. 

Petronius's  Satirae  had,  then,  a  free  and  rollicking  move- 
ment, which  was  frequently  interrupted  by  poetical  por- 
tions of  varying  length,  now  in  one  metre,  now  in  another, 
but  all  serving  by  their  satire  or  humor  or  seriousness  to 
give  clever  touches  of  one  sort  and  another  to  the  course 
of  the  narrative.^  This  is  the  characteristic  of  the  Menip- 
pean  satire.  Compare  in  the  Cena  the  close  of  chapter  34 
and  the  two  passages  in  chapter  6^.  More  numerous 
examples  of  these  poetical  passages  are  found,  however, 
in  the  fragments  of  Petronius  ^  not  included  in  the  Cena. 

For  the  origin  of  this  style  of  composition,  one  must 
go  back  to  Timon  of  Phlius,  about  315-226  b.c,  who  was 
the  writer  par  excellence  of  humorous  satirical  narratives 
and  dialogues  aimed  at  social  follies  of  various  kinds, 
but  mainly  at  the  philosophers,  whose  schools  were  fail- 
ing in  the  old  lines  of  distinction  and  in  the  dignity  and 
sobriety  of  their  teachings.  His  silloi,  as  such  composi- 
tions were  called,  were  in  verse  only ;  but  we  are  told  that 
in  Menippus,  a  Syrian  of  G-adara,^  there  was  a  mixture 

1  Cf.  the  alternation  of  prose  with  verse  in  Shakspere,  e.g.  in  Tem- 
pest ;  cf.  also  Alice  in  Wonderland,  or  W.  W.  Story's  He  and  She, 
although  this  is  not  strictly  a  parallel.  Holmes's  Autocrat  frequently 
drops  into  poetry. 

2  Cf.  pages  114  ff .  in  Biicheler's  third  edition  of  the  Satirae.  Berlin, 
1882. 

3  The  origin  of  the  peculiar  form  of  mixture  of  prose  and  verse,  so 
characteristic  of  the  satires  of  Menippus,  as  well  as  of  Varro's  imita- 
tions, is  explained  by  Hirzel,  Der  Dialog,  i.  pp.  380-389.  See  also 
Schanz,  i.  §  184:  "As  early  as  the  time  of  Gorgias  and  Plato  this 
style  of  composition  was  coming  into  vogue.  The  fondness  of  the 
Cynics  for  parodying  the  verses  of  Homer,  and  the  tragic  writers  espe- 


I 


INTRODUCTION.  XV 

of  prose  with  the  verse.  Scarcely  anything  that  Timon 
or  Menippus  wrote  has  come  clown  to  us,  and  both  might 
have  been  to  us  little  more  than  mere  names  were  it  not 
that  the  great  voluminous  Roman  writer,  M.  Terentius 
Varro  (116-27  b.c),  imitated  the  style  of  the  latter  in 
150  books  of  Satirae  Menijypeae,  wherein,  adhering  quite 
slavishly  to  the  style  and  manner  of  his  master,  he 
preached  much  serious  wisdom  through  the  vehicle  of 
satire  and  humor.^  These  are  preserved  to  us  in  a  few 
precious  fragments,^  and  furnish  some  fairlj^  good  intima- 

cially,  may  have  influenced  Meuippus  of  Gadara  (third  century  b.c.) 
to  combine  prose  and  verse  freely  in  his  burlesque  writings,  which  were 
doing  their  share  in  filling  the  place  of  the  moribund  Comedy.  But  it 
is  scarcely  possible  to  say  how  and  to  what  extent  he  did  this."  If  we 
may  make  any  inference  from  Lucian,  he  probably  parodied  the  verses 
of  those  of  whom  he  made  sport,  as  Aristophanes  parodies  Euripides' 
verses  in  the  Frogs.  That  wapifdeiv,  as  well  as  simple  ixifjLr)cni  and 
travesty,  certainly  played  a  great  role  in  popular  Latin  literature,  is 
shown  by  the  imitations  of  Varro,  of  Seneca,  in  the  Apocolocyntosis, 
and  of  Petronius.  Aristides  did  not  write  his  Milesian  Tales  in  alter- 
nating prose  and  verse;  his  translator,  Sisenna,  however,  is  named  by 
Fronto  (Naber,  p.  62)  in  a  list  of  poets,  and  one  little  fragment  of 
Sisenna's,  n6cte  vagdtrix,  seems  to  belong  to  a  verse.  Cf.  Norden, 
Kunstprosa,  ii.  755  ff. 

1  Says  Varro  (Cicero,  Academica  posteriora,  2,  8) :  "in  illis  veteri- 
bus  nostris,  quae  Menippum  imitati,  non  interpretati,  quadam  hilaritate 
conspersimus,  quo  facilius  minus  docti  intellegerent  iucunditate  qua- 
dam ad  legendum  invitati,  multa  admixta  ex  intima  philosophia,  multa 
dicta  dialectice."  Then,  in  9,  addressing  Varro,  Cicero  says:  "  pluri- 
mumque  idem  poetis  nostris  omninoque  Latinis  et  litteris  luminis  et 
verbis  attulisti  atque  ipse  varium  et  elegans  omni  fere  numero  poema 
fecisti  philosophiamque  multis  locis  inchoasti,  ad  impellendum  satis,  ad 
edocendum  parum."  Cf.  Probus  on  Vergil,  Ed.  vi.  31 :  "  Varro  qui  est 
Menippeus  non  a  magistro,  cuius  aetas  longe  praecesserat,  nominatus, 
sed  a  societate  ingenii,  quod  is  quoque  omnigeno  carmine  satiras  suas 
expoliaverat."     Cf.  Quiutilian,  Inst.  Orat.  x.  1,  95;  ii.  18. 

2  These  have  been  published  by  Biicheler  in  his  third  edition  of 
Petronius,  pp.  161-224. 


XVI  INTRODUCTION. 

tions  of  the  style  of  the  master.  But  it  was  reserved  for 
Lucian,  fellow-countryman  of  Menippus,  not  so  much  to 
interpret  his  literary  style  —  for  Lucian  employs  prose 
alone  —  as  to  reveal  the  spirit  of  the  old  satirist,  and,  by 
holding  the  mirror  to  him,  to  give  us  brilliant  and  fasci- 
nating pictures  of  him  in  the  dialogues  entitled  Charon^ 
Menippus,  and  Icaromenippus. 

III.   The  Satirae  and  their  Principal  Fragment. 

Although  it  is  not  evident  from  the  composition  of 
the  Ce7ia  alone,  in  which  we  have  no  admixture  of  verse 
outside  of  chapters  34  and  55,  in  form  the  Satirae  of 
Petronius  are  Menippean.  This  conclusion  is  reached 
from  a  study  of  the  fragments  beyond  the  Ceyia,  and 
of  the  probable  mise-en-sc^ne  of  the  considerable  num- 
ber of  poetical  excerpts  from  Petronius  which  we  have. 
This  of  course  does  not  imply  that  the  purpose  of  the 
metrical  portions  is  just  the  same  as  in  previous  writers 
who  employed  Menippean  satire.  It  is  the  characteristic 
of  Petronius  that  he  so  heartilv  identifies  himself  with 
the  escapades  and  psychological  moods  of  his  characters 
that  the  metrical  portions  are  not  the  vehicle  of  expres- 
sion for  his  own  sentiments  alone,  but  for  those  of  his 
characters  also,  with  whom,  in  the  metrical  portions,  he 
often  merges  his  own  personality.  This  change  from 
objective  to  subjective  treatment  in  the  Menippean  satire 
was  a  distinct  advance. 

In  the  free  and  rapid  history  of  the  adventures  and 
escapades  of  his  hero,  Petronius  probably  shows  the  in- 
fluence of  that  other  class  of  literature  represented  by 
accounts  of  marvellous  travel  which  Statins  Sebosus  and 


INTRODUCTION.  Xvii 

Lucius  Manilius  ^  were  writing  at  the  beginning  of  the 
first  century  B.C. ;  their  romantic  element  gave  them 
something  in  common  with  the  Milesian  Tales.  The 
hero  in  Petronius  is  a  young  man,  by  name  Encolpius, 
who  is  made  to  describe  in  his  own  person  the  experi- 
ences which  befell  him  and  his  comrades  in  a  number  of 
places  which  they  visited.  Their  travels,  like  those  of 
Odysseus,  were  not  voluntary,  but  a  forced  wandering 
begun  in  punishment  for  some  violation  of  a  temple  of 
the  god  Priapus  by  Encolpius.^  The  anger  of  the  offended 
god  becomes  here,  therefore,  as  the  wrath  of  Poseidon 
in  the  Odyssey,  the  compelling  motif,  causing  and  thus 
unifying  the  action  throughout  all  the  episodes  of  the 
story.^     But  the  time  of  Homer  is  not  that  of  Petronius. 

1  See  above,  p.  vi;  cf.  Schanz,  Rom.  Lift.  i.  §  204. 

2  Cf.  Biicheler,  1st  ed.,  p.  vii;  Friedlander,  p.  o;  Schanz,  I.e.  n.  2, 
p.  103.  It  is  probably  Encolpius  who  says  in  a  chapter  (139)  at  the  end 
of  the  Satirae,  — 

"  et  regnum  Xeptuni  pa-sit  Ulixes. 

me  quoque  per  terras,  per  cani  Nereos  aequor 
Hellespontiaci  sequitur  gravis  ira  Priapi." 

Cf.  with  this  his  appeal  to  Priapus,  chap.  133:  — 

"  non  sanguine  tristi 
perfusus  venio.    non  templis  impius  bostis 
admovi  dextram,  sed  inops  et  rebus  egenis 
attritus  facinus  non  toto  corpore  feci." 

3  This  is  the  theory  of  Elimer  Klebs.  The  trials  of  Encolpius  are  a 
parody  on  the  woes  of  Odysseus,  and  done  by  Petronius  with  consum- 
mate wit ;  cf.  Philologus,  xlvii.  1889,  p.  623  ff.  "  Es  ist  aber  verkehrt," 
says  Schanz,  "den  helden  zum  Odysseus  redivivus  zu  machen,  wie 
Biirger;  "  cf.  Hermes,  xxvii.  1892,  p.  3K3 ;  Heinze,  Hermes,  xxxiv.  1899, 
p.  507.  The  idea  of  the  Avenging  Fury  was,  however,  very  common 
among  the  Greeks.  lo  and  Herakles  are  each  harassed  by  the  indig- 
nant Hera ;  the  house  of  the  Atridae  inherits  a  curse  from  Pelops ;  so 
the  house  of  Oedipus  suffers,      Aeneas  is  tossed  on  land  and  sea  on 


XVIU  INTRODUCTION". 

The  latter  describes  not  only  wonders  and  miraculous 
adventures,  but  the  ordinary  follies  and  vices  of  men, 
satirizing  them  as  well,  a  thing  which  the  Menippean 
form  of  satire  in  which  he  wrote  easily  enabled  him  to  do, 
through  its  mingling  of  humorous  and  serious,  prose  and 
verse.  The  work  is  therefore  a  Satira;  Biicheler  entitles 
it  Satirae.  Only  fragments  of  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
books  are  in  existence.^  It  was  too  large  a  production 
to  survive  entire,  and  since  it  therefore  lent  itself  to 
condensation,  an  abbreviated  form  of  it  was  made  very 
early.  From  such  an  abbreviated  or  excerpted  copy,  as 
late  probably  as  the  ninth  century,  the  manuscripts  are 
descended  which  are  still  in  existence.  The  complete 
Petronius,  being  the  more  expensive,  did  not  survive,  so 
far  as  we  know,  later  than  the  seventh  century.-  The 
best  and  also  most  connected  fragment  of  the  Satirae  is 
the  Ce7ia  Trimalchionis.  For  almost  the  entire  portion 
of  this  there  is  but  one  manuscript ;  it  was  found  in  the 
library  of  Cippius^by  Marinus  Statilius,  about  1650,  in 
the  little  town  of  Trau  on  the  east  shore  of  the  Adriatic.'* 

account  of  the  anger  of  Juno.  Petronius  may  have  meant  to  parody 
the  general  Greek  conception  of  the  Avenging  Fury  rather  than  any 
particular  instance. 

1  Biicheler,  1st  ed.,  pp.  vi,  vii.  Chapter  20  is  said  in  an  old  codex 
of  Fulgentius  to  belong  to  the  fourteenth  book;  cf.  Biicheler,  1st  ed., 
p.  208,  vii.  On  the  possible  range  of  scene  and  action  in  the  Satirae, 
cf.  Heinze,  I.e.,  p.  495,  n.  1,  and  Biirger,  I.e.,  p.  346,  n.  5. 

2  Biicheler,  1st  ed.,  p.  xi;  Friedlander,  pp.  10,  11;  Peck,  Trimal- 
ehio's  Dinner,  pp.  50-54. 

3  The  first  edition  was  published  in  Padua,  1664;  in  the  same  year 
Tilebomenus  (Jac.  Mentel)  published  an  edition  in  Paris;  an  edition 
with  notes  by  J.  Scheffer  appeared  at  Upsala,  1665;  Reinesius  brought 
out  his  edition  at  Leipzig  in  1666. 

*  R.  Ellis  states  in  the  Journal  of  Philology,  1883,  p.  266,  that 
in  a  letter  written  by  Francis  Veruon,  dated  1675,  the  discoverer  of 


INTRODUCTION.  xix 

In  the  Cena,  as  in  the  entire  Satirae,  the  hero,  Encol- 
pius/  is  the  narrator ;  Ascyltus  and  Giton  ^  are  his  com- 
rades. The  rhetorician  Agamemnon  is  with  them ;  but 
after  the  Cena  his  place  is  taken  by  the  insipid  poet, 
Enmolpus.  From  chapter  llfi,  the  scene  is  laid  in  Cro- 
tona ;  but  only  in  a  general  way  is  any  intimation  given 
of  the  different  scenes  of  action  up  to  that  point.  The 
home  of  Trimalchio,  where  the  Cena  was  given,  was  a 
Greek  city^  situated  on  the  sea,*  and  not  far  from  Baiae  '^ 
and  Capua.^  For  these  and  certain  other  reasons  ^  he  is 
thought  to  have  lived  at  Cumae,  though  some  difficulty 
lies  in  the  way  of  deciding  definitely  for  Cumae.  The 
Cena  extends  from  section  26  to  78 ;  some  of  the  scenes 
which  precede  it  must  have  been  laid  in  Massilia. 

As  to  the  time  in  which  the  adventures  and  incidents 
of  the  Satirae  were  laid,  the  decision  is  somewhat  diffi- 
cult,    The  most  recent  opinion  favors  the  period  toward 

the  Trau  Ms.  is  named  Mr.  Stasileo;    cf.  Bursian's  Jahresbericht, 
1886,  p.  198. 

1  Regarding  this  hero,  cf.  Heinze,  Lc,  p.  506,  n.  1. 

2  Of  these  two,  the  boy  Giton  is  the  more  prominent  character. 

3  Chap.  81.  4  Chapp.  77,  81.  5  Chap.  50.  6  chap.  62. 

'  For  the  arguments  in  favor  of  Cumae,  cf.  Mommsen,  Hermes,  xiii. 
1878,  pp.  106  ff.  His  decision,  since  the  place  is  a  Greek  town  of  Cam- 
pania, lay  between  Naples,  Misenum.  Puteoli.  and  Cumae:  yet  some 
objection  could  be  made  against  each  of  these.  However,  there  is  one 
positive  argument  in  favor  of  Cumae,  given  by  Mommsen,  which  car- 
ried weight  with  Biicheler  and  brought  Friedlander  out  of  his  un- 
certainty (Bursian's  Jahresbericht,  xiv.  p.  171)  so  as  to  accept  Cumae 
and  to  bracket  Cinnis,  chap.  48.  as  a  word  inserted  by  the  epitomator, 
and  to  decide  in  the  Wochenschrift  fiir  Klassische  Philologie,  viii.  p. 
1315,  against  Haley  {Harvard  Studies  in  Classical  Philology,  ii.  pp. 
1^0),  who  had  argued  in  favor  of  Puteoli.  Schanz,  in  his  second 
edition,  1901,  ceases  to  accept  Friedlander's  bracketing  of  Cumis,  and 
now  admits  "  die  bestimmung  des  ortes  ist  strittig."  Cf.  Schanz,  n.  2, 
p.  103,  Der  ort  der  handlung. 


XX  INTRODUCTION. 

the  end  of  the  reign  of  Claudius  or  the  beginning  of 
Nero's  reign/  between  50  and  57  a.d.    Whatever  the  date, 

1  Mommsen,  with  whom  Haley  agrees,  places  the  action  of  the  Satirae 
in  the  reign  of  Augustus,  previous,  therefore,  to  14:  a.d.  He  argues  in 
favor  of  this  earlier  date  from  Trimalchio's  words,  chap.  57,  *'  puer  capil- 
latus  in  hanc  coloniam  veni;  adhuc  basilica  non  erat  facta."  The 
building  of  the  basilica,  he  argues,  was  an  important  incident  in  the 
founding  of  the  Roman  colony  at  Cumae,  which  falls  between  42  and 
26  B.C.  If  Trimalchio  were  ten  years  old  then  {puer  capillatus)  and  sixty 
at  the  time  of  the  Cena,  the  banquet  would  fall  between  8  and  24  a.d. 
But,  as  Friedlander  says,  though  numbers  of  new  buildings  were 
erected  to  mark  the  colonial  expansion  of  Cumae,  the  basilica  may  well 
have  been  one  of  the  very  latest  of  them.  Biicheler,  1st  ed.,  p.  vii, 
decides  in  favor  of  the  last  years  of  the  reign  of  Tiberius,  3.3-37  a.d.; 
but  this  is  excluded  by  the  fact  that  in  chap.  60  the  reigning  emperor 
is  styled  pater  patriae,  an  epithet  which  that  emperor  had  persistently 
refused.  It  is  Friedlander  who  puts  the  date  between  50  and  57  a.d., 
basing  his  argument  on  Trimalchio's  second  cognomen,  Maecenatianus, 
chap.  71,  and  the  mention  of  the  musical  virtuoso,  Apelles,  chap.  64,  and 
the  composer,  Menecrates,  chap.  73,  individuals  whom  everybody  knew. 
The  former  was  famous  under  Caligula,  the  latter  under  Xero.  Indeed, 
Friedlander's  argument  rests  mainly  upon  the  mention  of  those  two 
names.  The  Scaurus  named  in  chap.  77  need  not,  he  believes,  be 
taken  as  one  of  the  family  of  the  Aemilii  Scauri  which  became  extinct 
in  34  A.D.  Nor  is  the  fact  that  August  is  still  called  Sextilis,  chap.  53, 
a  proof  that  the  Cena  was  written  before  or  after  7  a.d.,  in  which  year 
the  change  of  name  was  made.  Common  people  cling  to  old  names,  and 
Petronius  can  for  that  reason  have  represented  the  secretary  of  Tri- 
malchio as  still  employing  the  name  Sextilis.  As  to  the  hundred  year 
old  Opimian  wine  placed  on  the  table,  chap.  34,  it  furnishes  the  host 
further  occasion  for  ignorant  boasting.  The  emperor,  under  whom  mal- 
leable glass  was  discovered,  chap.  51,  was  probably  Tiberius;  c/.  Pliuy. 
Nat.  Hist,  xxxvi.  195;  Dio  Cassius,  Ivii.  21.  As  to  Apelles  and  Mene- 
crates, they  must  have  been  the  distinguished  bearers  of  these  names 
whom  we  know  from  other  sources;  cf.  Dio  Cassius,  lix.  5;  Sueton. 
Nero,  c.  30.  It  would  be  remarkable  if  in  Petronius's  time  there  were 
two  men  answering  to  each  of  these  names,  the  two  in  the  Ceiia  being 
unheard  of  except  for  Petronius.  The  Apelles  in  the  Cena,  spoken  of 
as  already  belonging  to  the  past,  is  the  artist  who  flourished  under 
Caligula ;   while  Menecrates  is  the  composer  whom   Nero  honored  so 


INTRODUCTION.  XXI 

even  though  it  be  the  Augustan  period,  Petronius  is  de- 
scribing the  life  of  his  own  times,  and  has  no  intention 
of  making  or  developing  contrasts  between  it  and  the  life 
under  Augustus,  nor  can  we  doubt  that,  in  chapters  89  and 
119-124,  Petronius  is  making  innuendoes  at  the  poems  of 
Nero  and  Lucan,  who  are  post- Augustan  personages. 

IV.   Date  and  Identity  of  Petronius. 

That  the  author  of  the  Satirae  was  a  Petronius  Arbiter 
is  attested  by  ancient  writers  and  grammarians,  as  well 
as  by  all  the  manuscripts  of  the  work.^  It  is  also  quite 
universally-  accepted  now  that  our  author  is  the  Petro- 
nius mentioned  and  described  by  Tacitus  in  the  Annales 
as  one  of  the  numerous  intimates  of  Nero.  That  he 
belouged  to  the  time  of  Xero  was  first  demonstrated  with 
satisfaction  bv  G.  Studer^  in  1843.  This  demonstration 
was  based  chiefly  upon  the  internal  evidence  furnished 

highly,  and  Claudius  may  already  have  distinguished.  "  The  manner 
in  which  both  names  are  mentioned  warrants,"  says  Friedlander, 
"  our  assuming  the  time  of  the  Cena  to  he  the  end  of  Claudius's  reign 
or  the  beginning  of  Xero's.  If  it  be  the  former,  the  author  is  easily 
pardoned  for  giving  it  a  bit  of  Xeronic  coloring  from  his  own  times." 

1  Biicheler.  1st  ed.,  p.  iii. 

2  Cruttwell,  Bom.  Lit.  p.  394 :  "  Who  he  was  is  not  certainly  known." 
Mackail,  Lat.  Lit.  p.  183:  "One  of  the  emperor's  [Nero's]  intimate 
circle  in  the  excesses  of  his  later  years."  Teuffel,  Rom.  Lit.  Gesch. 
1890,  p.  743  :  "  Welchen  man  fiir  den  von  Xero  im  J.  66  zum  tode 
genotigten  Petronius  halten  darf."  Biicheler,  1st  ed.,  p.  v:  "  Valde 
probabiliter  eundem  esse  quem  Xero  morte  damnavit."  Cf.  Fried- 
lander,  p.  3.  ^Yith  these  Schanz  agrees  in  both  editions.  See  also 
Peck,  Trimalchio's  Dinner,  pp.  45-48. 

8  In  the  Rhein.  Mus.  ii.  pp.  50,  202.  Merivale's  History  of  the  Ro- 
mans, chap,  liii,  gives  in  abstract  a  fair  idea  of  the  general  nature  of  a 
portion  of  his  argument. 


Xxil  INTRODUCTION. 

by  the  Satirae  itself,  that  is,  upon  the  study  of  its  dic- 
tion, including  vocabulary  and  the  author's  descriptive 
style,  and  of  the  contents  of  the  story,  including  allu- 
sions to  persons,  customs,  and  historical  conditions  which 
could  belong  to  a  certain  age  only,  which  Studer,  as  has 
been  said,  showed  was  the  middle  of  the  first  century 
A.D.  The  language,  the  metre  in  the  poetical  passages, 
the  social  conditions  described,  are  those  of  Nero's  time. 
"  The  critique  of  Lucan's  Pharsalia,  by  way  of  parody,  in 
chapters  119-124,  would  fail  of  all  meaning  and  value 
unless  it  had  been  written  in  Lucan's  time  or  very  soon 
thereafter ;  while  the  contents  and  bearing  of  that  short 
poetic  passage  on  the  fall  of  Troy,  the  Troiae  Halosis,  in 
chapter  89,  could  not  be  appreciated  unless  Petronius's 
parody  were  the  work  of  a  contemporary  of  Kero."  It 
was,  in  fact,  a  bit  of  parody  or  satire  on  Nero's  attempts 
at  poetry.-^  Criticism  in  Petronius,  like  criticism  in  gen- 
eral, and  especially  literary  criticism,  is  directed  against 
present  conditions. 

If  an  author,  moreover,  may  be  judged  from  his  works, 
no  one  could  more  fairly  be  held  to  be  the  author  of  the 
Satirae  than  the  Petronius  whom  Nero  fancied  for  a 
season  and  finally  cast  off  and  put  to  death.  "  He  was 
a  man,"  says  Tacitus,^  "who  devoted  the  day  to  sleep 
and  spent  the  night  in  business  or  pleasure,  and  was 
distinguished  rather  for  his  idleness  than  for  his  thrift ; 
one  who  gained  the  reputation,  not  of  a  glutton  or  of  a 
profligate,  like  most  spendthrifts,  but  of  a  cultured  epi- 
cure, whose  words  and  deeds  were  accepted  all  the  more 

1  Cf.  Schanz,  ed.  1901,  ii.  2,  pp.  11  and  106;  "Die  Troica  und  die 
"AXwo-ts  Neros." 

2  Annales^  xvi.  18  and  19. 


INTRODUCTION.  Xxiii 

gladly  as  models  of  simplicity  in  proportion  as  they  were 
unconventional  and  careless.  As  proconsul  in  Bithynia, 
and  afterwards  consul  suifectus,  he  proved  himself  active 
and  equal  to  his  work  ;  but  upon  returning  to  his  evil 
ways,  or  possibly  by  a  pretence  of  evil,  he  became  one  of 
Xero's  few  and  most  intimate  friends,  his  authority  in 
matters  of  taste,^  so  that,  fatigued  with  pleasures,  the 
Emperor  thought  nothing  charming  or  delicate  unless 
Fetronius  had  approved  it.  Thus  Tigellinus  became 
jealous  of  him  as  a  powerful  rival  through  his  skill  in 
entertaining,  and  addressing  himself  to  that  greatest  of 
Nero's  vices,  his  cruelty,  he  accused  Petronius  of  intimacy 
with  Scae\4nus.  He  bribed  a  slave  to  substantiate  the 
charge,  prevented  all  defence,  and  threw  a  large  part  of 
the  household  of  Petronius  into  prison.  Nero  happened 
at  that  time  to  be  on  his  way  to  Campania,  and  Petro- 
nius had  followed  him  as  far  as  Cumae,  where  he  was 
arrested.  He  decided  not  to  prolong  his  life  between 
hope  and  fear,  nor  to  put  an  immediate  end  to  it ; 
but  opening  his  veins  and  binding  them  repeatedly,  he 
conversed  with  his  friends,  not  on  serious  topics  or  such 
as  might  have  shown  his  firmness  of  spirit.     Nor  did  he 

1  Cf.  Pope,  Essay  on  Criticism  :  — 

*'  Fancy  and  art  in  gay  Petronius  please, 
The  scholar's  learning,  with  the  courtier's  ease." 

In  the  language  of  Ophelia  in  praise  of  Hamlet,  he  was  "  the  glass 
of  fashion  and  the  mould  of  form." 

The  cognomen  Arbiter  is  a  puzzle.  It  may  be  that  it  stuck  to  him, 
as  Mommsen  thinks  {Hermes,  xiii.  p.  107),  from  the  title  arbiter  ele- 
gantiae,  which  was  given  to  him  in  good-natured  jest  at  court.  "  On  the 
other  hand,  Biicheler  (Xeiies  Schiceizerische  Museum,  in.  p.  18)  holds," 
says  Schanz,  "  that  already  having  the  cognomen  Arbiter,  he  was  dubbed 
elegantiae  arbiter  by  his  fellows."  C/.  Schanz,  Rom.  Litt.  n.  2,  p. 
107  n. 


XXIV  INTRODUCTION. 

listen  to  any  discussion  on  the  immortality  of  the  soul 
or  to  the  wise  saws  of  philosophers,  but  only  to  frivolous 
songs  and  gay  verses.  To  some  of  his  slaves  he  gave 
largesses ;  others  he  directed  to  be  punished.  He  feasted 
and  slept,  that  his  death,  though  violent,  might  seem 
due  to  accident.  Nor,  as  most  men  do  when  so  situated, 
did  he  in  his  will  extol  Nero  or  Tigellinus  or  any  other  of 
those  in  power ;  but,  employing  names  of  rakes  and  dis- 
solute women,  he  described  the  Emperor's  crimes  and 
each  new  form  of  his  license,  sealed  the  account  and  sent 
it  to  Nero.^  He  broke  his  ring  also,  lest  it  be  used  forth- 
with for  some  mischief.  To  Nero,  wondering  how  the 
nature  of  his  nightly  ventures  was  discovered,  the  name 
of  Silia  was  suggested  as  the  informant,  a  woman  of  some 
notoriety  by  reason  of  her  marriage  with  a  senator ;  she 
knew  personally  of  all  the  Emperor's  excesses  and  was 
very  intimate  with  Petronius." 

This  work,  therefore,  which  bore  the  title  of  Satirae 
(Satyricon  in  the  manuscripts)  and  was  written  by  a  Pe- 
tronius,  and,  judging  from  a  study  of  its  contents,  most 
probably  belonged  to  the  middle  of  the  first  century  a.d., 
must  with  equal  probability  have  been  written  by  the 
Petronius  described  by  Tacitus,  who  belongs  to  this  same 
period,  if  ever  a  presumable  author  may  be  fairly  decided 
upon  from  the  writings  attributed  to  him. 

1  This  document,  which  set  down  in  black  and  white  the  crimes  of 
Nero,  should  not  be  identified  with  the  Satirae.  No  doubt  the  former 
was  unpleasantly  personal  and  destined  for  Nero  alone.  Besides,  Pe- 
tronius did  not  have  time  enough  to  compose  so  long  and  so  literary  a 
piece  of  work  as  the  entire  Satirae  must  have  been.  Studer  fell  into 
the  error  of  identifying  the  two ;  but  Ritter  set  the  matter  right  in  the 
same  volume  of  the  Rhein.  Mus.  pp.  561  ff.;  c/.  Peck,  Trimalchio's 
Dinner,  p.  49. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXV 

V.    The  Contents  of  the  Satirae. 

The  fragments  of  the  Satirae,  as  has  been  said,  are 
from  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  books.  They  begin 
with  a  scene  in  which  Encolpius  inveighs  against  the 
decline  of  oratory.  He  describes  the  affected  pathos, 
the  hollow  phrases  and  ranting  of  the  schools,  as  all 
wrong,  and  blames  the  teachers.  But  Agamemnon,  who 
is  himself  a  teacher,  puts  the  blame  upon  the  scholars 
and  parents,  whom  the  teachers  must  please  if  they 
would  not  keep  school  to  themselves.  During  this  dis- 
cussion, Ascyltus,  the  companion  of  Encolpius,  slips 
awav.  The  latter  decides  to  return  to  his  hotel,  but  is 
unable  to  find  it,  and  inquires  the  way  of  an  old  herb- 
woman;  she  conducts  him  to  a  house  of  questionable 
character,  where  to  his  surprise  Ascyltus  reappears. 
Together  they  return  to  their  quarters,  only  to  fall 
into  a  quarrel,  however,  over  the  young  Giton,  the 
special  pet  and  favorite  of  Encolpius.  After  a  short 
estrangement  and  separation,  they  renew  their  friend- 
ship and  appear  together  in  the  forum,  trying  to  dis- 
pose of  a  pallium.  While  doing  so,  they  discover  a 
countryman  with  a  tunic  which  they  had  themselves 
lost,  with  some  coins  sewed  up  in  it.  The  countryman 
and  his  wife  lay  claim  to  the  pallium,  which  they 
declare  had  been  stolen  from  them,  while  Encolpius  and 
his  friend,  in  turn,  recover  the  tunic.  They  are  next 
visited  by  a  certain  Quartilla,  whom  they  had  inter- 
rupted in  her  offerings  to  Priapus  and  must  satisfy  for 
the  wrong  thus  done  and  for  the  affliction  from  which 
she  is  suffering.  After  undergoing  various  punish- 
ments they  banquet  with  her  and  a  number  of   other 


XXVI  INTRODUCTION. 

guests ;  at  the  close,  all  fall  asleep.  Syrians,  in  the 
meantime,  enter  and  begin  to  make  off  with  the  silver. 
This,  however,  awakens  the  guests ;  a  cinaedus  enters, 
and  assaults  them.  This  scene  is  followed  by  the  cele- 
bration of  a  mock  marriage  between  Quartilla's  maid 
and  the  boy  Giton.     At  this  point  the  Cena  begins. 

With  Ascyltus  and  Giton,  Encolpius  goes  to  dine  at 
the  house  of  the  freedman  Trimalchio.  First  they 
take  the  baths,  and  find  there  the  old  gentleman  play- 
ing ball  (26-27).  Thence  they  follow  him  to  his  house. 
Filled  with  admiration  and  wonder  at  what  they  see 
upon  entering,  they  advance  to  the  triclinium  (28-31). 
They  take  their  places,  and  a  light  appetizer  is  served, 
Trimalchio  reclining  with  them,  but  continuing  a  game 
of  dice  which  he  had  begun  (31-33).  His  abilities  as 
a  host  are  praised ;  when  the  first  course,  with  wine, 
is  served,  he  urges  the  company  to  eat,  drink,  and  be 
merry  (34-36).  Encolpius  learns  from  one  of  the  guests 
somewhat  concerning  Trimalchio,  his  wife,  and  the  other 
guests  (37-38).  The  host  shows  his  knowledge  of  "  phil- 
ology," and  on  the  serving  of  the  second  course  excuses 
himself  from  the  company  (39-41).  In  his  absence  the 
conversation  becomes  free :  Dama  talks  about  the  weather; 
Seleucus,  about  a  funeral ;  Phileros,  about  the  deceased 
man  and  his  brother ;  Ganymedes,  about  the  scarcity  of 
provisions  caused  by  the  dishonesty  of  aediles  and  the 
impiety  of  man ;  Echion,  about  the  town  games,  the  can- 
didates for  the  aedileship,  learning,  and  the  education  of 
his  son  (41-46).  Trimalchio  returns,  and  directs  that  a 
pig  be  slain  and  prepared  forthwith  for  the  dinner;  after 
being  cooked,  it  is  drawn,  in  the  presence  of  the  guests. 
The  conversation  turns  upon  medicine,  rhetoric,  some  his- 


INTRODUCTION.  XVll 

torical  events,  and  the  craze  for  bric-a-brac  (47-52).    Half- 
seas  over,  the  host  undertakes  to  dance  the  cordax;  he 
listens  to  his  secretary's  account  of  the  day's  doings  on 
his  estates ;    while  watching  the  performances  of  some 
tumblers,  he  is  wounded  by  a  boy  who  falls  upon  his 
couch  (52-54).     He  composes  an  epigram  upon  this  acci- 
dent, and,  talking  about  poets,  compares  Cicero  and  Syrus, 
learning  with  technical  skill,  oxen  with  bees,  until  the 
bonbons  are   distributed   (55-56).      Hermeros,   a  fellow 
freedman  of  Trimalchio's,  discovers  Giton  and  Ascyltus 
laughing  at  this,  and  takes  them  to  task  (57-58).    Actors 
of  Homeric  scenes  enter,  and  one  of  them,  impersonating 
the  mad   Ajax,  cuts  to  pieces  some  boiled  veal.     Fruit 
and  flasks  of  ointment  are  distributed;  honor  is  paid  to 
the  gods   (59-60).      Xiceros  tells  a  story  of   a   soldier 
who  changed  into  a  wolf,  and  Trimalchio  one  about  the 
witches  and  the  touch  of  the  evil  hand  (61-63).     Tri- 
malchio becomes  effusive  toward  one  of  his  friends,  his 
pet  boy,  his  house  dog,  and  his  slaves  (64).     While  fur- 
ther delicacies  are  served,  the  festive  Habinnas  enters 
with   his   wife    Scintilla,  and    describes    a   dinner   from 
which  he  has  just  come ;    he   insists   that  Trimalchio's 
wife,  Fprtuuata,  join  them ;    and  while   she  is  talking 
with  Scintilla   about   her  jewels,  he   lifts   her  feet   up 
from  the  couch  upon  which  she  was  reclining  (65-67). 
A  side  dish  is  finally  served ;   the  attendant  of  Habin- 
nas furnishes  some  vocal  performances;   the  guests  are 
anointed ;    slaves  are  admitted  into  the  room.     Trimal- 
chio   brings    tears   to    his    household    by    reciting    his 
will    (68-71).      He   takes   a  bath   to   recover   from   his 
drunken  condition,   and  renews   festivities  in  a  second 
triclinium  (72-74).      He   falls   to   quarrelling  with   his 


XXVIU  INTRODUCTION. 

wife,  and  talks  of  his  past  history,  his  home,  his  suc- 
cesses, and  his  expectations.  Finally,  he  orders  the 
trumpeters  to  strike  up  for  him  the  funeral  measure ; 
hereupon  great  tumult  ensues,  during  which  Encolpius 
escapes  with  Giton  and  Ascyltus  (75-78).  Here  the 
Cena  ends. 

Encolpius  returns  home,  and  during  the  night  loses 
Giton,  who  was  carried  olf  by  Ascyltus.  This  leads  to 
a  rupture  in  their  friendship.  Giton  decides  to  share 
the  fortunes  of  Ascyltus,  to  the  great  grief  of  Encol- 
pius, who  in  his  frenzy  plans  the  murder  of  Ascyltus. 
He  is  brought  to  his  right  senses  by  a  soldier,  however, 
and  lays  aside  his  sword.  He  strays  into  a  picture 
gallery,  and,  while  consoling  himself  with  pictures  of 
amorous  scenes,  he  is  accosted  by  the  poet  Eumolpus, 
who  apologizes  for  his  poverty  stricken  estate  by  his 
devotion  to  the  Muses.  After  Encolpius  is  regaled  by 
the  account  Eumolpus  gives  of  some  incidents  of  his 
life  at  Pergamus,  he  asks  why  painting  and  other  arts 
have  declined ;  his  companion  blames  the  mercantile 
spirit  of  the  times,  and  interprets  in  tragic  verse  a 
picture  representing  the  fall  of  Troy.  A  shower  of 
stones  from  the  bystanders  drives  the  tedious  Eumolpus 
away.  At  the  baths,  Encolpius  finds  Giton  and  takes 
him  to  his  quarters,  while  Ascyltus,  hunting  for  Giton, 
who  had  taken  charge  of  his  clothes,  is  befriended  by 
a  E-oman  knight.  Eumolpus  joins  Encolpius  in  his 
rooms  and  proceeds  to  compose  more  verse,  but  is 
checked  by  the  latter,  though  admired  by  Giton.  The 
poet  confesses  his  love  for  the  boy  and  is  promptly 
driven  out  by  Encolpius,  who  is,  however,  neatly  locked 
in  his  room  by  the  fleeing  poet.     Filled  with  rage  and 


INTR0DUCT10:S.  XXIX 

with  fear  for  Giton,  who  had  gone  out  a  few  moments 
before,  Encolpius  is  about  to  hang  liimself,  when  the 
two  return,  and  the  coaxings  of  Giton  recall  his  master 
to  his  senses.  Another  guest  comes  in,  to  complain  of 
the  tumult;  a  quarrel  ensues,  in  which  the  poet,  who 
has  ousted  and  pursued  the  intruder,  is  in  turn  soundly 
beaten  —  a  feast  to  the  eyes  of  Encolpius  —  till  the 
landlord  brings  him  aid.  Ascyltus  now  comes  in  with 
a  crier,  seeking  Giton,  who  hides  beneath  the  mattress 
and  eludes  them.  Eumolpus,  however,  returns  and 
threatens  to  reveal  his  whereabouts,  but,  between  the 
kisses  of  Giton  and  the  tears  of  Encolpius,  is  induced 
to  keep  quiet.  Good  will  now  prevails,  and  the  three 
take  ship  for  some  port  unknown. 

Here  Encolpius  discovers  that  he  has  fallen  among 
old  enemies,  —  Lichas,  the  master  of  the  ship,  and  Try- 
phaena.  They  plan  to  escape  from  their  danger,  and 
decide  that  Eumolpus  shall  pretend  that  the  other  two, 
with  shaven  heads  and  branded  foreheads,  are  his  run- 
away slaves.  Warned  by  a  dream  and  the  information 
of  a  passenger  who  was  stricken  with  terror  on  seeing 
the  men  shaving  on  shipboard,  Lichas  and  Tryphaena 
order  the  offenders  to  be  dragged  out  and  beaten;  Giton 
is  recognized  by  the  one,  Encolpius  by  the  other.  Both 
Tryphaena  and  Eumolpus  try  to  secure  their  pardon ; 
their  efforts  end  in  a  quarrel,  which  is  settled  by  the 
appeals  of  the  pilot.  A  truce  is  declared,  and  har- 
mony restored  with  plenty  of  good  eating  and  drinking. 
Eumolpus  recites  some  verses  apropos  of  his  baldheaded 
slaves,  whose  appearance  is  somewhat  restored  by  the 
aid  of  false  curls.  Eumolpus  satirizes  woman's  fickle- 
ness  also,  and   tells   the   story  of   a  certain  widow  of 


XXX  INTRODUCTION. 

Ephesus.  While  they  are  thus  beguiling  the  time,  and 
love  is  making  merry  among  them,  the  sea  rises ;  Lichas 
is  drowned,  Tryphaena  is  placed  in  a  boat,  while  Giton 
and  Encolpius  embrace  each  other  and  commit  them- 
selves to  the  waves.  They  are  saved  from  death,  and 
drag  Eumolpus  to  land;  they  bewail  the  unhappy  end 
of  Lichas,  and  perform  the  rites  due  to  his  body. 

They  now  make  their  way  to  a  city  not  far  distant, 
which  turns  out  to  be  Crotona,  notorious  for  its  legacy 
hunters.  They  propose  to  take  advantage  of  this  repu- 
tation of  the  town  and,  by  pretending  to  have  large 
estates  in  Africa,  to  deceive  the  inhabitants  and  re- 
habilitate their  fortunes.  They  install  Eumolpus  as 
their  master,  and  swear  devotion  to  him.  En  route, 
Eumolpus  delivers  himself  of  a  poem  of  considerable 
length,  "  On  the  Civil  War,"  as  the  model  for  an  author 
who  treats  history  in  verse.  They  enter  Crotona;  their 
scheme  succeeds.  Encolpius,  under  the  assumed  name 
Polyaenos,  is  caught  in  the  meshes  of  the  fair  Circe. 
He  offends  her  by  his  coolness,  and  to  her  letter  of 
complaint  sends  her  a  reply  excusing  himself.  Again 
he  sees  her ;  again  his  coolness,  with  which  even  he 
himself  is  offended  on  returning  home.  He  seeks 
relief  at  a  temple  of  Priapus,  and  begins  to  be  him- 
self once  more  by  the  help  of  the  priestess  Oenothea; 
from  whose  tedious  cure  he,  however,  flees.  Finally, 
a  mother  commends  her  sons  to  Eumolpus  as  his  heirs ; 
but  in  his  will  he  has  ordered  candidates  for  his  fortune 
to  consume  the  body  of  the  testator. 

Erom  this  rapid  survey  of  the  fragments  of  the  Satirae 
it  may  easily  be  seen  what  the  nature  of  the  entire  work 
must  have  been,  what  a  wild  succession  of  adventures  it 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXI 

contained,  and,  as  has  been  said  above,  how  greatly  it 
differed  from  the  modern  novels  of  character  study. 
It  is  not  unlike  the  novels  of  that  school  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century  to  which  Fielding  and  Smollett  belong, 
nor,  except  for  coarseness  in  a  considerable  number  of 
the  fragments,  does  it  greatly  differ  from  those  rapid 
and  absorbing  chapters  in  such  tales  of  Stevenson,  as 
Treasure  Island,  Kidnapped,  and  Tlie  Dynamiter} 

1  It  is  tempting  to  conjecture  what  the  size  of  the  original  and  com- 
plete Satirae  was,  in  comparison  with  the  excerpted  edition  which  has 
come  down  to  us ;  cf.  Burger,  Derantike  Roman  vor  Petronius ;  Hermes, 
xxvii.  1892,  p.  347,  note:  "It  is  not  noted  with  sufficient  care  that 
what  we  have  of  Petronius  comprises  only  excerpts  from  two  and  pos- 
sibly three  books,  and  very  short  excerpts  at  that.  Their  relation  to 
the  original  in  size  may  be  judged  by  comparing  the  only  fairly  com- 
plete section  preserved  —  namely,  the  Cena  Trimalchionis,  as  contained 
in  the  Trau  Ms.  —  with  the  remaining  excerpts.  Of  the  thirty-four 
pages  which  this  covers  in  Biicheler's  text,  only  six  have  the  parallel 
excerpts  found  in  Scaliger's  copy.  That  is,  the  Trau  Ms.  and  Scaliger's 
copy  agree  for  only  one-sixth  of  the  entire  Cena  ;  the  remaining  twenty- 
four  pages  have  scarcely  a  single  excerpt  by  Scaliger.  That  the  original 
excerptor  cut  Petronius  as  badly  as  Scaliger  cut  his  original  cannot 
be  said ;  yet  his  method  was  the  same.  Whenever  he  decided  to  in- 
clude in  his  abridgment  any  particular  section  of  Petronius,  he  began 
liberally ;  then  his  excerpts  came  to  be  fewer  and  shorter  very  rapidly. 
Cf.  the  narratives  in  chaps.  16-21  and  110-113.  These  are  instances 
of  those  inserted  scenes  of  which  Petronius  was  fond  and  which  he 
worked  up  with  some  fulness,  while  the  later  excerptor  ruthlessly  and 
with  good  conscience  cut  out  five-sixths  of  their  contents.  If  there 
were  originally  seventeen  books  of  the  Satirae,  and  if  we  make  the 
reasonable  assumption  that  the  Cena  is  in  size  equal  to  about  one  of 
them,  the  complete  original  must  have  numbered  about  600  pages, 
attaining  a  length  which  equalled  the  novels  of  Cervantes  and  Lesage, 
if  it  did  not  actually  surpass  them." 

Cf.  Macrobius,  Somn.  Scipionis,  i.  2,  8:  "  auditum  mulcent  velut 
comoedlae,  quales  Menander  eiusve  imitatores  agendas  dederunt,  vel 
argumenta  fictis  casibus  amatorum  referta,  quibus  vel  multum  Arbiter 
se  exercuit  vel  Apuleiura  nonnunquam  lusisse  miramur."    This  implies 


XXXll  INTRODUCTION. 

VI.    Peculiarities  in  the  Language  and  Style  of 

THE    CeNA    TrIMALCHIONIS. 

In  the  account  of  Trimalchio's  Dinner,  Petronius  speaks 
not  only  in  his  own  person,  through  Encolpius,  employ- 
ing the  pure  language  and  style  natural  to  him  as  one 
of  the  best  writers  of  Silver  Latin  and  as  an  arbiter  ele- 
gantiae,  but  also  in  the  extremely  different  character  of 
the  illiterate  nouveau  riche.  We  have,  therefore,  in  the 
conversation  at  Trimalchio's  table,  very  characteristic 
specimens  of  both  the  Sermo  Urbanus  and  the  Sermo 
Plebeius  in  the  time  of  the  early  emperors. 

VOWEL  AND   CONSONANT   CHANGES. 

A.    Interchange  of  Vo"wels. 

1.  i  occurs  in  place  of  e  in  the  final  syll.  nom.  s. 
3d  decl.  in  the  Sermo  Plebeius,  as  volpis  uda,  58,  35,  for 

that  Petronius 's  novel  was  much  more  extensive  than  the  same  work  of 
Apuleius ;  since  the  Metamorphoses  of  the  latter  is  itself  no  small  work, 
it  may  be  judged  how  large  indeed  must  have  been  the  original  Satirae 
of  Petronius. 

In  Hermes,  xxxiv.  1899,  p.  495,  n.,  Heinze  {Petron  und  der  griech- 
ische  Roman)  comes  at  the  matter  a  little  differently.  He  thinks 
that  in  the  process  of  excerption  only  about  one-third  was  cut  out. 
If,  with  the  rather  doubtful  authorities  we  have,  we  assume  that 
the  excerpts  of  book  XV  begin  at  chap.  26,  and  divide  the  remainder 
through  chap.  141  (or  the  ninety  pages  which  these  cover)  into  two  parts, 
assigning  them  respectively  to  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  books,  we 
have  forty-five  pages  for  each,  representing  two-thirds  of  the  original. 
That  is,  each  book  in  complete  form  would  have  filled  about  fifty-five 
printed  pages.  The  original  sixteen  would  then  have  filled  880  pages, 
—  a  gigantic  affair.  But  the  matter  will  not  be  so  bad  if  we  assume,  as 
there  is  some  ground  for  doing,  that  the  excerpts  extend  through  four 
books  of  the  original.  Even  that,  however,  makes  the  original  novel  very 
long  —  longer  than  the  longest  Greek  novel,  which  Heliodorus  wrote. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXlll 

vulpes  uda;   so  Odyssian  for  Odyssean,  29,  21 ;   cf.  Varro, 
Menippeae,  60  (ed.  Biich.  p.  1G8). 

2.  u  occurs  in  place  of  t,  as  dupunduarius,  58,  19,  for 
dupundiarius ;  ipsumam,  69,  9  ;  peduduni,  57,  26  ;  ossucula, 
65,  27. 

w-  also  occurs  for  o  in  dupunduarius,  58,  19  (c/.  74,  38), 
for  dupondiarius. 

3.  0  occurs  in  place  of  u,  as  in  /ioc  illoc,  39,  23 ;  is^oc, 
57,  40 ;  cf .  plovebat,  44,  40. 

o  occurs  for  a  in  percolopahant,  44,  11,  for  percolapa- 
hant;  for  a?z  in  oi^cukifies,  43,  17 ;  codex,  74,  35 ;  plodo, 
45,  42;   copo,  39,  30  and  61,  14;    in  98,  however,  Petr.       '.  o^ 
uses  caupo  in  the  serm.  urbajius. 

B.  Syncope  of  Vowels.     Epenthesis. 

1.  Unaccented  l  is  dropped,  as  in  caldus,  used  through- 
out by  Petr.  except  in  one  fragment,  for  calidus;  so  cal- 
facio,  41,  27 ;  caldicerebrius,  45,  10. 

2.  -es  is  syncopated  to  -s  in  the  nom.  s.  3d  decl.  in 
stips  for  stipes,  43,  14. 

3.  Unaccented  u  may  disappear,  as  in  cardelis,  46,  14, 
for  carduelis;  oclopetam,  35,  11,  for  oculopetam ;  so  j^edw- 
clum,  57,  26 ;  rididei,  57,  27 ;  bublum,  44,  23 ;  q//fa,  56,  18. 

4.  Epenthesis  occurs  in  fericulus,  39,  11  and  68,  6,  for 
fei'cnlum;  cf.  i-e^i^o,  47,  13  and  53,  16,  for  veto. 

C.  Consonants. 

1.  Loss  of  aspiration  occurs,  as  in  percolopabant,  44, 11, 
for  -colaphabant ;  so  berbex,  57,  4,  a  reading  for  vervex; 
tisicus,  64,  11,  for  phthisicus. 

2.  In  Greek  words,  initial  t,  becomes  s,  as  saplutus,  37, 
10 ;  sacritus,  63,  7,  =  StaKpiro?,  8ux-  having  passed  into  a 
2  sound,  as  in  Aeolic  Greek. 


Ju 


XXXIV  INTRODUCTION. 

3.  r  may  be  wrongly  inserted  near  a  dental,  if  credrae 
and  culcitra,  38,  2  and  10,  are  correct  readings  for  cedrae 
and  culcita. 

4.  On  the  other  hand,  r  may  disappear,  as  in  susutti^ 
77,  12,  =  sursum. 

VOCABULARY.     WORD  FORMATION. 

A.  Greek  Words.  These  abound  throughout  the  Sati- 
rae,  since  the  characters  are  Greek  and  the  action  takes 
place  in  a  number  of  Greek  towns.  In  this  regard, 
Petronius  strongly  suggests  Plautus  and  Terence.  Cf. 
the  Index,  under  Greek  Words. 

B.  Diminutives.  As  in  Cicero's  Letters  and  in  the 
comic  poets,  diminutives  are  numerous  in  Petronius  on 
account  of  their  expressiveness.  They  occur  in  the 
Sermo  Urbanus  as  well  as  in  the  Sermo  Plebeius.  Cf. 
the  Index,  under  Dimiiniitive  Nouns. 

C.  Derivative  and  Compounds.  The  plebeian  fond- 
ness for  "  effective  long  words,  whether  derivatives  or 
compounds,"  may  be  traced  to  some  extent  in  Petr., 
although  not  so  evident  here  as  in  the  comic  poets, 
Apuleius  or  Lucian. 

1.  -monium  :  tristimonium,  63,  9 ;  gaudimonium,  61,  7 ; 
for  tristitia,  gaudium. 

2.  (a)  -ax :  abstinax,  42,  10 ;  nugax,  52,  13  ;  (h)  -arius  : 
pullarius,  oricidarius,  43, 27  and  17 ;  so  sestertiarius,  dnpun- 
duarius,  micarius,  caligarius;  (c)  -osus  :  ccdcitrosus,  39, 18 ; 
dignitossus,  57,  36 ;  linguosus,  43,  9  ;  (d)  -ivus :  dbsentivos, 
33,  2 ;  -bundus  :  cantahundus,  62,  7. 

3.  Adverbs  in  -m,  -iter :  urceatim,  44,  39 ;  largiter,  71, 


r 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXV 

21 ;  corporaliter,  61, 16.     Suaviter  in  the  combination  s?/a- 
viter  esse  or  facer e  occurs  four  times. 

4.  (a)  Verbs,  intensive,  inchoative,  and  desiderative  in 
form,  occur,  as  adiutare,  62,  23 ;  amplexare,  63,  21 ;  dictare, 
45,  39 ;  frunisci,  43,  19,  44,  34,  75,  6 ;  exopinissare,  62,  34 ; 
canturii'e,  64,  7.  (b)  Denominatives  occur,  as  aginare,  61, 
22 ;  ajjocidare,  62,  5,  67,  5 ;  argutare,  46,  2,  57,  28  ;  convi- 
vare,  57,  6 ;  cidare,  38,  4 ;  so  decoUare,  improperare,  man- 
ducare,  molestare,  7iaufragare,  percolopare. 

5.  Here  belongs  an  extensive  list  of  part.  adj.  in  -atuSy 
as  expudoratus,  39,  15  j  cf.  the  Index,  under  -atus. 

INFLECTION. 

A.  Declension. 

1.  The  following  Greek  nouns  in  -/xa  of  the  3d  decl. 
appear  as  of  the  1st :  schema,  44, 16 ;  stigma,  45,  28 ;  69,  4. 

2.  The  neut.  intestina  appears  as  a  fem.  of  the  1st  decl., 
76,  28. 

3.  Nouns  of  the  1st  decl.  appear  as  of  the  2d,  as  sta- 
tunculum,  50,  17 ;  m,argaritum,  63,  7 ;  quisquilia,  75,  19 ; 
seplasium,  76,  14. 

4.  The  2d  decl.  forms,  vasus  and  vasum,  occur  in  57,  29 
and  51,  6,  for  vas;  cf.  pauperorum,  46,  4. 

B.  Case  Forms.  Irregularities  are  found,  as  hovis,  62, 
31,  for  bos;  lovis,  47,  11;  58,  7,  for  Iiijypiter;  sanguen, 
59,  4,  for  sanguis;  lacte,  38,  2,  for  Zac;  excellente,  45,  8; 
66,  9,  for  excellens;  Phileronem,  46,  29,  for  Philerotem; 
Niceronem,  63,  2,  for  Nicerotem;  diibus,  44,  35,  for  diis. 

C.  Case  Forms  and  Gender.     Irregularities  occur  — 

1.  In  the  use  of  the  masculine  for  the  neuter,  as  bal- 
neus,  41,  27 ;    balniscus,  42,  2 ;   caelus,  39,  11  and  45,  6 ; 


XXXVl  INTRODUCTION. 

fatus,  42, 13,  c/.  note ;  71, 3 ;  77,  8 ;  so  candelabrits,fericulus, 
lasanus,  lorus,  reticulus,  vasus,  vinus,  lactem. 

2.  The  converse  occurs  in  liby-a  rubricata,  46,  22 ;  nervia 
praecisa,  45,  38 ;  thesaurimi,  46,  32. 

D.  Ipsimus.  The  superlative  of  ipse  occurs  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  dominus  mens,  as  ipsimi,  75,  27 ;  cf .  ipsumam, 
69,  9  and  75,  29. 

E.  Irregularities  in  Conjugation. 

1.  In  forms,  as  vinciturum,  45,  33,  for  vicUirum;  do- 
mata,  74,  37,  for  domita;  mavoluit,  77,  15,  for  maluit; 
parsero,  58,  17,  fov  pepercero;  faciantur,  71,  32,  foTjiant; 
farsi,  69,  20,  for  farti ;  so  fefellitus  sum,  for  falsus  sum. 

2.  In  change  of  conj.,  as  defraudit,  69,  5,  for  defraudat. 

3.  In  change  of  voice,  (a)  to  the  active  form,  as  am- 
plexaret,  63,  21 ;  argutat,  46,  2 ;  argutas,  57,  28  ;  convivare, 
57,  6 ;  exhortavit,  76,  24 ;  (6)  to  the  passive  form,  as 
detector,  45,  19  and  64,  6 ;  fastiditum,  48,  10 ;    rideatur, 

57,  9;   somniatur,  74,  36;  pudeatur,  47,  9. 

SYNTAX. 

A.  Cases.  The  accus.  encroaches  upon  the  dat.  and 
abl.,  as  te  persuadeam,  46,  6  ;  so  62,  2 ;  maiorem  maledicas, 

58,  41 ;  aedites  mate  eveniat,  44,  5 ;  ?neos  fruniscar,  44,  34 ; 
quod  frunitus  est,  43,  19;  c/i  75,  6. 

B.  Pronouns.  The  nom.  tu  is  occasionally  used  with 
apparent  redundancy,  as  when  a  speaker  addresses  some 
one  of  the  guests  very  pointedly ;  so  in  the  comic  poets. 
Cf.  tu  dominam  .  .  .  fecisti,  etc.,  77,  2-5 ;  ?>o  tu  .  .  .  laho- 
riosus  es,  etc.,  57,  25-30.  With  this  cf.  the  use  of  ego,  in 
ego  me  apoculo,  67,  5 ;  damnavi  ego,  41,  9 ;  sedeo  ego,  62,  7. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXVU 

C.  Adverbs.  Occasionally  they  take  the  place  of  pred, 
adjectives,  as  aeque  est  ac  si,  42,  19 ;  belle  erit,  46,  8 ;  sole- 
bas  suavius  esse,  61,  3;  tarn  fui  quam  vos,  75,  17;  so  sit 
vinearum  largiter,  71,  21.  Desperatum  is  used  as  insanum 
in  Plautus  in  desperatum  valde  ingeniosus,  68,  21. 

Negatives  are  repeated  for  vividness,  as  neminem  nihil 
boni  facere  oportet,  42,  18 ;  nee  sursum  nee  deorsum  non 
cresco,  58,  15 ;  so  in  76,  4.  The  appearance  of  this  usage 
in  the  Cena  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  the  speakers 
who  employ  it  are  of  Greek  origin. 

D.  Conjunctions. 

1.  Et  may  be  used  redundantly,  as  in  caseum  et  sapam 
et  cochleas,  etc.,  66,  20.  It  adds  a  summarizing  notion  to 
several  which  precede,  as  aqua  lasani  et  cetera  minutalia, 
47, 15  ;  of.  47,  29  and  74,  23.  Occasionally,  in  lively  talk, 
et  stands  for  tamen  or  sed,  as,  45,  42,  munus  tamen,  inquit, 
tibi  dedi  .  .  .  et  ego  tibi  plodo ;  so  in  57,  14.  Sometimes 
it  is  strengthened  by  ecce,  as  in  40,  8,  et  ecce  canes  Laco- 
nici;  so  in  45,  8.  It  may  have  the  force  of  et  quidem, 
as  in  39,  13,  41,  26,  or  51,  24.  In  74,  18,  et  quidem  is 
found,  followed  by  hi  autem,  suggesting  the  contrast  ot 
fxkv  .  .  .  ot  SI  On  the  omission  of  et  see  p.  xlii,  under 
Asyndeton. 

2.  Que  and  atque  do  not  occur-  in  the  Sermo  Plebeius  in 
Petr. ;  ac  is  found  but  once,  and  then  as  a  comparative. 
At  is  used  for  autem;  once  it  is  strengthened  by  contra. 
It  contrasts  persons,  as  at  ille;  at  ilia;  at  ego  =  6  8e,  17 
Se,  cyo)  Se.  Three  times  at  non  occurs  in  a  kind  of  mock 
seriousness,  as  49,  20,  at  non  ita  Trimalchio. 

3.  Quia  is  found  strengthened  by  enim,  in  order  to 
make  assurance  doubly  sure,  as  51,  11,  quia  enim  .  .  . 


XXXVIU  INTRODUCTION. 

aurum  pro  Into  haberemus.     It  has  here  its  original  cor- 
roborative force. 

E.  Prepositions.  Prepositions  are  used  with  occasional 
irregularity :  — 

1.  Sometimes  they  are  omitted,  as  Africam  ire,  48,  7 ; 
cultros  Norico  ferro  =  cultros  ex  Norico  ferro,  70,  8. 

2.  Prae  occurs  with  the  accusative  in  prae  mala  sua, 
39,  29 ;  prae  litteras,  46,  5. 

3.  In  occurs  with  the  accusative  for  the  ablative  in 
fui  in  funus,  that  is,  contuli  me  in  funus  et  adfui,  42,  5 ; 
videbo  te  in  publicum,  58,  14. 

4.  Conversely,  the  ablative  occurs  for  the  accusative  in 
voca  cocum  in  medio,  49,  8;  possibly  in  in  balneo  sequi, 
26,  11. 

5.  So  for  as  for  /oris  in  foras  cenat,  30,  12 ;  foras  est 
vulpes,  44,  31. 

SPECIAL  PECULIARITIES   OF   STYLE. 

A.  Proverbs.  Proverbs  and  popular  forms  of  expres- 
sion, "  as  vehicles  of  everyday  feeling,  experience,  and 
wisdom,"  are  frequent,  as  in  the  comic  poets  and  Varro. 
Cf.  the  Index,  under  Proverbs. 

B.  Comparisons.  These  are  common,  as  a  popular  and 
natural  form  of  picturesque  characterization.  Cf.  udi  tam- 
quam  mures,  44,  41 ;  so  orbis  vertitur  tamquam  mola  et 
terra  bona  omnia  in  se  habet  tamquam  favus.  In  these 
comparisons,  tamquam  (sometimes  tamquam  si)  is  used. 
Cf,  the  Index,  under  Tamquam.  Tamquam  is  omitted 
when  the  comparison  becomes  an  equation,  as  phantasia 
non  homo,  38,  32. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXIX 

C.  Alliteration.      Paronomasia. 

1.  Alliteration,  common  in  the  older  language  and  in 
the  Menippean  Satires  of  Varro,  occurs  in  the  conversation 
of  the  Cena.     Cf.  the  Index,  under  Alliterations. 

2.  Paronomasia  is  seen  (a)  in  repetition  of  words  of 
the  same  form  (epizeuxis),  as  moclo  modo,  37,  5 ;  Glyco 
Glyco,  45,  27;  quid?  quid?  voca  voca,  49,  6  and  8;  so 
vero  vero ;  babae  babae ;  mi  au.  (b)  in  the  repetition  of  a 
word  in  a  different  form,  as  homo  inter  homines,  39,  9, 
57,  17,  74,  33;  amicus  amico,  43,  10,  44,  14;  nummorum 
nummos,  37,  15;  so  moiiuus  ino  moHuo;  olim  oliorum. 

D.  Oaths  and  Asseverations.  These  are  common,  even 
in  ordinary  speech,  strengthening  any  statement,  of  how- 
ever slight  importance.  They  occur  in  the  comic  poets 
and  inscriptions. 

1.  Mehercules,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  Index,  is  used 
frequently. 

2.  Ita  (sic)  followed  by  ut  or  an  impv.  is  used  when  the 
speaker  expresses  his  desire  or  belief  as  proportionate  to 
the  thought  or  hope  expressed  in  the  clause  introduced 
by  ita  or  sic,  as  ita  meos  fruniscar,  ut  puto,  44,  34,  lit.  *  so 
may  I  enjoy  in  proportion  as  I  think,'  i.e.  '  I  just  as 
surely  think  as  I  hope  to  enjoy,'  or  'may  I  never  enjoy  if 
I  don't  think.' 

3.  The  genius  of  a  man  is  frequently  appealed  to  in 
strong  statements.  This  custom  grew  up  in  the  Augustan 
Age,  and  was  first  extended  to  appeals  made  to  or  by  the 
sacred  person  of  the  Emperor ;  subsequently  persons  swore 
per  genium  of  any  individual  whom  they  held  in  peculiar 
esteem ;  even  a  parasite  came  to  call  his  lordly  friend  his 
genius.     In  Petr.  only  libeHini  employ  this  form  of  oath. 


Xl  INTRODUCTION. 

as  in  genios  vestros  iratos  habeam,  62,  35 ;  ita  genium  meum 
propitium  habeam,  74,  36. 

E.    Uses  of  Certain  Words. 

1.  Facio :  cf .  fecit  Caesarem  reporrigere,  51,  3,  =  effecit 
ut  Caesar  reporrigeret ;  also  servi  ad  se  fecerunt,  38,  26,  = 
servi  sibi  ademerunt ;  also  sibi  suaviter  facere,  71,  33,  = 
sibi  consulere  ;  also  fecit  assem,  61, 18,  =  sibi  paravit  assem  ; 
also  barbatoriain  fecit,  73,  2^,  =  b.  celebravit;  also  gallum 
.  .  .  rustici  faciunt,  47,  29,  =  g.  r.  in  cenam  coquunt;  also 
coactus  est  facere,  45,  22,  =  c.  e.  coire;  also  siquis  voluerit 
sua  re  facere,  47,  8,  where  the  reference  is  to  necessitates 
natiirales. 

2.  Coepi :  this  occurs  regularly  with  either  voice  of  the 
infin.,  which  either  indicates  motion  or  denotes  some  state 
of  the  mind.  It  is  a  periphrasis  for  the  imperf.  of  narra- 
tion with  emphasis  on  the  beginning  of  the  act,  with  the 
added  sense  of  '  proceeding ' ;  its  most  remarkable  use 
in  the  Cena  is  with  velle  followed  by  a  second  infin,,  as 
iam  coeperat  Fortunata  velle  saltare,  70,  26. 

3.  Notare  occurs  in  the  sense  of  animadvertere,  a  usage 
also  found  in  Cicero,  Valerius  Flaccus,  and  Gellius,  but 
more  rarely  than  in  Petr.  Cf.  certe  ego  notavi  super  me 
positum  cocum,  70,  31 ;  notavi  etiam  gregem  cursorum  se 
exercentem,  29,  14. 

4.  Moms  in  the  sense  of  '  outright,'  '  plain,'  as  inei'o 
meridie,  37,  8 ;  fugae  merae,  45,  41 ;  tricae  merae,  53,  29 ; 
so  hilaria  mera;  mera  mapalia. 

5.  Ad  summam  occurs  abundantly.  It  occurs  ten  times 
in  the  conversation  of  the  freedmen,  fifteen  times  else- 
where, when  Encolpius  quotes  his  own  or  another's  words, 
but  not  in  the  purely  narrative  portions.     It  is,  therefore. 


INTRODUCTION.  xli 

a  conversational  phrase.  Cf.  ad  summam  quemvis  ex  istis 
babaecalis  in  Tittae  folium  coniciet,  37,  37 ;  ad  summam 
siquid  vis,  ego  et  tu  sponsiuncidam ;  exi,  defero  lamnam, 
58,  24.     It  is  frequent  in  Seneca  and  occurs  in  Horace. 

6.  Plane  occurs  as  a  strong  asseverative  particle,  in 
the  sense  of  'there  is  no  doubt  that,'  as  in  plane  fortunae 
filius,  43,  20;  plane  fugae  merae,  45,  41;  plane  qualis 
dominus  talis  et  servus,  58,  12.  So  in  Cic.  Att.  11,  11,  1, 
narro  tihi  plane  relegatus  mihi  videor  posteaquam  in  For- 
miano  sum. 

P.  Parataxis.  Parataxis  is  common  throughout  the 
animated  conversation  of  the  Cena.  It  occurs  between 
independent  sentences,  where  autem  or  igitur  or  quam- 
quam  might  have  been  expected.  It  extends  even  fur- 
ther than  this,  so  that  where  an  infinitive  or  subjunctive 
should  occur  in  a  dependent  clause,  an  indicative  is  used. 
This  construction  is  found  after  credo,  puto,  scio,  spero, 
fateor,  video,  oro,  quaeso,  dico,  rogo,  narro.  Compare  such 
instances  as  et  puto  cum  vicensimariis  magnam  mantissam 
habet,  65,  25 ;  scitis  magna  navis  magnam  fortitudinem  ha- 
bet,  76, 13 ;  spero  tamen  iam  veterem  pudorem  sibi  imponet, 
47,  6. 

Rogo,  in  particular,  is  followed  by  paratactic  construc- 
tions ;  either  —  as  in  Plautus,  and  less  frequently  in  Ter- 
ence—  by  the  indicative,  as  in  rogo  me  jmtatis  ilia  cena  esse 
contentum  ?  39, 5 ;  rogo,  inquit,  numquid  duodecim  aerumnas 
Herculis  tenes?  48,  20 ;  or  by  the  imperative,  so  that  it  has 
the  parenthetic  force  of  '  I  beg  you,'  as  sed  narra  tu  mihi, 
fxai,  rogo,  Fortunata  quare  non  recumbit  ?  67, 1.  Frequently 
it  is  placed  first  in  a  sentence,  somewhat  like  an  interjec- 
tion, in  order  to  draw  attention,  as  in  rogo,  vos,  oportet  ere- 


xlii  INTRODUCTION. 

datis,  63,  25;  rogo,  Hdbinna,  sic  peculium  tuum  fruniscaris  ; 
siquid  perperam  feci,  in  faciem  meam  inspue,  75,  6. 

With  the  use  of  the  indie,  after  rogo  compare  the  simi- 
lar use  after  narra,  as  in  sed  narra  tu  mihi,  Agamemnon, 
quam  controversiam  hodie  declamasti?  48,  8. 

G.  Asyndeton.  Analogous  to  parataxis,  in  careless 
conversation,  is  asyndeton,  or  the  omission  of  connect- 
ing particles. 

1.  Asyndeton  within  a  Sentence. 

This  is  found  in  early  literature  as  well  as  in  inscrip- 
tions. Petr.  has  it  after  verbs  of  commanding,  advising, 
warning,  and  the  like.  Typical  illustrations  occur  in  sua- 
deo  non  patiaris,  74,  40 ;  curabo  lovis  iratus  sit,  58,  7 ;  die 
et  Menophilae  disciimbat,  70,  29 ;  cave  contemrias,  38,  12 ; 
rogamus  mittas  (in  the  serm.  urbanus),  49,  14 ;  volo  sint, 
71,  20 ;  nolo  ponas,  74,  45.  In  38,  30,  we  have  an  exam- 
ple of  the  omission  of  et:  solebat  sic  cenare,  quomodo  rex; 
apros  gausapatos,  opei^a  pistoria,  avis,  cocos,  p)istores.  So 
itaque  quisquis  nascitur  illo  signo,  multa  pecora  habet,  mid- 
tum  lanae,  caput  praeterea  durum,  frontem  expudoratam, 
cornum  acutum,  39,  13.  Gf.  38,  2,  where  et  is  omitted 
between  a  number  of  appositives  :  omnia  domi  nascuntur; 
lana,  credrae,  piper,  lacte  gallinaceum,  si  quaesiris,  invenies. 

2.  (a)  A  lack  of  connection  between  sentences  also 
occurs,  especially  in  animated  conversation  ;  at  times, 
however,  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish  an  apparent  from 
a  real  asyndeton.  In  62,  5,  the  thrilling  character  of  the 
tale  of  the  werwolf  is  indicated  by  asyndeton  :  apocula- 
mus  nos  circa  gallicinia.  luna  lucebat  tamqiiam  meridie. 
venimus  intra  monimenta.  homo  mens  coepit  ad  stelas 
fojcere,  sedeo  ego  cantabundus. 


INTRODUCTION,  xlii 


11 


(b)  The  injection  of  homely  wisdom,  old  saws,  and 
proverbs  into  the  conversation  is  made  without  the  use 
of  any  connective.  Cf.  modo  sic,  modo  sic,  inquit  rusticus; 
varium  porcum  2)erdiderat.  quod  hodie  non  est  eras  erit, 
45,  2 ;  so  in  59,  4,  semper  in  hac  re  qui  vincitur  vincit  is 
introduced  by  no  explanatory  connective.  Cf.  utres  in- 
Jiati  ambulamus.     minores  qiiam  muscae  sumus,  42,  7. 

(c)  Disjunctive  asyndeton  occurs  several  times,  as  plus 
minus,  52,  2;  hac  iliac,  57,  38;  velit  nolit,  71,  39.  With 
this  may  be  classed  the  asyndeton  occurring  between 
opposing  ideas,  as  in  quern  amat  amat,  quern  non  amat 
non  amat,  37,  13;  or  in  44,  30,  nunc  populus  est  domi 
leones,  foras  vulpes,  and  nemo  lovem  pili  facit,  sed  omnes 
opertis  oculis  bona  sua  computant.  antea  stolatae  ibant, 
44,  36. 

(d)  There  are  six  instances  in  the  Cena  where  a  new 
sentence  is  begun  with  such  a  form  of  puto  as  putes  or 
putares  or  j^utusses,  for  which  a  result  clause  introduced 
by  ut  might  have  been  expected,  as  putares  eos  gallos  gal- 
linaceos,  45,  36 ;  pz^^es  taurum,  47,  7 ;  putares  me  hoc  ius- 
sisse,  76,  7.  So  vides,  with  the  force  of  the  French  voild, 
stands  at  the  beginning  of  a  sentence,  needing  no  con- 
nective to  join  it  with  the  preceding  sentence ;  cf.  36,  17, 
38,  10  and  13,  46,  29. 

Quod  as  a  Conjunction.  Of  the  conjunctive  use  of  quod, 
which  dates  as  early  as  the  time  of  Plautus,  but  little  can 
be  said,  so  far  as  its  appearance  in  Petronius  is  concerned. 
There  are  possibly  two  illustrations,  viz.  45,  30,  subolfacio 
quod  nobis  epulum  Mammea  daturus  est,  and  46,  14,  dixi 
quod  mustella  comedit.  It  is  out  of  this  use  of  quod  that 
the  modern  French  que  ('  that ')  arose. 


xliv  INTKODUCTION.  ' 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

A  complete  bibliography  of  the  literature  on  Petronius  for  the 
past  twenty-five  years  will  be  found  in  Bursian's  Jahresbericht 
iiber  die  Fortschritte  der  Altertumswissenschaft,  vols,  xiv.,  1878, 
pp.  171-172;  xlvi.,  1886,  pp.  195  ff.  ;  Ixxii.,  1892,  pp.  161-181; 
xcviii.,  1898,  pp.  33-117.  The  following  is  a  selected  list,  and 
includes :  — 

A.    Texts. 

Petr.  Burmanno  curante,  T.  Petronii  Arbitri  satyricon  quae  super- 
sunt  cum  doctorum  virorum  commentariis ;  et  notis  Heinsii  et 
Goesii  antea  ineditis ;  quibus  additae  Dupeuratii  et  auctiores 
Bourdelotii  ac  Beinesii  notae.  Adiciuntur  Dousae  praecida- 
nea,  Gonsali  de  Salas  commenta,  variae  dissertationes  et  prae- 
fationes^  Editio  altera.     Amstelaedami,  mdccxxxxiii. 

r.  Bucheler,  Petronii  Arbitri  Satirarum  Beliquiae.  Berolini : 
Apud  Weidmannos,  mdccclxii. 

F.  Bucheler,  Petronii  Satirae  et  Liber  Priapeorum,  tert.  edit.  Ad- 
iectae  sunt  Varronis  et  Senecae  Satirae  similesque  reliquiae. 
Berolini :  Apud  Weidmannos,  mdccclxxxii. 

L.  Friedlander,  Petronii  Cena  Trimalchionis.,  mit  deutscher  i'lber- 
setzung  und  erkldrenden  anmerkungen.  Leipzig:  S.  Hirzel, 
1891. 

B.    General  Critique. 

Martin  Schanz,  in  Miiller's  Handbuch  der  Jclass.  Altertums- 
wissenschaft,  viii.  ii.  2,  2d  ed.,  Bom.  Literaturgeschichte. 
Mtinchen  :  C.  H.  Beck,  1901. 

L.  Friedlander,  Darstellungen  aus  der  sittengeschichte  Boms. 
6th  ed.     Leipzig:    S.  Hirzel,  1888. 

J.  Marquardt,  Privatleben  der  B'dmer.  2d  ed.  Leipzig :  S.  Hir- 
zel, 1886. 

A.  Collignon,  £tude  sur  Petrone.    Paris  :  Hachette  et  Cie.,  1892. 

E.  Thomas,  Venvers  de  la  societe  romaine  d''apres  Petrone.  2d  ed. 
Paris  :  Fontemoing,  1902. 


INTRODUCTION.  xlv 

R.  Burger,  Der  antike  Bomaii  vor  Petronius  (Hermes,  1892,  vol. 

xxiv.,  pp.  345-358). 
E.  Rohde,  Zum  griechischen  Roman  (  Rheinisches  Museum,  1893, 

vol.  xlviii.,  pp.  125  ff.). 
R.  Heinze,  Petron  unci  der  griechische  Roman  ("Hermes,"  1899, 

vol.  xxxiiii.,  pp.  512  ff.). 
E.  Norden,  Die  antike  kunst-prosa.     Leipzig:  Teubner,  1898. 
R.  Hirzel,  Der  Dialog.     Leipzig:  S.  Hirzel,  1895. 
E.    Klebs,    Zur   composition  von  Petronius^  Satirae  (Philologus, 

1889,  vol.  xlvii.). 
Haberlin,  in  the  Berl.  Phil  Wochenschrift,  1893,  col.  946. 
Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii;  its  Life  and  Art.     New  York  :  Macmillan, 

1899. 
J.  Schmidt,  De  Seviris  Augustalibus.     Halis  Saxonum:   M.  Nie- 

meyer,   mdccclxxviii. 
C.  H.  Beck,    The  Age  of  Petronius.      Cambridge  (Mass.):  1856. 

The  MSS.  of  Petronius.     Cambridge  (Mass.):  1863. 
A.  Otto,   Die  sprichworter  und  sprichwortlichen  redensarten  der 

R'dmer.     Leipzig  :   Teubner,  1890. 
H.  T.  Peck,  C.  Petronii  Arbitri  Cena  Trimalchionis  anglice  red- 
didit et  prooemio  cum  appendice  bibliograph.  instruxit.     Nov. 

Ebor. :  Dodd  Mead  et  Soc,  mdcccxcviii. 
H.  W.  Hayley,  Quaestiones  Petronianae  (Harv.  Studies  in  Class. 

Philology,  ii.,  pp.  1-40.     Boston:  Ginn  &  Co.,  1891). 


C.   Language,  Grammar,  and  Interpretation. 

Segebade  et  Lommatzsch,  Lexicon  Petronianum.  Lipsiae :  Teubner, 

MDCCCXCVIII. 

W.  Heraeus,  Die  Sprache  des  Petron  und  die  Glossen.    Offenbach: 

MDCCCXCIX. 

H.  Ronsch,  Itala  und  Vulgata,  das  sprachidiom  der  urchristlichen 
itala  und  der  katholischen  vulgata  unter  berucksichtigung  der 
Romischen  volkssprache.     Marburg :  N.  G.  Elwert,  1875. 

F.  T.  Cooper,  Word  Formation  in  the  Roman  Sermo  Plebeius. 
Boston :  Ginn  &  Co.,  1895. 

E.  Ludwig,  De  Petronii  sermone  plebeio  dissertatio.     Leipzig,  1870. 


/fs 


Xlvi  INTRODUCTION.  . 

'I 

J.  Segebade,  Observationes  grammaticae  et  criticae  in  Petronium.  || 

Halis  Saxonum  :  Typ.  Karrasianis,  mdccclxxx.: 
A.  von  Guericke,  De  linguae  vulgaris  reliquiis  apud  Petronium 

et  in  inscriptionihus  parietariis  Pompeianis,  dissert,  inaug. 

Gumbinnae  :  Typ.  Krausen.,  mdccclxxv. 
G.  N.  Olcott,  Studies  in  the  Word  Formation  of  the  Latin  Inscrip-  | 

tions  with  reference  to  the  Latin   Sermo  Vulgaris.     Rome:  I 

Sallustian  Typography,  1898. 


>J 


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V 


a. 

A  -^ 


\-   ^-^ 


PETRONII 
CENA  TRLMALCHIONIS. 


Encolpius  and  his  friend,  Ascyltus,  prepare  for  Trimalchio' s 
banquet.  Wandering  about,  they  find  him  at  exercise,  play- 
ing ball. 

Venerat  iam  tertius  dies,  id  est  expectatio  liberae  cenae,  26 
sed  tot  \^lneribus  confossis  fuga  magis  placebat,  quam 
quies.     itaque  cum  maesti  deliberaremus,  quonam  genera 
praesentem  evitaremus  procellam,  unus  servus  Agamein-   - 
nonis  interpellavit  trepidantes  et  'quid?  vos'  inquit  'ne-    5 
scitis,  hodie  apud  quern  fiat  ?     Trimalchio,  lautissimus 
homo,  horologium  in  triclinio  et  bucinatorem  habet  subor- 
natum.  ut  subinde  seiat,  quantum  de  vita  perdiderit.'    ami- 
cimur  ergo  diligenter  obliti  omnium  malorum,  et  Gitona 
libentissime  servile  officium  tuentem  usque  hoc  iubemus 
in  balnea  sequi.  Xos  interim  vestiti  errare  coepimus  27 

immo  iocari  magis  et  circulis  ludentum  accedere, 
cum  subito  vklemus  senem  calvum,  tunica  vestitum  riissea, 
inter  pueros  capillatos  ludenteni  i:)ila.  nee  tarn,  puen  no.s, 
quamqnani  erat  operae  pretium,  ad  spectaculum  duxerant,  5 
quani  ipse  pater  faniiliae,  qui  soleatus  pila  p)rasina  exerce- 
batitr.  nee  amjylius  earn  repetebat  quae  terram  contigerat, 
sed  folleni  plenum  habebat  servus  sufficiebatque  ludentibus. 
notavimus  etiam  res  novas,     nam  duo  spadones  in  diversa 

1 


Z     .  PETRONII 

IQ  j^arte  cvricuii ^siahant,  quorum  alter  inatellam  tenebat  argen- 
team,  alter  numerabat  pilas,  non  quidem  eas  quae  inter 
manus  lusu  expellente  vibrabant,  sed  eas  quae  in  terrain 
decidebant.  cum  has  ergo  miraremur  lautitias,  accurrit 
Menelaus  et  '  liic  est '  inquit  '  apud  quern  cubitum  pone- 

15  tis,  et  quidem  iam  priucipium  cenae  videtis.'  et  iam 
non  loquebatur  Menelaus  cum  Trimalchio  digitos  concre- 
puit,  ad  quod  signum  matellam  spado  ludeyiti  subiecit. 
exonerata  ille  vesica  aquam  poposcit  ad  manus,  digitosque 
paululum  adspersos  in  capite  pueri  tersit. 

After  the  game,  all  bathe  and  proceed  to  the  house  of  the  host. 

28  Longum  erat  singula  excipere.  itaque  intravimus  bal- 
neum, et  sudore  calfacti  momento  temporis  ad  frigidam 
eximus.  iam  Trimalchio  iingueyito  perfusus  tergebatur, 
non  linteis,  sed  palliis  ex  lana  mollissima  factis.     tres  in- 

.5  terim  iatraliptae  in  conspectu  eius  Falernum  potabant, 
et  cum  plurimum  rixantes  effunderent,  Trimalchio  hoc 
suum  propinasse  dicebat.  hinc  involutus  coccina  gausajja 
lecticae  impositus  est  praecedentibus  phaleratis  cursoribus 
quattuor  et  chiramaxio,  in  quo   deliciae   eius   vehebantur, 

10  puer  vetidus,  lij^pus,  domino  Trimalchione  deformior.  cum 
ergo  auferretur,  ad  caput  eius  sym])honiacus  cum  miniynis 
tibiis  accessit  et  tanquam  in  aurem  aliquid  secreto  diceret, 
toto  itinere  cantavit. 

Description  of  the  entrance  to  the  house,  and  of  the  startling 

mural  paintings. 

Sequimur  nos  admiratione  iam  saturi  et  cum  Agamem- 
15  7ione  ad  ianuam  pervenimus,  in  cuius  poste  libellus  erat 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  8 

cum  hac  inscriptione  fixus :  y visgvis  servvs  sine  domi- 

NICO  IVSSV  FORAS  EXIERIT,  ACCIPIET  PLAGAS  CENTVM.       m 

aditu  autem  ipso  stabat  ostiarius  prasinatuH,  cerasino  sitx> 
cinctus  cingulo,  atque  in  lance  argentea  j>i'.s«?/i  puryabat. 
super  limen  autem  cacea  pendebat  aurea,  in  qua  pica  varia 
intrantes  salutabat.  Ceterum  ego  dum  omnia  stupeOj  paene  29 
resupinatus  crura  mea  fregi.  ad  sinistram  enim  intranti- 
bus  non  longe  ab  ostiarii  cella  canis  ingens,  catena  vinctus, 
in  pariete  erat  pictus  superque  quadrata  litera  scriptum 
CAVE  CANEM.  ct  coUegac  quidem  rtiei  risenint,  ego  autem  5 
coUecto  spirita  non  destiti  totum  parietem  persequi.  erat 
autem  venalicium  {cum)  titulis  pictum,  et  ipse  Trimalchio 
capillatus  caduceum  tenebat  Minervaque  ducente  Roinam 
intrabat.  liinc  quemadmodum  ratiocinari  didicisset,  deni- 
que  disjpensator  /actus  esset,  omnia  diligenter  curiosus  pnctor  10 
cum  inscriptione  reddiderat.  in  dejiciente  vero  iam  porticu 
levatum  mento  in  tribunal  excelsum  Mercurius  rapiebat. 
praesto  erat  Fortuna  (cum)  cornu  abundanti  [copiosa~\  et 
tres  Parcae  aurea  pensa  torquentes.  notavi  etiam  in  por- 
ticu gregem  cursorum  cum  magistro  se  exercentem.  prae- 15 
terea  grande  armarium  in  angulo  vidi,  in  cuius  aedicula 
erant  Lares  argentei  pjositi  Venerisque  signum  marmoreum 
et  pyxis  aurea  non  pusilla,  in  qua  barbam  ijmus  conditam 
esse  dicebant. 

Interrogare  ergo  atriensem  coepi,  quas  in  medio  picturas  20 
haberent.     '  Hiada  et  Odyssian '  inquit  '  ac  Laenatis  gla- 
diatorium  munus.'     Non  licebat  miiltas  iam  (picturas)  30 
considerare 


4  PETRONII 

The  guests  reach  the  triclinium.  Interesting  decorations^  in- 
scriptions and  notices.  A  negligent  slave  is  saved  from 
punishment. 

Nos  iam  ad  triclinium  perveneramuSj  in  cuius  parte  prima 

procurator  rationes  accipiebat.     et  quod  praecipue  miratus 

5  sum,  in  postibus  triclinii  fasces  erant  cum  securibus  fxi, 

quorum  imam  partem  quasi  embolum  navis  aeneum  finie- 

bat,  in   quo   erat   scriptum:    c.   pompeio   trimalchioni, 

SEVIRO    AVGVSTALI,    CINNAMVS    DISPENSATOR.       Sub    eodcm 

titulo  et  lucerna  bilychnis  de  camera  pendebat,  et  dime  tabu- 
la lae  in  utroque  poste  defixae,  quarum  altera,  si  bene  memini, 
hoc  habebat  inscriptum:  iii.  et  pridie  kalendas  ianva- 
RiAS  c.  NOSTER  FORAs  CENAT,  altera  lunac  cursum  stel- 
larumque  septem  imagines  pictas;  et  qui  dies  boni  quique 
incommodi  essent,  distinguente  bidla  notabantur. 

15  His  repleti  voluptatibus  cum  conaremur  in  triclinium 
intrare,  exclamavit  unus  ex  pueris,  qui  super  hoc  officium 
erat  positus,  '  dextro  pede/  sine  dubio  paulisper  trepi- 
davimus,  ne  contra  praeceptum  aliquis  nostrum  limen 
transiret.      ceterum  ut  pariter  movimus  dextros  gressus, 

20  servus  nobis  despoliatus  procubuit  ad  pedes  ac  rogare  coe- 
pit,  ut  se  poenae  eriperemus:  nee  magnum  esse  peccatum 
suum,  propter  quod  periclitaretur ;  subducta  enim  sibi  vesti- 
menta  dispensatoris  in  balneo,  quae  vix  fuissent  decem  se- 
stertiorum.     rettidimus  ergo  dextros  pedes  dispensatoremque 

25  in  atrio  aureos  numerantem  deprecati  sumus,  ut  servo  re- 
mitteret  poenam.  siqyerbus  ille  sustidit  vultum  et  '  non  tam 
iactura  me  movet^  inquit  ^quam  negligentia  nequissimi  servi. 
vestimenta  mea  cubitoria  perdidit,  quae  mihi  natali  meo  cliens 


I 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  5 

qvidani  donaverat,  Tjfrki  sine  dubio,  sed  iam  semel  lota, 
quid  errjo  est?  dono  vohis  enni.^  31 

Obligati  tarn  grandi  henejicio  cum  intrassemus  tricli- 
nium, occurrit  nobis  ille  idem  sercus,  pro  quo  rogave- 
ramtiSy  et  stupentibus  ^pississima  basia  impegit  gratias 
agens  humanitati  nostrae.  ^  ad  summam,  statim  scietis,  5 
ait  'cui  dederitis  benejicium.  vinum  dominicum  ministror 
toris  gratia  est ' 

They  take  their  places  upon  entering  the  dining  room.     The  Jirst 
light  course,  an  appetizer,  is  brought  in.     Its  description. 

* 
Tandem,  ergo  discubuiinus  pueris  Alexandrinis  aquam  in 
manus    nivatam    infundentibus   aliisque    insequentibus    ad 
pedes   ac  paronychia   cum    ingenti   subtilitate    tollentibus.   lo 
ac  ne  in  hoc  quidem  tarn  molesto  tacebant  officio,  sed  obi- 
ter cantabant.     ego  experiri  volui,  an  tota  familia  canta- 
retf  itaque  potionem  poposci.    paratissimus  puer  non  minus 
me  acido  cantico  excepit,  et  quisquis  aliquid  rogatus  erat 
ut  daret,  {simul  cantabat.)    pantomimi  chx)rum,  non  patris  15 
familiae  triclinium  crederes. 

cdlata  est  tamen  gustatio 
valde  lauta;  nam  iam  omnes  discubuerant  praeter  ipsum 
Trimalchionem,  cui  locus  novo  more  primus  servabatur. 
ceterum  in  promulsidari  asellus  erat  Corinthius  cum  bisac-  20 
cio  positus,  qui  habebat  olivas  in  cdtera  parte  albas,  in 
altera  nigras.  tegebant  asellum  duae  lances,  in  quarum 
marginibus  nomen  Trimalchionis  inscriptum  erat  et  argenti 
pondus.  ponticuli  etiam  ferruminati  sustinebant  glires 
melle  ac  papavere  sparsos.    fuenuit  et  tomacula  supra  era-  25 


PETRONII 


ticulam  argenteam  ferventia  posita,   et   infra   craticulam 
Syriaca  pruna  cum  granis  Punici  mail. 


Trimalchio  enters  to  the  accompaniment  of  music.  His  ridiculous 
appearance  and  dress.  While  he  continues  a  game  which  he 
de.fires  to  finish,  a  second  appetizer  is  served;  its  description. 
Some  dishes  are  smashed  in  its  hasty  removal. 

32  In  his  eramus  lautitiis,  cum  ipse  Trimalchio  ad  sympho- 
niam  allatus  est  positusque  inter  cervicalia  mimitissima 
expressit  imprudentibus  visum,  pallio  enim  coccineo  adra- 
sum  excluserat  caput  circaque  oneratas  veste  cervices  lati- 
5  claviam  immiserat  mappam  Jimbriis  hinc  atque  illinc 
pendentibus.  habebat  etiam  in  minimo  digito  sinistrae 
manus  ayndum  grandem  subauratum,  extremo  vero  arti- 
culo  digiti  sequentis  minorem.,  ut  mihi  videbatur,  totum 
aureum,  sed  plane  ferreis  veluti  stellis  ferruminatxtm.     et 

10  ne  has  tantum  ostenderet  divitias,  dextrum  nudavit  lacer- 
tum  armilla  aurea  cultum  et  eboreo  circulo  lamina  splen- 

ZZ.dcnte  conexo.  Ut  deinde  pinna  argentea  denies  perfodit, 
'  amid '  inquit  '  nondum  mihi  suave  erat  in  triclinium 
venire,  sed  ne  diutius  absentivos  morae  vobis  essem,  om- 
nem  voliqjtatem  mihi  negavi.  permittetis  tayien  finiri 
5  hisum.^  sequebatur  puer  cum  tabida  terebiyithina  et  cry- 
stallinis  tesseris  iiotavique  rem  omnium  delicatissimam. 
pro  calculis  enim  albis  ac  nigris  aureos  argenteosque 
habebat  denarios.  interim  dum  ille  omnium  textorum 
dicta  inter  lusum  consumit,  gustantibus  adhuc  nobis  repo- 

10  sitorium  allatuni  est  cum  corbe,  in  quo  gallina  erat  lignea 
patentibus  in  orbem  alis,  quales  esse  solent  quae  incubant 
ova.     accessere  continuo  duo  servi  et  symphonia  strepente 


i\ 


CENA    TRLMALCHIONIS.  7 

scrutari  paleam  coeperunt  erutaque  subinde  pavonina  ova 
divisere  convivis.  convertit  ad  hanc  scaenum  Trimalchio 
vultum  et  *amici'  ait  ^pavonis  ova  gallinae  iussi  siqij^oni.  15 
et  mehercules  thneo  ne  iam  concepti  shit;  temptemus  tameiij 
si  adliuc  sorbilia  sunt.''  accipimus  nos  cochlearia  non  minus 
selibras  j)endentia  ovaque  ex  farina  pingni  Jiyurata  7)er- 
tundinius.  eyo  quideni  jKiene  proieci  jxirtem  meam,  nam 
videbatur  mihi  iam  in  pidhim  coisse.  deinde  ut  audivi  20 
veterem  convivam  ^hic  nescio  quid  boni  debet  esse,'  per- 
secutus  puiamen  manu  pinguissimam  ficedulam  inveni  pipe- 
rato  vitello  circumdatam. 

Iam  Trimalchio  eadem  omnia  lusu  intermisso  p)oposcerat  34 
feceratque  ix)testatem  clara  voce,  si  quis  nostrum  iterxim 
vellet  mulsum  sumere,  cum  subito  signum  symphonia  datur 
et  gustatoria  pariter  a  choro  cantante  rapiuntur.     cetei'wm 
inter  tumultum  cum  forte  paropsis  excidisset  et  jyuer  iacen-    5 
tern  sustulisset,  animadvertit  Trimalchio  colaphisque  obiur- 
garipuerum  ac  proicere  rursus  jKirojjsidem  iussit.    insecutus 
est  {supeli)lecticarius  argentumque  inter  reliqua  purgamenta 
scopis  coepit  everrere.     subinde  intraverunt  duo  Aethio 
pes  capillati  cum  pusillis  utribus,  quales  solent  esse  qui  10 
harenam  in  amphitheatre  spargunt,  vinumque  dedere  in 
manus ;  aquara  enim  nemo  porrexit. 

Laudatus  p)t'opter  elegantias  dominus  '  aequum'  inquit 
*  Mars  amat.     itaque  iussi  suam  cuique  mensam  assignari. 
obiter  et  jmtidissinii  servi  minorem  nobis  aestum  frequeixtia  15 
sua  facient.' 


8  PETRONII 

Falernian  wine  is  brought  in.     Apostrophe  of  Trimalchio  over  the 

silver  skeleton. 

Statim  allatae  sunt  amphorae  vitreae  diligenter  gypsatae, 
quarum  in  cervicibus  pittacia  erant  affixa  cum  hoc  titulo : 

FALERNVM    OPIMIANVM    ANXORVM    CEXTVM.        dum    UtuloS 

20  perlegimus,  complosit  Trimalchio  manus  et  'eheu'  inquit 
^  ergo  diutius  vivit  viiium  quam  homuncio.  quare  tengo- 
menas  faciamus.  vinum  vita  est.  verum  Opimianum 
2)raesto.  heri  non  tam  honum  posui,  et  midto  honestiores 
cenabant.'    potantibus  ergo  nobis  et  accuratissime  lautitias 

25  mirantibus  laruam  argenteam  attidit  servus  sic  aptatam, 
ut  articuli  eius  vertebraeque  luxatae  in  omnem  ixirtem 
Jiecterentur.  hanc  cum  super  mensam  semel  iterumque 
abiecisset,  et  catenatio  mobilis  aliquot  jiguras  exprimeret, 
Trimalchio  adiecit : 

30  ^  eheii  nos  miseros,  quam  totus  homuncio  nil  est. 

sic  erimus  cuncti,  postquam  nos  auferet  Orcus. 
ergo  vivamus,  dum  licet  esse  bene.'' 

The  third  course  turns  out  to  be  a  clever  zodiacal  design.  Transition 
to  the  fourth  course,  with  which  the  real  eating  begins.  Carpus 
does  the  carving. 

35  Laudationem  ferculum  est  insecutum  plane  non  pro  ex- 
pectatione  magnum;  novitas  tamen  omnium  convertit  ocu- 
los.  rotundum  enim  repositorium  duodecim  habebat  signa 
in  orbe  disposita,  super  quae  propriiun  convenientemque 
5  materiae  structor  imposuerat  cibum:  super  arietem  cicer 
arietinum,  super  taurum  bubulae  frustum,  siq^er  geminos 
testiculos  ac  rienes,  super  cancrum  coronam,  super  leonem 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  9 

Jicum  Africanam,  super  virginem  steriliculam,  super  libram 
stateram  in  cuius  altera  parte  scriblita  erat,  in  altera  pla- 
centa, super  scorpionem  pisciculum  marinum,  super  sagit-  10 
tarium  oclopetam,  super  capricornum  locustani  marinam, 
super  aquarium  anserem,  super  pisces  duos  mullos.  in 
medio  antem  caespes  cum  lierhis  excisus  favum  sustinebat. 
circumferebat  Aegijjytius  puer  clibano  argenteo  panem 

atque  ipse  etiam  taeterrima  voce  de  Laserpiciario  mimo  15 
canticum  extorsit.     nos  ut  tristiores  ad  tarn  viles  accessi- 
mus  cibos,  'suadeo'  inquit  Trimalchio  'cenemus'  [hoc  est 
in.     cenae.^     Haec  ut  dixit,  ad  symphoniam  quattuor  tri-  36 
pudiantes  procurrerunt  superior emq^ie  partem   repositorii 
abstulerunt.      quo  facto  videmus  infra  [scilicet   in   altera 
fercido~\   altilia   et   sumina   leporemque    in   medio  pinnis 
subornatum,  ut  Pegasus  videretur.     notavimus  etiam  circa    5 
angulos  repositorii  Marsyas  quattuor,  ex  quorum  utriculis 
garum  piperatum  currebat  super  pisces,  qui  tanquam  in 
euripo   natabant.      damus   omnes  plausum  a  familia   in- 
cept um  et  res  electissimas  ridentes  aggredimur.    non  minus 
et    Tnmalchio  eiusmodi  methodio   laetus  '  Carpe '  inquit.  lO 
processit  statim  scissor  et  ad  symphoniam  gesticulatus  ita 
laceravit  obsonium,  ut  putares  essedarium  hydraule  can- 
tante  pugnare.     ingerebat  nihilo  minus  Trimalchio  lentis- 
sima  voce   '  Carpe,   Carpe.^      ego   suspicatus  ad  aliquam 
urbanitatem  totiens  iteratam  vocem  pertinere,  non  erubui  15 
eum  qui  supra  me  accumbebat,  hoc  ipsum  interrogare.     at 
ille,  qui  saepius  eiusmodi  ludos  spectaverat,  'vides  ilium' 
inquit  'qui  obsonium  carpit :    Carpus  vacatur.      ita   quo- 
tiescunque  dicit  "  Carpe,''  eodem  verba  et  vocat  et  imperat.' 


10  PETRONII 

Encolpius  chats  with  his  neighbor  about  their  host  and  hostess,  Tri- 
malchio  and  Fortunata.  They  discuss  one  of  the  banqueters, 
once  a  slave  but  now  a  rich  freedman.  Another,  who  was  an 
undertaker,  has  had  his  financial  ups  and  downs. 

37  Non  potui  am2)lius  quicquam  gustare,  sed  conversus  ad 
eum,  ut  quam  plurima  exciperem,  longe  accersere  fabulas 
coepi  sciscitarique,  quae  esset  mulier  ilia,  quae  hue  atque 
illuc  discurreret     ^  uxor '  inquit  '  Trimalchionis,  Fortunata 

5  appellatur,  quae  nummos' modio  metitur.  et  modo,  modo 
quid  fuit  ?  ignoscet  mihi  genius  tuus,  noluisses  de  manu 
illius  pfanem  accipere.  nunc,  nee  quid  nee  quare,  in  cae- 
lum ahiit  et  Trimalcliionis  topanta  est.  ad  summam,  mero 
meridie  si  dixerit  illi  tenehras  esse,  credet.      ipse  nescit 

10  quid  habeat,  adeo  saplutiis  est  fT  sed  haec  lupatria  pro- 
videt  omnia  et  ubi  non  putes.  est  sicca,  sobria,  bonorum 
consiliorum  [tantum  auri  vides],  est  tamen  malae  lin- 
guae, pica  pulvinaris.  quern  amat,  amat;  quern  non 
amat,  non   amat.      ipse   Trimalchio   fundos   habet,    qua 

15  milvi  volant,  nummorum  nummos.  argentum  in  ostia- 
rii  illius  cella  plus  iacet,  quam  quisquam  in  fortunis 
habet.  familia  vero  babae  babae,  non  mehercules  puto 
decumam  partem  esse  quae  dominum  suum  noverit.  ad 
summam,  quemvis  ex  istis  babaecalis  in  rutae   folium 

38  coniciet.  ^  Nee  est  quod  putes  ilium  quicquam  emere. 
omnia  domi  nascuntur :  lana,  credrae,  piper,  lacte  galli- 
naceum  si  quaesieris,  invenies.  ad  summam,  parum  illi 
bona  lana  nascebatur ;  arietes  a  Tarento  emit  et  eos  cula- 

5  vit  in  gregem.  mel  Atticum  ut  domi  nasceretur,  apes  ab 
Athenis  iussit  afferri ;  obiter  et  vernaculae  quae  sunt, 
meliusculae    a    Graeculis    fient.      ecce    intra    bos    dies 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  11 

scripsit,  lit  illi  ex  India  semen  boletorum  mitteretur. 
nam  mulam  quidem  null  am  liabet,  quae  non  ex  onagro 
nata  sit.  vides  tot  culcitras :  nulla  non  aut  conchylia-  lo 
tiim  aut  coccineum  tomentum  habet.  tanta  est  animi 
beatitudo.  reliquos  autem  collibertos  eius  cave  con- 
temnas.  valde  suoossi  sunt,  vides  ilium  (lui  in  imo 
imus  recumbit:  hodie  sua  octingenta  possidet.  de  nihilo 
crevit.  modo  solebat  collo  sue  ligna  portare.  sed  quo-  15 
mode  dicunt  —  ego  nihil  scio,  sed  audivi  —  quom  In- 
cuboni  pilleum  rapuisset,  [et]  thesaurum  invenit.  ego 
nemini  invideo,  si  quid  deus  dedit.  est  tamen  sub  alapa 
et  non  vult  sibi  male,  itaque  proxime  locationem  hoc 
titulo  proscripsit:    c.  pompeivs  diogexes  ex  kalexdis  20 

IVLIIS  CEXACVLVM  LOCAT  ;    IPSE  EXIM  DOMVM  EMIT.      quid 

ille  qui  libertini  loco  iacet,  quam  bene  se  habuit.  non 
impropero  illi.  sestertium  suum  vidit  decies,  sed  male 
vacillavit.  non  piito  ilium  capillos  liberos  habere,  nee 
mehercules  sua  culpa;  ipso  enim  homo  melior  non  est;  25 
sed  liberti  scelerati,  qui  omnia  ad  se  fecerunt.  scito 
autem :  sociorum  olla  male  f  ervet,  et  ubi  semel  res  incli- 
nata  est,  amici  de  medio,  et  quam  honestam  negotia- 
tionem  exercuit,  quod  ilium  sic  vides.  libitinarius  fiiit. 
solebat  sic  cenare,  quomodo  rex  :  apros  gausapatos,  opera  30 
pistoria,  avis,  cocos,  pistores.  plus  vini  sub  mensa  effun- 
debatur,  quam  aliquis  in  cella  habet.  phantasia,  non 
homo,  inclinatis  quoqiie  rebus  siiis,  cum  timeret  ne 
creditores  ilium  conturbare  existimarent,  hoc  titulo  auc- 
tionem    proscripsit:     (c.)    ivlivs    procvlvs    avctionem  35 

FACIET    RERVM    SVPERVACVARVM. 


12  PETRONII 

I    Trimalchio  now  engrosses  the  conversation.     His  astrological  lore. 

39  Interpellavit  tarn  dulces  fabulas  Trimalchio ;  nam  iam 
sublatum  erat  ferciilum,  hilaresque  convivae  vino  ser- 
monibusque  publicatis  operam  coeperant  dare,  is  ergo 
reclinatus  in  cubitum  '  hoc  vinum '  in  quit  '  vos  oportet 
5  suave  faciatis.  pisces  natare  oportet.  rogo,  me  putatis 
ilia  cena  esse  contentum,  quam  in  theca  repositorii  vide- 
ratis  ?  "  sic  notus  Vlixes  ?  "  quid  ergo  est  ?  oportet 
etiam  inter  cenandum  philologiam  nosse.  patrono  meo 
ossa   bene   quiescant,    qui    me    hominem   inter   homines 

10  voluit  esse,  nam  mihi  nihil  novi  potest  afferri,  sicut 
ille  fericulus  iam  habuit  praxim.  ^  caelus  hie,  in  quo 
duodecim  dii  habitant,  in  totidem  se  hguras  convertit, 
et  modo  fit  aries.  itaque  quisquis  nascitur  illo  signo, 
multa    pecora    habet,    multum    lanae,   caput    praeterea 

15  durum,  frontem  expudoratam,  cornum  acutum.  plurimi 
hoc  signo  scholastici  nascuntur  et  arietilli.'  laudamus 
urbanitatem  mathematici ;  itaque  adiecit  '  deinde  totus 
caelus  taurulus  fit.  itaque  tunc  calcitrosi  nascuntur  et 
bubulci  et  qui  se  ipsi  pascunt.    in  geminis  autem  nascun- 

20  tur  bigae  et  boves  et  colei  et  qui  utrosque  parietes  linunt. 
in  cancro  ego  natus  sum.  ideo  multis  pedibus  sto,  et  in 
mari  et  in  terra  multa  possideo;  nam  cancer  et  hoc  et 
illoc  quadrat,  et  ideo  iam  dudum  nihil  supra  ilium 
posui,  ne  genesim  meam  premerem.     in  leone  catapha- 

25  gae  nascuntur  et  imperiosi ;  in  virgine  mulieres  et  fugi- 
tivi  et  compediti ;  in  libra  laniones  et  unguentarii  et 
quicunque  aliquid  expediunt ;  in  scorpione  venenarii  et 
percussores ;  in  sagittario  strabones,  qui  holera  spectant, 


CENA   TRIMALCHIOXIS.  13 

iardum  tollunt ;  in  capricorno  aerumnosi,  quibus  prae 
mala  sua  cornua  nascuntiir ;  in  aquario  copones  et  cu-  30 
curbitae ;  in  piscibus  obsonatores  et  rhetores.  sic  orbis 
vertitur  tanquam  mola,  et  semper  aliquid  mali  facit,  ut 
homines  aut  nascantur  ant  pereant.  quod  autem  in 
medio  caespitem  videtis  et  supra  caespitem  favum,  nihil 
sine  ratione  facio.  terra  mater  est  in  medio  quasi  ovum  35 
corrotundata,  et  omnia  bona  in  se  habet  tanquam  favus.' 

A  ffth  course,  the  second  of  the  banquet  proper.  Meaning  of  the 
liberty  cap  on  the  head  of  the  stuffed  pig.  Grapes  are  passed. 
Punning  on  Liber  (liber). 

^  Sophos '  universi  clamamus  et  sublatis  manibus  ad  40 
cameram  iuramus  Hipparchum  Aratumque  comparandos 
illi  homines  non  fuisse,   donee  advenerunt  ministri   ac 
toralia  praeposuerunt  toris,  in  quibus  retia  erant  picta 
subsessoresque  cum  venabulis  et  totus  venationis  appa-    5 
ratus.      necdum  sciebamus,  (quo)  mitteremus  suspiciones 
nostras,  cum  extra  triclinium  clamor  sublatus  est  ingens, 
et  ecce  canes  Laconici  etiam  circa  mensam   discurrere 
coeperunt.     secutum  est  hos  repositorium,  in  quo  posi- 
tus  erat  primae  magnitudinis  aper,  et  quidem  pilleatus,  10 
e  cuius  dentibus  sportellae  dependebant  duae  palmulis 
textae,    altera   caryotis   altera  thebaicis   repleta.      circa 
autem   minores   porcelli   ex   coptoplacentis   facti,   quas'- 
uberibus  imminerent,  scrofam  esse  positam  significabant. 
et  hi  quidem  apophoreti  fuerunt.     ceterum  ad  scinden-  15 
dum  aprum  non  ille  Carpus  accessit,  qui  altilia  lacerave- 
rat,  sed  barbatus  ingens,  fasciis  cruralibus  alligatus  et 
alicula  subornatus  polymita,  strictoque  venatorio  cultro 


14  PETRONII 

latus  apri  vehementer   percussit,   ex   cuius  plaga  turdi 

20  evolaverunt.  parati  aucupes  cum  harundinibus  fuerunt 
et  eos  circa  triclinium  volitantes  momento  exceperunt. 
iiide  cum  suum  cuique  iussisset  referri  TrimalcMo,  adie- 
cit :  '  etiam  videte,  quam  porcus  ille  silvaticus  lotam 
comederit  glandem/  statim  pueri  ad  sportellas  accesse- 
runt,  quae  pendebant  e  dentibus,  thebaicasque  et  caryotas 

41  ad  numerum  divisere  cenantibus.  Interim  ego,  qui  priva- 
tum habebam  secessum,  in  multas  cogitationes  deductus 
sum,  quare  aper  pilleatus  intrasset.  postquam  itaque 
omnis  bacalusias  consumpsi,  duravi  interrogare  ilium 
5  interpretem  meum,  quod  me  torqueret.  at  ille:  ^ plane 
etiam  hoc  servus  tuus  indicare  potest ;  non  enim  aenigma 
est,  sed  res  aperta.  hie  aper,  cum  heri  summa  cena  eum 
vindicasset,  a  convivis  dimissus  (est) ;  itaque  hodie  tan- 
quam  libertus  in  convivium  revertitur.'      damnavi   ego 

10  stuporem  meum  et  nihil  amplius  interrogavi,  ne  viderer 
nunquam  inter  honestos  cenasse. 

Dum  haec  loquimur,  puer  speciosus,  vitibus  hederisque 
redimitus,  modo  Bromium,  interdum  Lyaeum  Euhiumque 
confessus,  calathisco  uvas  circumtulit  et  poemata  domini 

15  sui  acutissima  voce  traduxit.  ad  quem  sonum  conversus 
Trimalchio  '  Dionyse '  inquit  '  liber  esto.'  puer  detraxit 
pilleum  apro  capitique  suo  imposuit.  tum  Trimalchio 
rursus  adiecit:  'non  negabitis  me'  inquit  'habere  Libe- 
rum  patrem.'     laudavimus  dictum  Trimalchionis  et  cir- 

20  cumeuntem  puerum  sane  perbasiamus. 


CENA    TRIMALCHTONIS.  15 

Trimalchio  leaves  the  table,  general  conversation  ensues.     Dama 

begins  by  praising  wine. 

_y^  Ab  hoc  ferculo  Trimalchio  ad  lasanum  surrexit.     nos 
Mibertatem   sine  tyranno  nacti  coepimus  invitare  convi- 
varum  sermones.     Dama  itaque  primus  cum  pataracina 
poposcisset/ dies'  inquit  'nihil  est.     dum  versas  te,  nox 
fit.     itaque  nihil  est  melius,  quam  de  cubiculo  recta  in  25 
triclinium  ire.     et  mundum   frigus  habuimus.     vix    me 
balneus  calfecit.     tamen  calda  potio  vestiarius  est.     sta-  f^^^t,/^^ 
minatas  duxi,  et  plane  matus  sum.     vinus  mihi  in  cere-  (^   J^O*^ 
brum  abiit.'    "T—  uSYArKK 


Seleucus  agrees  as  to  the  heating  effect  of  wine,  but  gives  a  chilling 
account  of  the  funeral  of  Chrysanthus. 


€ 


Excepit  Seleucus  fabulae  partem  et  '  ego '  inquit  '  non  42 
cotidie  lavor ;  balniscus  enim  fullo  est,  aqua  dentes  habet, 
et  cor  nostrum  cotidie  liquescit.     sed  cum  mulsi  pulta- 
rium   obduxi,   frigori   laecasin   dico.      nee    sane    lavare 
potui ;  fui  enim  hodie  in  f unus.  -^homo  bellus,  tam  bonus     5 
Chrysanthus  animam  ebulliit.      modo,  modo  me  appel- 
lavit.     videor  mihi  cum  illo  loqui.     heu,  eheu.     utres  in- 
flati  ambulamus.     minoris  quam  muscae  sumus,  (muscae) 
'?/j^9imeTi  aliquam  virtutem  habent,  nos  non  pluris  sumus 
quam  bullae,     et  quid  si  non  abstinax  fuisset  ?     quinque  lo 
dies  aquam  in  os  suum  non  coniecit,  non  micam  panis. 
tamen  abiit  ad  plures.     medici  ilium  perdiderunt,  immo 
magis  malus  fatus;  medicus  enim  nihil  aliud  est  quam 
animi  consolatio.      tamen  bene  elatus  est,  vitali  lecto, 
stragiilis  bonis,     planctus  est  optime  —  manu  misit  ali-  15 


16  PETRONII 

quot  —  etiam  si  maligne  ilium  ploravit  uxor,  quid  si 
non  illani  optime  accepisset  ?  sed  mulier  quae  mulier 
milvinum  genus,  neminem  nihil  boni  facere  oportet; 
aeque  est  enim  ac  si  in  puteum  conicias.  sed  antiquus 
20  amor  cancer  est.' 

Phileros  tells  a  more  cheerful  tale  about  the  prosperous  brother  of 

Chrysanthus. 

43  Molestus  f uit,  Philerosque  proclamavit :  '  vivorum  me- 
minerimus.  ille  habet,  quod  sibi  debebatur:  honeste 
vixit,  honeste  obiit.  quid  habet  quod  queratur?  ab 
asse  crevit  et  paratus  fuit  quadrantem  de  stercore  mor- 
5  dicus  tollere.  itaque  crevit,  quicquid  crevit,  tanquam 
favus.  puto  mehercules  ilium  reliquisse  solida  centum, 
et  omnia  in  nummis  habuit.  de  re  tamen  ego  verum 
dicam,  qui  linguam  caninam  comedi :  durae  buccae  fuit, 
linguosus,  discordia,  non  homo,     frater  eius  fortis  fuit, 

10  amicus  amico,  manu  plena,  uncta  mensa.  et  inter  initia 
malam  parram  pilavit,  sed  recorrexit  costas  illius  prima 
vindemia;  vendidit  enim  vinum,  quanti  ipse  voluit.  et 
quod  illius  mentum  sustulit,  hereditatem  accepit,  ex  qua 
plus  involavit,  quam  illi  relictum  est.     et  ille  stips,  dum 

15  fratri  suo  irascitur,  nescio  cui  terrae  filio  patrimonium 
elegavit.  longe  fugit,  quisquis  suos  fagit.  habuit  autem 
oricularios  servos,  qui  ilium  pessum  dederunt.  nunquam 
autem  recte  faciei,  qui  cito  credit,  utique  homo  negotians. 
tamen  verum  quod  frunitus  est,  quam  diu  vixit 

20  cui  datum  est,  non  cui  destinatum.  plane  Fortunae 
filius,  in  manu  illius  plumbum  aurum  fiebat.  facile 
est  autem,  ubi  omnia  quadrata  currunt.     et  quot  putas 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  17 

ilium  annos  secum  tulisse?  septiiaginta  et  supra,  sed 
corneolus  fuit,  aetatem  beue  ferebat,  niger  tanquam  cor- 
vus.  noveram  hominem  olim  oliorum,  et  adhuc  salax  25 
erat.  nou  mehercules  ilium  puto  in  domo  canem  reli- 
quisse.  immo  etiam  pullarius  erat,  omnis  minervae 
homo,     nee  iniprobo;  hoc  solum  enim  secum  tulit.' 

Ganymedes  complains  of  high  prices  in  the  grain  market ;  the  good 
old  time  of  generous  Aediles  is  gone  ;  and  men  do  not  seek  divine 
help  in  times  of  famine  as  they  used  to. 

Haec  Phileros  dixit,  ilia  Ganymedes :   '  narratis  quod  44 
nee  ad  caelum  nee  ad  terram  pertinet,  cum  interim  nemo 
curat,  quid  annona  mordet.     non  mehercules  hodie  buc- 
cam  panis  invenire  potui.     et  quomodo  siccitas  perseve- 
rat.     iam  annum  esuritio  fuit.     aediles  male  eveniat,  qui    5 
cum  pistoribus  colludunt  "  serva  me,  servabo  te."    itaque 
populus  minutus  laborat ;  nam  isti  maiores  maxillae  sem- 
per Saturnalia  agunt.     o  si  haberemus  illos  leones,  quos 
ego  hie  inveni,   cum  primum  ex  Asia  veni.     illud  erat 
vivere.     simila  si  siligine  inferior  esset,  laruas  sic  istos  lO 
percolopabant,  ut  illis  lupiter   iratus  esset.     [sed]   me- 
mini  Safinimn :    tunc  habitabat  ad   arcum  veterem,  me 
puero,  piper,  non  homo,     is  quacunque  ibat,  terram  adu- 
rebat.      sed  rectus,  sed  certus,  amicus   amico,  cum   quo 
audacter  posses  in  tenebris  micare.     in  curia  autem  quo-  15 
modo  singulos  [vfl]  pilabat  [tractabat].      nee  schemas 
loquebatur  sed  directum,     cum  ageret  porro  in  foro,  sic 
illius  vox  :rescebat  tanquam  tuba,     nee  sudavit  unquam 
nee  expuit,  puto  eum  nescio  quid  Asiadis  habuisse,     et 
quam  benignus  resalutare,  nomina  omnium  reddere,  tan-  20 


18  PETBONII 

quam  unus  de  nobis,  itaque  illo  tempore  annona  pro 
luto  erat.  asse  panem  quern  einisses,  non  potuisses  cum 
altero  devorare.  nunc  oculum  bublum  vidi  maiorem. 
lieu  heu,  quotidie  peius.     haec  colonia  retroversus  crescit 

25  tanquam  coda  vituli.  sed  quare  nos  habemus  aedilem 
trium  cauniarum,  qui  sibi  mavult  assem  quam  vitam 
nostram  ?  itaque  domi  gaudet,  plus  in  die  nummorum 
accipit,  quam  alter  patrimonium  habet.  iam  scio,  unde 
acceperit  denarios  mille  aureos.     sed  si  nos  coleos  habe- 

30  remus,  non  tantum  sibi  placeret.  nunc  populus  est  domi 
leones,  foras  vulpes.  quod  ad  me  attinet,  iam  pannos 
meos  comedi,  et  si  perseverat  haec  annona,  casulas  meas 
vendam.  quid  enim  futurum  est,  si  nee  dii  nee  homines 
huius  coloniae  miserentur  ?     ita  meos  f runiscar,  ut  ego 

35  puto  omnia  ilia  a  diibus  fieri,  nemo  enim  caelum  caelum 
putat,  nemo  ieiunium  servat,  nemo  lovem  pili  facit,  sed 
omnes  opertis  oculis  bona  sua  computant.  antea  stolatae 
ibant  nudis  pedibus  in  clivum,  passis  capillis,  mentibus 
puris,  et  lovem  aquam  exorabant.     itaque  statim  urcea- 

40  tim  plovebat ;  aut  tunc  aut  nunquam  ;  et  omnes  redibant 
udi  tanquam  mures,  itaque  dii  pedes  lanatos  habent, 
quia  nos  religiosi  non  sumus.     agri  iacent '  — 

A  long  harangue  hy  Echion :  "  things  never  remain  at  their  worst ; 
our  Titus  will  cheer  us  with  gladiatorial  shows."  The  speaker 
may  seem  too  talkative,  but  he  has  some  promising  lads  at  home 
whom  he  desires  Agamemnon  to  see. 

45  '  Oro  te '  inquit  Echion  centonarius  '  melius  loquere. 
"  modo  sic,  modo  sic ''  inquit  rusticus ;  varium  porcum 
perdiderat.     quod  liodie  non  est,  eras  erit:    sic  vita  tru- 


CENA   TKIMALCH10>IS.  19 

ditur.     non  mehercules  patria  raelior  dici  potest,  si  homi- 
nes haberet.     sed  laborat  hoc  tempore,  nee  haec  sola.    5 
non   debemus   delicati   esse,   ubique   medius   caelus  est. 
tu  si  aliiibi  fueris,  dices  hie  porcos  coctos  ambulare.     et 
ecce   habituri   siimus   munus   excellente    in    triduo    die 
festa;    familia   non   lanisticia,    sed   plurinii    liberti.     et 
Titus  noster  magnum   animum   habet   et   est  caldicere-  lO 
brius ;    aut   hoc   aut   illud  erit,   quid  utique.     nam   illi 
domesticus  sum,  non  est  miscix.     ferrum  optimum  datu- 
rus  est,  sine  fuga,  carnarium  in  medio,  ut  amphitheater 
videat.     et  habet  unde ;  relictum  est  illi  sestertium  tri- 
centies,  decessit  illius  pater  male,     ut  quadringenta  im-  15 
pendat,  non   sentiet   patrimonium   illius,  et  sempiterno 
nominabitur.     iam  IVIanios  aliquot  habet  et  mulierem  es- 
sedariam  et  dispensatorem  Glyconis,  qui  deprehensus  est, 
cum  dominam  suam  delectaretur.     videbis  populi  rixam 
inter  zelotypos  et  amasiunculos.     Glyco  autem,  sestertia-  20 
rius  homo,  dispensatorem  ad  bestias  dedit.     hoc  est  se 
ipsum  traducere.     quid  servus  peccavit,  qui  coactus  est 
facere  ?      magis   ilia  matella   digna   fuit,   quam   taurus 
iactaret.      sed  qui  asinum  non   potest,   stratum   caedit. 
quid  autem  Glyco  putabat  Hermogenis  filicem  unquam  25 
bonum  exitum  facturam  ?     ille  milvo  volanti  poterat  un- 
gues resecare ;   colubra  restem  non  parit.     Glyco,  Glyco 
dedit  suas ;    itaque  quamdiu  vixerit,   habebit   stigmam, 
nee  illam  nisi  Orcus  delebit.     sed   sibi  quisque  peccat. 
sed  subolfacio,  quod  nobis  epulum  daturus  est  Mammaea,  30 
binos  denarios  mihi  et  meis.     quod  si  hoc  fecerit,  eripiat 
Norbano  totum  favorem.    scias  oportet,  plenis  velis  hunc 
vinciturum.     et  revera,  quid  ille  nobis  boni  fecit  ?    dedit 


20  PETRONII 

gladiatores  sestertiarios  iam  decrepitos,  quos  si  sufflas- 

35  ses,  cecidissent;  iam  meliores  bestiarios  vidi.  occidit 
de  lucerna  equites,  putares  eos  gallos  gallinaceos ;  alter 
burdubasta ;  alter  loripes,  tertiarius  mortims  pro  mortuo, 
qui  habebat  nervia  praecisa.  unus  alicuius  flaturae  fuit 
Thraex,  qui  et  ipse  ad  dictata  pugnavit.     ad  summam, 

40  omnes  postea  secti  sunt;  adeo  de  magna  turba  "adhi- 
bete  "  acceperant,  plane  f ugae  merae.  "  munus  tamen  " 
inquit  "tibi  dedi,"  et  ego  tibi  plodo.     computa,  et  tibi 

46  plus  do  quam  accepi.  manus  manum  lavat.  Videris 
mihi,  Agamemnon,  dicere :  "  quid  iste  argutat  moles- 
tus  ? "  quia  tu,  qui  potes  loqui,  non  loquere.  non  es 
nostrae  fasciae,  et  ideo  pauperorum  verba  derides,  sci- 
5  mus  te  prae  literas  fatuum  esse,  quid  ergo  est  ?  aliqua 
die  te  persuadeam  ut  ad  villam  venias  et  videas  casulas 
nostras  ?  inveniemus  quod  manducemus,  pullum,  ova ; 
belle  erit,  etiam  si  omnia  hoc  anno  tempestas  dispare 
pallavit;   inveniemus  ergo  unde  saturi  fiamus.     et  iam 

10  tibi  discipulus  crescit  cicaro  mens,  iam  quattuor  partis 
dicit;  si  vixerit,  habebis  ad  latus  servulum.  nam  quic- 
quid  illi  vacat,  caput  de  tabula  non  tollit.  ingeniosus 
est  et  bono  filo,  etiam  si  in  aves  morbosus  est.  ego  illi 
iam  tres  cardeles  occidi,  et  dixi  quod  mustella  comedit. 

15  invenit  tamen  alias  nenias,  et  libentissime  pingit.  cete- 
rum  iam  Graeculis  calcem  impingit  et  Latinas  coepit 
non  male  appetere,  etiam  si  magister  eius  sibi  placens  fit 
nee  uno  loco  consistit,  sed  venit  dem  literas,  sed  non 
vult  laborare.     est  et  alter  non  quidem  doctus,  sed  curio- 

20  sus,  qui  plus  docet  quam  scit.  itaque  feriatis  diebus 
solet  domum  venire,  et  quicquid  dederis,  contentus  est. 


CENA   TRIMALCHIOXIS.  21 

emi  ergo  nunc  puero  aliquot  libra  rubricata,  quia  volo 
ilium  ad  domusionem  aliquid  de  iure  gustare.  habet 
haec  res  panem.  nam  Uteris  satis  inquinatus  est.  quod 
si  resilierit,  destinavi  ilium  (aliquid)  artificii  docere,  aut  25 
tonstreinum  aut  praeconem  aut  certe  causidicum,  quod 
illi  auferre  non  possit  nisi  Oreus.  ideo  illi  cotidie 
clamo;  "Primigeni,  crede  mihi,  quicquid  diseis,  tibi 
discis.  vides  Phileronem  causidicum  :  si  non  didicisset, 
hodie  famem  a  labris  non  abigeret.  modo,  modo  collo  3u 
suo  circumferebat  onera  venalia,  nunc  etiam  adversus 
Xorbanum  se  extendit.  literae  thesaurum  est,  et  artifi- 
cium  nunquam  moritur." 


n 


Trimalchio  returns  to  the  banquet;  his  consideration.     Three  porkers 
are  driven  in,  one  of  which  shall  be  served  up  for  the  banquet. 

Eiusmodi  fabulae  vibrabant,  cum  Trimalchio  intravit  47 
et,  detecsa  fronte,  unguento  manus  lavit  spatioque  minimo 
interposito  '  ignoscite  mihi '  inquit  '  amici,  multis  iam  die- 
bus  venter  mihi  non  respondit.     nee  medici  se  inveniunt. 
profuit  mihi  tamen  malicorium  et  taeda  ex  aceto.     spero    5 
tamen,  iam  veterem   pudorem    sibi   imponet.      alioquin 
circa  stomachum  mihi  sonat,  putes  taurum.      itaque  si 
quis   vestrum  voluerit  sua   re   [causa]    facere,  non   est 
quod  ilium  pudeatur.      nemo  nostrum  solide  natus  est. 
ego  nullum  puto  tam   magnum   tormentum    esse    quam  lo 
continere.      hoc  solum  vetare  nee  lovis  potest,      rides, 
Fortunata,  quae  soles  me  nocte  desomnem  facere?     nee 
tamen  in  triclinio  ullum  vetuo  facere  quod  se  iuvet,  et 
medici  vetant  continere.     vel  si  quid  plus  venit,  omnia 
foras  parata  sunt:  aqua,  lasani  et  cetera  minutalia.     ere-  15 


22  PETRONII 

dite  mihi,  anathymiasis  in  cerebrum  it  et  in  toto  cor- 
pore  fluctum  facit.  multos  scio  sic  periisse,  dum  nplunt 
sibi  verum  dicere.'  gratias  agimus  liberalitati  indulgen- 
tiaeque  eius,  et  subinde  castigamus  crebris  potiunculis 

20  risum.  nee  adhuc  sciebamus  nos  in  medio  lautitiarum, 
qnod  aiunt,  clivo  laborare.  nam  cum,  mundatis  ad  sym- 
phoniam  mensis,  tres  albi  sues  in  triclinium  adducti  sunt 
capistris  et  tintinnabulis  culti,  quorum  unum  bimum 
nomenculator  esse  dicebat,  alterum  trimum,  tertium  vero 

25  iam  sexennem,  ego  putabam  petauristarios  intrasse  et 
porcos,  sicut  in  circulis  mos  est,  portenta  aliqua  factu- 
ros ;  sed  Trimalchio  expectatione  discussa  '  quern '  inquit 
'  ex  eis  vultis  in  cenam  statim  fieri  ?  gallum  enim  galli- 
naceum,  penthi^cum  et  eiusmodi  nenias  rusj^ici  faciunt : 

30  mei  coci  etiam  vitulos  aeno  coctos  solent  facere.'  con- 
tinuoque  cocum  vocari  iussit,  et  non  expectata  electione 
nostra  maximum  natu  iussit  occidi,  et  clara  voce  '  ex 
quota '  inquit  '  decuria  es  ? '  cum  ille  se  ex  quadr^ge- 
sima  respondissetj  'empticius  an'  inquit  'domi  natus  ? ' 

35  '  neutrum '  inquit  cocus  '  sed  testamento  Pansae  tibi 
relictus  sum.'     '  vide  ergo '  ^it  '  ut  diligenter  ponas  ;    si 

non,  te  iubebo  in  decuriam  viatorum  conici.'     et  cocum 

>. 

quidem  potentiae  admouitum  in  culinam  obsonium  duxit, 

Trimalchio  tells  of  his  estates;  he  would  gladly  add  to  what  he  has. 
His  two  libraries;  his  hazy  knowledge  of  their  contents. 

48  Trimalchio  autem  miti  ad  nos  vultu  respexit  et  '  vinum ' 
inquit  '  si  non  placet,  mutabo ;  vos  illud  oportet  bonum 
faciatis.  deorum  beneficio  non  emo,  sed  nunc  quicquid 
ad  salivam  facit,  in   suburban  o   nascitur   eo,  quod   ego 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  23 

adhuc  non  novi.  dicitur  confine  esse  Tarraciniensibus  5 
et  Tarentinis.  nunc  coniungere  agellis  Siciliam  volo  ut, 
cum  African!  libuerit  ire,  per  meos  fines  navigem.  sed 
narra  tu  mihi,  Agamemnon,  quam  controversiam  hodie 
declamasti  ?  ego  etiam  si  causas  non  ago,  in  domusio- 
nem  tamen  literas  didici.  et  ne  me  putes  studia  fasti-  lo 
ditum,  II  bvbliothecas  liabeo,  imam  Graecam,  alteram 
Latinam.  die  ergo,  si  me  amas,  peristasim  declamatio- 
nis  tuae.'  cum  dixisset  Agamemnon  'pauper  et  dives 
inimici  erant,'  ait  Trimalchio  'quid  est  pauper?'  'jir,- 
bane '  inquit  Agamemnon  et  nescio  quam  controversiam  15 
exposuit.  statim  Trimalchio  'hoc'  inquit  'si  factum  est, 
controversia  non  est ;  si  factum  non  est,  nihil  est.'  haec 
aliaque  cum  effusissimis  prosequeremur  laudationibus, 
'rogo'  inquit  'Agamemnon  mihi  carissime,  numquid  duo- 
decim  aerumnas  Herculis  tenes,  aut  de  Vlixe  fabulam,  20 
quemadmodum  illi  Cyclops  pollicem  porcino  extorsit? 
solebam  haec  ego  puer  apud  Homerum  legere.  nam 
Sibyllam  quidem  Cumis  ego  ipse  oculis  meis  vidi  in  am- 
pulla pendere,  et  cum  illi  pueri  dicerent :  ^LJSvWa,  tl  6e- 
A.€is;  respondebat  ilia :  diroOave^v  6eXo}.^  25 

With  astonishing  quickness  the  porker  is  brought  in.      Upon  being 
drawn,  it  discloses  the  side  dishes  of  the  course. 

No^dum  efflaverat  omnia,  cum  repositorium  cum  sue  49 
ing^ti  mensam  occupavit.    mirari  nos  celeritatem  coepi- 
mus  et  iuyare,  ne  gallum  quidem  gallinaceum  tam  cito 
percoqui  potuisse,  tanto  quidem  magis,  quod  louge  maior 
nobis  porcus  videbatur  esse,  quam  paulo  ante  aper  f  uerat.     5 
deinde  magis  magisque  Trimalchio  intuens  eum  'quid? 


T 


rN^ 


>^X 


24  PETRONII 

quid?'  inquit  ^porcus  hie  non  est  exinteratus ?  non 
mehercules  est.  voca,  voca  cocum  in  medio.'  cum  con- 
stitisset  ad  mensam  cocus  tristis  et  diceret  se  oblitum 

10  esse  exinterare,  '  quid  ?  oblitus  ? '  Trimalchio  exclamat 
'  putes  ilium  piper  et  cuminum  non  coniecisse.  despo- 
lia.'  non  fit  mora,  despoliatur  cocus  atque  inter  duos 
tortores  maestus  consistit.  deprecari  tamen  omnes  coe- 
perunt  et  dicere  '  solet  fieri ;  rogamus,  mittas ;  postea  si 

15  fecerit,  nemo  nostrum  pro  illo  rogabit.'  ego,  crudelis- 
simae  severitatis,  non  potui  me  tenere,  sed  inclinatus  ad 
aurem  Agamemnonis  'plane'  inquam  'hie  debel;  servus 
esse  nequissimus ;  aliquis  oblivisceretur  porcum  exinte- 
rare?  non  mehercules  illi  ignoscerem,  si  piscem  praeteris- 

20  set.'  at  non  Trimalchio,  qui  relaxato  in  hilaritatem  vultu 
'  ergo '  inquit  '  quia  tam  malae  memoriae  es,  palam  nobis 
ilium  exintera.'  recepta  cocus  tunica  cultrum  arripuit 
porcique  ventrem  hinc  atque  illinc  timida  manu  secuit. 

■ 

nee  mora,  ex  plagis  ponderis  inclinatione  crescentibus 
25  tomacula  cum  botulis  effusa  sunt. 

The  cook  is  rewarded  with  a  Corinthian  drinking  service.     Origin 
of  such  ware.     Glass  is  in  some  respects  better. 

50  Plausum  post  hoc  automatum  familia  dedit  et  '  Gaio 
feliciter'  conclamavit.  nee  non  cocus  potione  honora- 
tus  est  et  argentea  corona,  poculumque  in  lance  accepit 
Corinthia.  quam  cum  Agamemnon  propius  consideraret, 
5  ait  Trimalchio  '  solus  sum  qui  vera  Corinthea  habeam.' 
expectabam,  ut  pro  reliqua  insolentia  diceret  sibi  vasa 
Corintho  afferri.  sed  ille  melius :  '  et  forsitan '  inquit 
'quaeris,  quare   solus   Corinthea  vera  possideam:    quia 


CEXA   TKIMALCHIONIS.  25 

scilicet  aeramis,  a  quo  emp,  Corinthus  vocatur.     quid  est 
autem  Corintheum,  nisi  quis  Corinthum  habet?    et   ne  lO 
me  putetis  nesapium  esse,  valde  bene  scio,  unde  primum 
Corinthea  nata  sint.     cum  Ilium  captum  est,  Hannibal, 
homo  vafer  et  magnus  stelio,  omnes  statuas   aeneas  et 
aureas  et  argenteas  in  uniml  ro^m  concessit  et  eas  in- 
ceiiait;    factae  sunt  in  unum  ae^  miscellanea,     ita  ex  15 
hac  massa  fa<bri  sustulerunt  et  fecerunt  catilla  et  paropsi- 
des  (et)  staturtcula.     sic  Corinthea  nata  sunt,  ex  omnibus 
in  unum,  ne6  hoc  nee  illud.     ignoscetis  mihi,  quod  dixero :    ^x 
ego  malo  mihi  vitrea,  certe  non  olunt.    quod  si  non  frange- 
rentur,  mallem  mihi  quam  aurum  ;  nunc  autem  vilia  sunt.  20 

Trimalchio's  story  of  the  inventor  of  malleable  glass.     He  feels  his 
wine,  and  requests  Fortunata  to  dance. 

Fuit   tamen   faber   qui   fecit   phia^lam   vitream,    quae  51 
non  frangebatur.     adn^issus  ergo  Caesarem  est  cum  suo 
munere,  deinde  fecit  se  porrigere  Caesari  et   illam   in  ^ 

pavimentum   proiecit.      Caesar  non  po^e  valdius  quam 
expavit.     at  ille  sustulit  phialam  de  terra;  collisa  erat    5 
tanquam  vasum  aeneum ;  deinde  martiolum  de  smu  prgr 
tulit  et  phialam  otio  belle  coi^rexit.     hoc  facto  putabat  se 
solium  lovis  tenefe,  utique  postquam  (Caesar)  illi  dixit 
"  nuii^miid  alius  scit  banc  condituram  vitreorum  ?  "  vide      ^  ^ 
modo.     postquam  negavit,  iussit '  ilium  Caesar  decollari :   lo 
quia  enim,  si  scitum  esset,  aurum  pro  luto  haberemus. 
in  argento  plane  studiosus  sum.     habeo  scyphos  urnales  52 
plus  minus  (C)  quemadraodum  Cassandra 

occidit  filios  suos,  et  pueri  mortui  iacent  sic  ut  vivere 
putes.      habeo  capides  M,  quas  reliquit   patrono  (meo) 


26  PETRONII 

5  Mummius,  ubi  Daedalus  Niobam  in  equum 

Troianum  includit.  nam  Hermerotis  pugnas  et  Petraitis 
in  poculis  habeo,  omnia  ponderosa;  meum  enim  intelligere 
nulla  pecunia  vendo.' 

Haec  dum  refert,  puer  calicem  proiecit.     ad  quem  respi- 

10  ciens  Trimalchio '  cito '  inquit '  te  ipsum  caede,  quia  nugax 
es.'  statim  puer  demisso  labro  orare.  at  ille  '  quid  me ' 
inquit  'rogas  ?  tanquam  ego  tibi  molestus  sim.  suadeo, 
a  te  impetres,  ne  sis  nugax.'  tandem  ergo 

exoratus  a  nobis  missionem  dedit  puero.     ille  dimissus 

15  circa  mensam  percucurrit 

et  '  aquam  f oras,  vinum  intro '  clamavit  excipimus 

urbanitatem  iocantis,  et  ante  omnes  Agamemnon,  qui  scie- 
bat  quibus  meritis  revocaretur  ad  cenam.  ceterum  lau- 
datus  Trimalchio  hilarius  bibit  et  iam  ebrio  proximus 

20  '  nemo '   inquit   '  vestrum   rogat   Fortunatam   meam,   ut 
saltet?  credite  mihi :  cordacem  nemo  melius  ducit.' 
atque  ipse  erectis  supra   frontem   manibus    Syrum   his- 
trionem  exhibebat  concinente  tota  familia  'madeia  peri- 
madeia.'    et  prodisset  in  medium,  nisi  Fortunata  ad  aurem 

25  accessisset ;  [et]  credo,  dixerit  non  decere  gravitatem  eius 
tam  humiles  ineptias.  nihil  autem  tam  inaequale  erat; 
nam  modo  Fortunatam  (verebatur),  modo  ad  naturam 
suam  revertebatur. 

Report  of  Trimalchio'' s  accountant  on  a  day's  happenings  on  his 
master's  estates.     Juggler's  perform. 

53  Et  plane  interpellavit  saltationis  libidinem  actuarius, 
qui  tanquam   urbis  acta  recitavit :    '  VII.  kalendas   sex- 


I 


CEKA   TRIMALCIIIONIS.  27 

tiles:   in  praedio  Cumano,  quod  est  Trimalchionis,  nati 
sunt   pueri  XXX,  puellae .  XL ;    sublata  in  horreum  ex 
area    tritici    millia    modium   quingenta;    boves    domiti    5 
quingenti.      eodem   die :    Mithridates  servus   in  crucem 
actus   est,  quia  Gai  nostri   genio  male  dixerat.     eodem 
die:    in   arcam    relatum  est,  quod  collocari  non  potuit, 
sestertium  centies.     eodem  die :    incendium   factum   est 
in  hortis  Pompeianis,  ortum  ex  aedibus  Nastae  vilici.'  lO 
'  quid  ? '    inquit    Trimalchio   '  quando    mihi    Pompeiani 
horti  empti  sunt  ? '    '  anno  priore '  inquit  actuarius  '  et 
ideo  in  rationem  nondum  venerunt.'     excanduit  Trimal- 
chio et  '  quicunque '  inquit  *  mihi   fundi   empti  fuerint, 
nisi  intra  sextum  mensem  sciero,  in  rationes  meas  inferri  15 
vetuo.'     iam  etiam  edicta  aedilium  recitabantur  et  sal- 
tuariorum    testamenta,    quibus    Trimalchio    cum    elogio 
exheredabatur ;    iam  nomina   vilicorum   et   repudiata   a 
circitore  liberta  in  balneatoris  contubernio  deprehensa  et 
atriensis  Baias  relegatus ;  iam  reus  factus  dispensator  et  20 
indicium  inter  cubicularios  actum. 

Petauristarii  autem  tandem  venerunt.  baro  insulsis- 
simus  cum  scalis  constitit  puerumque  iussit  per  gradus 
et  in  summa  parte  odaria  saltare,  circulos  deinde  ardentes 
transilire  et  dentibus  amphoram  sustinere.  mirabatur  25 
haec  solus  Trimalchio  dicebatque  ingratum  artificium 
esse,  ceterum  duo  esse  in  rebus  humanis,  quae  liben- 
tissime  spectaret,  petauristarios  et  cornicines ;  reliqua 
[animalia]  acroamata  tricas  meras  esse.  '  nam  et  comoe- 
dos '  inquit  'emeram,  sed  malui  illos  Atellaniam  facere,  30 
et  choraulen  meum  iussi  Latine  cantare.' 


28  PETRONII 

An  accident  leads  to  conversation  on  the  unexpected.     Trimalchio's 

epigram.     Puhlilius  criticised. 

54      Cum  maxime  haec  dicente  Gaio  puer 

Trimalchionis  delapsus  est.  conclamavit  familia,  nee 
minus  convivae,  non  propter  hominem  tarn  putidum, 
cuius  et  cervices  fractas  libenter  vidissent,  sed  propter 
5  malum  exitum  cenae,  ne  necesse  haberent  alienum  mor- 
tuum  plorare.  ipse  Trimalchio  cum  graviter  ingemuisset 
superque  brachium  tanquam  laesum  incubuisset,  concur- 
rere  medici,  et  inter  primos  Fortunata  crinibus  passis 
cum  scypho,  miseramque  se  atque  infelicem  proclamavit. 

10  nam  puer  quidem,  qui  ceciderat,  circumibat  iam  dudum 
pedes  nostros  et  missionem  rogabat.  pessime  mihi  erat, 
ne  his  precibus  per  ridiculum  aliquid  catastropha  quaere- 
retur.  nee  enim  adhuc  exciderat  cocus  ille,  qui  oblitus 
fuerat   porcum   exinterare.     itaque  totum  circumspicere 

15  triclinium  coepi,  ne  per  parietem  automatum  aliquod 
exiret,  utique  postquam  servus  verberari  coepit,  qui 
brachium  domini  contusum  alba  potius  quam  conchy- 
liata  involverat  lana.  nee  longe  aberravit  suspicio  mea ; 
in  vicem  enim  poenae  venit  decretum  Trimalchionis,  quo 

20  puerum  iussit  liberum  esse,  ne  quis  posset  dicere  tantum 
virum  esse  a  servo  vulneratum. 

65      Oomprobamus  nos  factum  et  quam  in  prae- 

cipiti  res  humanae  essent,  vario  sermone  garrimus.     *ita' 

inquit  Trimalchio  '  non  oportet  hunc  casum  sine  inscrip- 

tione  transire '  statimque  codicillos  poposcit  et  non  diu 

5  cogitatione  distorta  haec  recitavit : 

'  quod  non  expectes,  ex  transverso  Jit  (ubique) 
{no'strd)  et  supra  7ios  Fortuna  negotia  curat. 
quare  da  nobis  vina  Falerna,  puer.' 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  29 

Ab  hoc  epigram  mate  coepit  poetarum  esse  mentio 
diuque  summa  carminis  penes  Mopsum  Thracem  memorata  est  10 
donee  Trimalchio  '  rogo '  inquit  '  magister,  quid  putas  inter  Oice- 
ronem  et  Publilium  interesse?     ego  alterum  puto  disertiorem 
fuisse,  alterum  honestiorem.     quid  enim  his  melius  dici  potest? 
"  luxuriae  rictu  Mdrtis  marcent  moenia. 

tuo  palato  clausus  pavo  pdscitur  16 

plumdto  amictus  aureo  Babylonico, 

gallina  tibi  Numidica,  tibi  gallus  spado ; 

ciconia  etiam,  grdta  peregrina  hospita 

pietaticultrix  grdcilipes  crotalistria 

avis  exul  hiemis,  titulus  tepidi  temporis,  20 

nequitiae  nidum  in  caccabo  fecit  modo. 

quo  margaritam  cdram  tibi,  bacam  Indicam  ? 

an  ut  matrona  orndta  phaleris  pelagiis 

tolldt  pedes  indomita  in  strato  extraneo  ? 

zmaragdum  ad  quam  rem  viridem,  pretiosum  vitnim  ?        25 

quo  Oarchedonios  optas  ignes  lapideos, 

nisi  tit  scintillet  probitas  e  carbunculis  ? 

aequum  est  induere  nuptam  ventum  textilem, 

paldm  prostare  nudam  in  nebula  linea  ?  " 

Why  it  goes  hard  unth  doctors  and  money  changers  and  sheep  and 

oxen.     Favors  are  distributed. 

'Quod  autem'  inquit  'putamus  secundum  literas  diffi-  56 
cillimum  esse  artificium  ?     ego  puto  medicum  et  num- 
mularium :    medicus,   qui    scit   quid    homunciones    intra 
praecordia  sua  habeant  et  quando  febris   veniat,  etiam 
si  illos  odi  pessime,  quod  mihi  iubent  saepe  anatinam    5 
parari ;  nummularius,  qui  per  argentum  aes  videt.     nam 


30  PETRONII 

mutae  bestiae  laboriosissimae  boves  et  oves :  boves,  quo- 
rum beneficio  panem  manducamus  ;  oves,  quod  lana  illae 
nos  gloriosos  faciunt.     et  f acinus  indignum,  aliquis  ovil- 

10  lam  est  et  tunicam  habet.  apes  enim  ego  divinas  bestias 
puto,  quae  mel  vomunt,  etiam  si  dicuntur  illud  a  love 
afferre ;  ideo  autem  pungunt,  quia  ubicunque  dulce  est,  ihi 
et  acidum  invenies.' 

lam  etiam  philosophos  de  negotio  deiciebat,  cum  pitta- 

15  cia  in  scypho  circumferri  coeperunt,  puerque  super  hoc 
positus  officium  apophoreta  recitavit.  'argentum  scele- 
ratum ' :  allata  est  perna,  super  quam  acetabula  erant 
posita.  '  cervical ' :  offla  collaris  allata  est.  '  serisapia 
et  contumelia ' :   xerophagi  ex  sapa  dati  sunt  et  contus 

20  cum  malo.  '  porri  et  persica ' :  flagellum  et  cultrum 
accepit.  '  passeres  et  muscarium ' :  uvam  passam  et  mel 
Atticum.  '  cenatoria  et  f  orensia ' :  offlam  et  tabulas 
accepit.  '  canale  et  pedale ' :  lepus  et  solea  est  allata. 
'  muraena  et  litera ' :  murem  cum  rana  alligata  f ascemque 

25  betae  (accepit).  diu  risimus;  sexcenta  huiusmodi  fue- 
runt,  quae  iam  exciderunt  memoriae  meae. 

Hermeros  berates  Ascyltus. 

57  Ceterum  Ascyltos,  intemperantis  licentiae,  cum  omnia 
sublatis  manibus  eluderet  et  usque  ad  lacrimas  rideret, 
unus  ex  conlibertis  Trimalchionis  excanduit,  is  ipse  qui 
supra  me  discumbebat,  et  '  quid  rides '  inquit  '  vervex  ? 
5  an  tibi  non  placent  lautitiae  domini  mei  ?  tu  enim  bea- 
tior  es  et  convivare  melius  soles.  ^ Jitari:ut^laBa^  huius  loei 
habeam  propitiam,  ut  ego  si  secundum  ilium  discumbe- 
rem,  iam  illi  balatum  cluxissem.      bellum   pomum,  qui 


CENA    TRIMALCFIIONIS.  31 

rideatiir  alios ;   larifuga  nescio  qiiis,  nocturnus,  qui  non 
valet   lotiura    suum.      ad    summam,   si    circumminxero  lO 
ilium,  nesciet  qua  fugiat.      non   mehercules  soleo   cite 
fervere,   sed  in  molle  came  vermes   nascuntur.      ridet. 
quid  habet,   quod  rideat?     numquid   pater   fetum  emit 
lamna?     eques  Romanus  es  :  et  ego  regis  filius.     "quare 
ergo  servivisti  ?  "      quia  ipse  me  dedi  in  servitutem  et  15 
malui  civis  Komanus  esse  quam  tributarius.     et  nunc 
spero  me  sic  vivere,  ut  nemini  iocus  sim.     homo  inter 
homines   sum,   capite   aperto   ambulo;    assem    aerarium 
nemini  debeo ;   constitutum  habui  nunquam ;   nemo  mihi 
in  foro  dixit  ''redde,  quod  debes."     glebulas  emi,  lame-  20 
lullas  paravi ;    viginti  ventres  pasco   et   canem ;   contu- 
bernalem  meam  redemi,  ne  quis  in  (sinu)  illius  manus 
tergeret ;    mille  denarios  pro  capite  solvi ;    sevir  gratis 
factus  sum;  spero,  sic  moriar,  ut  mortuus  non  erubescam. 
-/'tu  autem  tam  laboriosus  es,  ut  post  te  non  respicias?     in  25 
alio  peduclum  vides,  in  te  ricinum  non  vides.     tibi  soli 
ridiclei  videmur;  ecce  m  agister  tuus,  homo  maior  natus : 
placemus  illi.     tu  lacticulosus  nee  mu  nee  ma  argutas, 
vasus  fictilis,  immo  lorus  in  aqua,  lentior,  non  melior.        --p- 
tu  beatior  es :    bis  prande,  bis  cena.     ego  fidem  meam  30 
malo  quam  thesauros.      ad  summam,  quisquam  me  bis 
poposcit  ?     annis  quadraginta  servivi ;  nemo  tamen  sciit, 
utrum  servus  essem  an  liber,     et  puer  capillatus  in  hanc 
coloniam  veni ;  adhuc  basilica  non  erat  facta,     dedi  ta- 
men operam,  ut  domino  satis  facerem,  homini  maiiesto  35 
et  dignitosso,  cuius  pluris  erat  unguis  quam   tu   totus 
es.     et  habebam  in  domo,  qui  mihi  pedem  opponerent 
hac  iliac;  tamen  —  genio  illius  gratias  —  enatavi.     haec 


32  PETRONII 

sunt  vera  athla;    nam   [in]  ingenimm  nasci  tarn  facile  f 

40  est  quam  "accede  istoc."      quid  nunc  stupes  tanquam  j 

T  hircus  in  ervilia  ?  '  ' 


Giton  meets  the  same  punishment. 

58  Post  hoc  dictum  Giton,  qui  ad  pedes  stabat,  risum  iam 
diu  compressum  etiam  indecenter  effudit.  quod  cum 
animadvertisset  adversarius  Ascylti,  flexit  convicium  in 
puerum  et  '  tu  autem '  inquit  ^  etiam  tu  rides,  caepa 
5  cirrata?  io  Saturnalia,  rogo,  mensis  december  est? 
quando  vicesimam  numerasti  ?  quid  faciat,  crucis 

offla,  corvorum  cibaria.  curabo,  iam  tibi  lovis  iratus 
sit,  et  isti  qui  tibi  non  imperat.  ita  satur  pane  fiam, 
ut   ego   istud   conliberto   meo   dono;    alioquin  iam  tibi 

10  depraesentiarum  reddidissem.  bene  nos  habemus,  at 
isti  nugae,  qui  tibi  non  imperant.  plane  qualis  domi- 
nus,  talis  et  servus.  vix  me  teneo,  nee  sum  natura 
caldicerebrius,  (sed)  cum  coepi,  matrem  meam  dupundii 
non   facio.      recte,  videbo  te   in   publicum,  mus,  immo 

15  terrae  tuber :  nee  sursum  nee  deorsum  non  cresco,  nisi 
dominum  tuum  in  rutae  folium  [non]  coniecero,  nee 
tibi  parsero,  licet  mehercules  lovem  Olympium  clames. 
curabo,  longe  tibi  sit  comula  ista  besalis  et  dominus 
dupunduarius.     recte,  venies  sub  dentem :    aut  ego  non 

20  me  novi,  aut  non  deridebis,  licet  barbam  auream  habeas. 
Athana  tibi  irata  sit,  curabo,  et  qui  te  primus  Xrjpiohr} 
fecit.  non   didici   geometrias,   critica   et 

alogias  menias,  sed  lapidarias  literas  scio,  partes  centum 
dico  ad  aes,  ad  pondus,  ad  nummum.     ad  summam,  si 

25  quid  vis,  ego  et  tu  sponsiunculam :  exi,  defero  lamnam. 


^1 


CENA    TRIM ALCH IGNIS.  33 

iam  scies  patrem  tuum  mercedes  perdidisse,  quamvis  et 
rhetoricam  scis.     ecce 

''qui  de  nobis  longe  venio,  late  venio?     solve  me." 
dicam  tibi,  qui  de  nobis  currit  et  de  loco  non  niovetur; 
qui  de  nobis  crescit  et  minor  fit.     curris,  stupes,  satagis,  30 
tanquaui  mus  in  matella.    ergo  aut  tace  aut  melioreni  noli 
molestare,  qui  te  natum  non  putat;  nisi  si  me  iudicas  anu- 
los  buxeos  curare,  quos  amicae  tuae  involasti.    Occuponem 
propitium.    eamus  in  forum  et  pecunias  mutuemur.    iani 
scies  hoc  ferrum  fidem  habere,     vah,  bella  res  est  volpis  35 
uda.    ita  lucrum  faciam  et  ita  bene  moriar  ut  populus  per 
exitum  meum  iuret,  nisi  te  ubique  toga  perversa  fuero  per- 
secutus.     bella  res  et  iste,  qui  te  haec  docet,  mufrius,  non 
magister.      (nos  alia)  didicimus ;  dicebat  enim  magister 
"  sunt  vestra  salva  ?     recta  domum ;  cave,  circumspicias ;  40 
cave,  maiorem  maledicas.      (Qui  illos  scholasticos  bene 
noverit,   omnes  fatuos  esse  sciet,   studia  eorum)  autem 
mera  niapalia.     (Plane  recte  aestimanti)  nemo  (eorum) 
dupondii  evadet."     ego,  quod  me  sic  vides,  propter  arti- 
ficium  meum  diis  gratias  ago.'  45 

A  scene  from  Homer ;  interpretation  by  the  host. 

Coeperat  Ascyltos  respondere  convicio,  sed  Trimalchio  59 
delectatus  colliberti  eloquentia  '  agite  '  inquit  '  scordalias 
de  medio,  suaviter  sit  potius,  et  tu,  Hermeros,  parce 
adulescentulo.  sanguen  illi  fervet,  tu  melior  esto.  sem- 
per in  hac  re  qui  vincitur,  vincit.  et  tu  cum  esses  capo,  5 
cocococo,  atque  cor  non  habebas.  sinius  ergo,  quod  me- 
lius est,  a  primitiis  hilares  et  Homeristas  spectemus.' 
intravit  factio  statim  hastisque  scuta  concrepuit.     ipse 


34  PETRONII 

Trimalchio  in  pulvino  consedit,  et  cum  Homeristae 
10  Graecis  versibus  colloquerentur,  ut  insolenter  solent, 
ille  canora  voce  Latine  legebat  librum.  mox  silentio 
facto  Ascitis'  inquit  ^quam  fabulam  agant?  Diomedes 
et  Ganymedes  duo  fratres  fuerunt.  horum  soror  erat 
Helena.  Agamemnon  illam  rapuit  et  Dianae  cervam 
15  subiecit.  ita  nunc  Homeros  dicit,  quemadmodum  inter 
se  pugnent  Troiani  et  Parentini.  vicit  scilicet  et  Iphi- 
geniam,  iiliam  suam,  Achilli  dedit  uxorem.  ob  earn  rem 
Aiax  insanit  et  statim  argumentum  explicabit.'  baec  ut 
dixit  Trimalchio,  clamorem  Homeristae  sustulerunt,  in- 
20  terque  familiam  discurrentem  vitulus  in  lance  ducenaria 
elixus  allatus  est,  et  quidem  galeatus.  secutus  est  Aiax 
strictoque  gladio,  tanquam  insaniret,  concidit,  ac  modo 
versa  modo  supina  gesticulatus,  mucrone  frusta  collegit 
mirantibusque  vitulum  partitus  est. 

A  hoop  hung  with  favors  descends  from  the  ceiling.     A  new  and 
dainty  course.     The  Lares  are  brought  in. 

60  Nec  diu  mirari  licuit  tarn  elegantes  strophas;  nam 
repente  lacunaria  sonare  coeperunt  totumque  triclinium 
intremuit.  consternatus  ego  exsurrexi  et  timui,  ne  per 
tectum  petauristarius  aliquis  descenderet.  nee  minus 
5  reliqui  convivae  mirantes  erexere  vultus,  expectantes 
quid  novi  de  caelo  nuntiaretur.  ecce  autem  diductis 
lacunaribus  subito  circulus  ingens,  de  cupa  videlicet 
grandi  excussus,  demittitur,  cuius  per  totum  orbem  coro- 
nae  aureae  cum  alabastris   unguenti   pendebant.      dum 

10  haec  apophoreta  iubemur  sumere,  respiciens  ad  mensam 
(rursus  rem  novam  notavi).     iam  illic  repositorium  cum 


CENA    TKIMALCHIONIS.  35 

placeDtis  aliquot  erat  positura,  quod  medium  Priapus  a 
pistore  factus  tenebat,  gremioque  satis  amplo  omnis 
generis  poma  et  uvas  sustinebat  more  vulgato.  avidius 
ad  pompam  manus  porreximus,  et  repente  nova  ludorum  lo 
missio  liilaritatem  hie  refecit.  omnes  enim  placentae 
omniaque  poma  etiam  minima  vexatione  contacta  coepe- 
runt  effundere  crocum,  et  usque  ad  os  molestus  umor 
accidere.  rati  ergo  sacrum  esse  fericulum  tarn  religioso 
apparatu  perfusum,  consurreximus  altius  et  'Augusto,  20 
patri  patriae,  feliciter'  diximus.  quibusdam  tamen 
etiam  post  lianc  venerationem  poma  rapientibus  et  ipsi 
mappas  implevimus,  ego  praecipue,  qui  nullo  satis  amplo 
munere  putabam  me  one  rare  Gitonis  sinum. 

Inter  haec  tres  pueri  Candidas  succincti   tunicas   in-  25 
traverunt,   quorum   duo   Lares   bullatos    super   mensam 
posuerunt,  unus  pateram  vini  circumferens  '  dii  propitii ' 
clamabat.  aiebat  autem  unum  Cerdonem,  al- 

terum  Felicionem,  tertium  Lucrionem  vocari.     nos  etiam 
veram  imaginem  ipsius  Trimalchionis,  cum  iam  omnes  30 
basiarent,  erubuimus  praeterire. 

The  werwolf. 

Postquam  ergo  omnes  bonam  mentem  bonamque  vali-  61 
tudinem  sibi  optarunt,  Trimalchio  ad  Nicerotem  respexit 
et  '  solebas '  inquit '  suanus  esse  in  convictu ;  nescio  quid 
nunc  taces  nee  muttis.  oro  te,  sic  felicem  me  videas, 
narra  illud  quod  tibi  usu  venit.'  Xiceros  delectatus  affa-  5 
bilitate  amici  'omne  me'  inquit  'lucrum  transeat,  nisi 
iam  dudum  gaudimonio  dissilio,  quod  te  talem  video, 
itaque  hilaria  mera  sint,  etsi  timeo  istos  scholasticos.  ne 


36  PETRONII 

me  rideant.     viderint:  narrabo  tamen;  quid  enim  mihi 

10  aufert,  qui  ridet  ?  satius  est  rideri  quam  derideri.'  haec 
ubi  dicta  dedit,  talem  f abulam  exorsus  est : 

'Cum  adhuc  servirem,  habitabamus  in  vico  angusto; 
nunc  Gavillae  domus  est.  ibi,  quomodo  dii  volunt, 
amare  coepi  uxorem  Terentii  coponis  :    noveratis  Melis- 

15  sam  Tarentinam,  pulcherrimum  bacciballum.  sed  ego 
non  meliercules  corporaliter  (illam)  aut  propter  res  vene- 
rias  curavi,  sed  magis  quod  bene  morata  fuit.  si  quid  ab 
ilia  petii,  nunquam  mihi  negatum  ;  fecit  assem,  semissem 
habui ;  (quicquid  liabui),  in  illius  sinum  demandavi,  nee 

20  unquam  fefellitus  sum.  huius  contubernalis  ad  villam 
supremum  diem  obiit.  itaque  per  scutum  per  ocream 
egi  aginavi,  quemadmodum  ad  illam  pervenirem:    (sci- 

62  tis)  autem,  in  angustiis  amici  apparent,  forte  dominus 
Capuam  exierat  ad  scruta  scita  expedienda.  nactus  ego 
occasionem  persuadeo  hospitem  nostrum,  ut  mecum  ad 
quintum  miliarium  veniat.  erat  autem  miles,  fortis 
5  tanquam  Orcus.  apoculamus  nos  circa  gallicinia,  luna 
lucebat  tanquam  meridie.  venimus  intra  monimenta: 
homo  mens  coepit  ad  stelas  facere,  sedeo  ego  canta- 
bundus  et  stelas  numero.  delude  ut  respexi  ad  comitem, 
ille  exuit  se  et  omnia  vestimenta  secundum  viam  posuit. 

10  mihi  anima  in  naso  esse,  stabam  tanquam  mortuus.  at 
ille  circumminxit  vestimenta  sua  et  subito  lupus  factus 
est.  nolite  me  iocari  putare ;  ut  mentiar,  nullius  patri- 
monium  tanti  facio.  sed,  quod  coeperam  dicere,  post- 
quam  lupus  factus  est,  ululare  coepit  et  in  silvas  fugit. 

15  ego  primitus  nesciebam  ubi  essem,  delude  accessi,  ut 
vestimenta  eius  tollerem ;  ilia  autem  lapidea  facta  sunt. 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  37 

qui  mori  timore  nisi  ego  ?  gladium  tamen  strinxi  et  in 
tota  via  umbras  cecidi,  donee  ad  villam  amicae  meae  per- 
venirem.  ut  larua  intravi,  paene  animam  ebullivi,  sudor 
milii  per  bifurcum  volabat,  oculi  mortui,  vix  unquam  re-  20 
fectus  sum.  Melissa  mea  mirari  coepit,  quod  tam  sero 
ambularem,  et  "  si  ante "  inquit  "  venisses,  saltem  nobis 
adiutasses ;  lupus  enim  villam  intravit  et  omnia  pecora 
(perculit),  tanquam  lanius  sanguinem  illis  misit.  nee 
tamen  derisit,  etiam  si  fugit ;  servus  enim  noster  lancea  25 
collum  eias  traiecit."  haec  ut  audivi,  operire  oculos 
amplius  non  potui,  sed  luce  clara  Gai  nostri  domum 
fugi  tanquam  copo  compilatus,  et  postquam  veni  in 
ilium  locum,  in  quo  lapidea  vestimenta  erant  facta,  nihil 
inveni  nisi  sanguinem.  ut  vero  domum  veni,  iacebat  30 
miles  mens  in  lecto  tanquam  bovis,  et  collum  illius 
medicus  curabat.  intellexi  ilium  versipellem  esse,  nee 
postea  cum  illo  panem  gustare  potui,  non  si  me  occidis- 
ses.  viderint  alii  quid  de  hoc  exopinissent ;  ego  si 
mentior,  genios  vestros  iratos  habeam.'  35 

Trimalckio's  tale  of  the  icitches;  he  becomes  more  quarrelsome.     An 

unpleasant  dessert  is  served. 

Attonitis  admiratione  universis  '  salvo '  inquit  '  tuo  ser-  63 
mone '  Trimalchio  '  si  qua  fides  est,  ut  mihi  pili  inhorrue- 
runt,  quia  scio  Niceronem  nihil  nugarum  narrare :  immo 
certus  est  et  minime  linguosus.  nam  et  ipse  vobis  rem 
horribilem  narrabo.  asinus  in  tegnlis.  cum  adhuc  capil-  5 
latus  essem,  nam  a  puero  vitam  Chiam  gessi,  ipsimi  nostri 
delicatus  decessit,  mehercules  margaritum,  sacritus  et 
omnium  numerum.     cum  ergo  ilium  mater  misella  plan- 


>\ 


38  PETRONII 


geret  et   nos  turn  plures  in  tristimonio  essemus,  subito  ^j 

10  strigae  (stridere)  coeperunt ;  putares  canem  leporem  per- 
sequi.  habebamus  tunc  hominem  Cappadocem,  longum, 
valde  audaculum  et  qui  valebat:  poterat  bovem  iratum 
toll  ere.  hie  audacter  stricto  gladio  extra  ostium  pro- 
cucurrit,  involuta   sinistra   manu    curiose,  et   mulierem 

15  tanquam  hoc  loco  —  salvum  sit,  quod  tango  —  mediam 
traiecit.  audimus  gemitum,  et  —  plane  non  mentiar  — 
ipsas  non  vidimus,  baro  autem  noster  introversus  se  pro- 
iecit  in  lectum,  et  corpus  totum  lividum  habebat  quasi 
flagellis  caesus,  quia  scilicet  ilium  tetigerat  mala  manus. 

20  nos  cluso  ostio  redimus  iterum  ad  officium,  sed  cum  mater 
amplexaret  corpus  filii  sui,  tangit  et  videt  manuciolum 
de  stramentis  factum,  non  cor  habebat,  non  intestina, 
non  quicquam :  scilicet  iam  puerum  strigae  involaverant 
et   supposuerant    stramenticium  vavatonem.      rogo  vos, 

25  oportet  credatis,  sunt  mulieres  plussciae,  sunt  nocturnae, 
et  quod  sursum  est,  deorsum  faciunt.  ceterum  baro  ille 
longus  post  hoc  factum  nunquam  coloris  sui  fuit,  immo 
post  paucos  dies  phreneticus  periit.' 

64  Miramur  nos  et  pariter  credimus,  osculatique  mensam 
rogamus  Nocturnas,  ut  suis  (sedibus)  se  teneant,  dum 
redimus  a  cena. 

Et  sane  iam  lucernae  mihi  plures  videbantur  ardere 
6  totumque  triclinium  esse  mutatum,  cum  Trimalchio  '  tibi 
dico '  in  quit '  Plocame,  nihil  narras  ?  nihil  nos  delectaris  ? 
et  solebas  suavius  esse,  belle  deverbia  dicere,  melica  can- 
turire.  heu  heu,  abistis  dulcis  caricae.'  Mam'  inquit 
ille  ^quadrigae  meae  decucurrerunt,  ex  quo  podagricus 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  39 

factus  sum.      alioqiiin   cmn  essem   adulescentulus,  can-  lo 
tando   paene   tisicus   factus    sum.      quid  saltare?   quid 
deverbia  ?    quid  tonstrinum  ?    quando  parem  habui  nisi 
unum  Apelletem  ?  '     appositaque  ad  os  manu  nescio  quid 
taetrum  exsibilavit,  quod  postea  Graecum  esse  affirmabat. 

Nee  non  Trimalchio  ipse  cum  tubicines  esset  imita-  15 
tus,  ad  delicias  suas  respexit,  quem  Croesum  appellabat. 
puer  auteni  lippus,  sordidissimis  dentibus,  catellam  nigram 
atque  indecenter  pinguem  prasina  involvebat  fascia  pa- 
nemque  semissem  ponebat  super  torum  atque  banc  nausea 
recusantem  saginabat.      quo  admonitus  officii  Trimalchio  20 
Scylacem  iussit  adduci  ^  praesidium  domus  f amiliaeque.' 
nee   mora,   ingentis   formae   adductus   est   canis   catena 
vinctus,   admonitiisque   ostiarii   calce,   ut   cubaret,   ante 
mensam  se  posuit.      turn  Trimalchio  iactans  candidum 
panem   ^  nemo '  inquit   '  in   domo  mea  me   plus   amat.'  25 
indignatus  puer,  quod  Scylacem  tam  effuse  laudaret,  catel- 
lam in  terram  deposuit  hortatusque  (est),  ut  ad  rixam 
properaret.     Scylax,  canino  scilicet  usus  ingenio,  taeter- 
rimo  latratu  triclinium  implevit  Margaritamque  Croesi 
paene  laceravit.     nee  intra  rixam  tumultus  constitit,  sed  30 
candelabrum  etiam  super  mensam  eversum  et  vasa  omnia 
crystallina  comminuit  et  oleo  ferventi  aliquot  convivas 
respersit.     Trimalchio  ne  videretur  iactura  motus,  basia- 
vit  puerum  ac  iussit  super  dorsum  ascendere  suum.     non 
moratus  ille  usus  (est)  equo  manuque  plena  scapulas  eius  3c 
subinde  verberavit,  interque  risum  proclamavit :  '  bucca, 
bucca,  quot   sunt   hie  ? '  repressus   ergo 

aliquamdiu  Trimalchio  camellam  grandem  iussit  misceri 
(et)  potiones  dividi  omnibus  servis,  qui  ad  pedes  sedebant, 


; 


40  PETROXII 

40  adiecta  exceptione  :  '  si  quis '  inquit  '  noluerit  accipere, 
caput  illi  perfunde.     interdiu  severa,  nunc  hilaria.' 

'^     Arrival  of  Habinnas,  who  has  heen  dining  out.     Fortunata  enters 
to  gossip  with  Scintilla,  his  ici/e.     They  comjmre  jewelry. 

65  Hanc  humanitatem  insecutae  sunt  matteae,  quarum 
etiam  recordatio  me,  si  qua  est  dicenti  fides,  offendit. 
singulae  enim  gallinae  altiles  pro  turdis  circumlatae  sunt 
et  ova  anserina  pilleata,  quae  ut  comessemus,  ambitiosis-  | 

5  sime  (a)  nobis  Trimalchio  petiit  dicens  exossatas  esse 
gallinas.  inter  haec  triclinii  valvas  lictor  percussit, 
amictusque  veste  alba  cum  ingenti  frequentia  comissator 
intravit.  ego  maiestate  conterritus  praetorem  putabam 
venisse.     itaque  temptavi  assurgere  et  nudos  pedes  in 

10  terram  deferre.  risit  hanc  trepidationem  Agamemnon 
et  '  contine  te '  inquit  '  homo  stultissime.  Habinnas  se- 
vir  est  idemque  lapidarius,  qui  videtur  monumenta  optime 
facere.' 

E-ecreatus  hoc  sermone  reposui  cubitum,  Habinnamque 

15  intrantem  cum  admiratione  ingenti  spectabam.  ille  autem 
iam  ebrius  uxoris  suae  umeris  imposuerat  manus,  onera- 
tusque  aliquot  coronis  et  unguento  per  frontem  in  oculos 
fluente  praetorio  loco  se  posuit  continuoque  vinum  et 
caldam   poposcit.     delectatus   hac  Trimalchio  hilaritate 

20  et  ipse  capaciorem  poposcit  scyphum  quaesivitque,  quo- 
modo  acceptus  esset.  'omnia'  inquit  Hiabuimus  praeter 
te ;  oculi  enim  mei  hie  erant.  et  mehercules  bene  fuit. 
Scissa  lautum  novemdiale  servo  suo  misello  faciebat, 
quern  mortuum  manu  miserat.     et  puto,  cum  vicensima- 

25  riis  magnam  mantissam  habet ;  quinquaginta  enim  milli- 


i. 


CENA    TRIM ALCH IGNIS.  41 

bus  aestimant  mortuum.     sed  tamen  suaviter  fuit,  etiam 
si  coacti  sumiis  dimidias  potiones  super  ossucula  eius 
effundere.'     'tamen'  inquit   Trimalchio  'quid  habuistis  66 
in  cena  ?  '     '  dicam  '  inquit  *  si  potuero ;  nam  tam  bonae 
memoriae   sum,  ut   frequenter   nomen  meum  obliviscar. 
habuimus  tamen  in  primo  porcum  botulo  coronatum  et 
circa  saviunculum  et  gizeria  optime  facta  et  certe  betam    5 
et  panem  autopyrum  de  suo  sibi,  quem  ego  malo  quam 
candidum;    et  vires  facit,  et  cum  mea  re  [causa]  facie, 
non  ploro.      sequens  ferculum  fuit  scriblita  frigida  et 
super  mel  caldum  infusum  excellente  Hispanum.     itaque 
de  scriblita  quidem  non  minimum  edi,  de  melle  me  usque   10 
tetigi.     circa  cicer  et  lupinum,  calvae  arbitratu  et  mala 
singula,     ego  tamen  duo  sustuli  et  ecce  in  mappa  alligata 
habeo ;  nam  si  aliquid  muneris  meo  vernulae  non  tulero, 
habebo  convicium.     bene  me  admonet  domina  mea.     in 
prospectu  habuimus  ursinae  frustum,  de  quo   cum   im-  15 
prudens  Scintilla  gustasset,  paene  intestina  sua  vomuit. 
ego  contra  plus  libram  comedi,  nam  ipsum  aprum  sapie- 
bat.     et  si,  inquam,  ursus  liomuncionem  comest,  quanto 
magis  homuncio  debet  ursum  comesse  ?  in  summo  habui- 
mus caseum  mollem  ex  sapa  et  cocleas  singulas  et  cordae  20 
frusta  et  hepatia  in  catillis  et  ova  pilleata  et  rapam  et 
senape  et  catillum  concacatum,  pax  Palamedes.     etiam 
in  alveo  circumlata  sunt  oxycomina,  unde  quidam  etiam 
improbe   ternos   pugnos   sustulerunt.     nam  pernae  mis- 
sionem  dedimus.      sed  narra  mihi,  Gai,  rogo,  Fortunata  67 
quare   non   recumbit  ?  '    '  quomodo  nosti '  inquit  '  illam  ' 
Trimalchio,  'nisi  argentum  composuerit,  nisi   reliquias 
pueris  diviserit,  aquam  in  os  suum  non  coniciet.'    '  atqui ' 


42  PETRONII 

5  respondit  Habinnas  '  nisi  ilia  discumbit,  ego  me  apoculo,' 
et  coeperat  surgere,  nisi  signo  dato  Fortunata  qiiater  am- 
plius  a  tota  familia  esset  vocata.  venit  ergo  galbino  siic- 
cincta  cingillo,  ita  nt  infra  cerasina  appareret  tunica  et 
periscelides  tortae  phaecasiaeque  inauratae.  tunc  sudario 
10  manus  tergens,  quod  in  collo  habebat,  applicat  se  illi  toro, 
in  quo  Scintilla  Habinnae  discumbebat  uxor,  osculataque 
plaudentem  '  est  te '  inquit  '  videre  ?  ' 

Eo  deinde  perventum  est,  ut  Fortunata  armillas  suas 
crassissimis    detraheret    lacertis    Scintillaeque    miranti 

15  ostenderet.  ultimo  etiam  periscelides  resolvit  et  reticu- 
lum aureum,  quem  ex  obrussa  esse  dicebat.  notavit 
haec  Trimalchio  iussitque  afferri  omnia  et  '  videtis ' 
inquit  '  mulieris  compedes :  sic  nos  barcalae  despolia- 
mur.     sex  pondo  et  selibram  debet  habere,     et  ipse  ni- 

20  hilo  minus  babeo  decern  pondo  armillam  ex  millesimis 
Mercurii  factam.'  ultimo  etiam,  ne  mentiri  videretur, 
stateram  iussit  afferri  et  circumlatum  approbari  pondus. 
nee  melior  Scintilla,  quae  de  cervice  sua  capsellam  de- 
traxit  aureolam,  quam  Felicionem  appellabat.     inde  duo 

25  crotalia  protulit  et  Fortunatae  in  vicem  consideranda 
dedit  et  '  domini '  inquit  '  mei  beneficio  nemo  habet  me- 
liora.'  '  quid  ?  '  inquit  Habinnas  '  excatarissasti  me,  ut 
tibi  emerem  fabam  vitream.  plane  si  filiam  haberem, 
auriculas  illi  praeciderem.     mulieres  si  non  essent,  omnia 

30  pro  luto  haberemus ;  nunc  hoc  est  caldum  meiere  et 
frigidum  potare.' 

Interim  mulieres  sociae  inter  se  riserunt  ebriaeque 
iunxerunt  oscula,  dum  altera  diligentiam  matris  familiae 


II 


CEXA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  43 

iactat,  altera  delicias  et  indiligentiam  viri.  dumqiie  sic 
cohaerent,  Habinnas  furtim  consurrexit  pedesque  Fortii-  35 
natae  correptos  super  lectum  immisit.  '  au  au  '  ilia  pro- 
clamavit  aberrante  tunica  super  genua,  composita  ergo 
in  gremio  Scintillae  incensissimam  rubore  faciem  sudario 
abscondit. 

Secundae  mensae.     Boisterous  singing.     Habinnas  and  his  slave. 

The  din  increases. 

Interposito  deinde  spatio  cum  secundas  mensas  Tri-  68 
malchio  iussisset  afferri,  sustulerunt  servi  omnes  mensas 
et  alias  attulerunt,  scobemque  croco  et  minio  tinctam 
sparserunt  et,  quod  nunquam  ante  videram,  ex  lapide 
specular!  pulverem  tritum.  statim  Trimalchio  '  poteram  5 
quidem '  inquit  '  hoc  fericulo  esse  contentus ;  secundas 
enim  mensas  habetis.     (sed)  si  quid  belli  babes,  affer.' 

Interim  puer  Alexandrinus,  qui  caldam   ministrabat, 
luscinias  coepit  iraitari  clamante  Trimalcbione  subinde 
'  muta.'    ecce  alius  Indus,     servus  qui  ad  pedes  Habinnae  lo 
sedebat,  iussus,  credo,  a  domino  suo  proclamavit  subito 
canora  voce : 

'  interea  medium  Aeneas  iam  classe  tenebat.' 
nullus  sonus  unquam  acidior  percussit  aures  meas ;  nam 
praeter  errantis  barbariae  aut  adiectum  aut  deminutum  15 
clamorem  miscebat  Atellanicos  versus,  ut  tunc  primum 
me   etiam    Vergilius    offenderit.      plausum   tamen,   cum 
aliquando    desisset,    adiecit    Habinnas    et    '  nunquam ' 
inquit  '  didioit,   sed  ego  ad   circulatores  eum  mittendo 
erudibam.     itaque  parem  non  habet,  sive  muliones  volet  20 
sive  circulatores  imitari.     desperatum  valde   ingeniosus 


44  PETRONII 

est :  idem  sutor  est,  idem  cocus,  idem  pistor,  omnis 
musae  mancipium.  duo  tamen  vitia  habet,  quae  si  non 
haberet,  esset  omnium  numerum :  recutitus  est  et  stertit. 
nam  quod  strabonus  est,  non  euro  ;  sicut  Venus  spectat. 

69  ideo  nihil  tacet,  vix  oculo  mortuo  unquam.  ilium  emi 
trecentis  denariis.'  interpellavit  loquentem  Scintilla  et 
'  plane '  inquit  '  non  omnia  artificia  servi  nequam  narras. 
agaga  est;  at  curabo  stigmam  habeat.'  risit  Trimalchio 
5  et '  adcognosco '  inquit '  Cappadocem  :  nihil  sibi  defraudit. 
et  mehercules  laudo  ilium  ;  hoc  enim  nemo  parentat.  tu 
autem,  Scintilla,  noli  zelotypa  esse,  crede  mihi,  et  vos 
novimus.  sic  me  salvum  habeatis,  ut  ego  sic  solebam 
ipsumam  meam  debattuere,  ut  et;am  dominus  suspicare- 

10  tur ;  et  ideo  me  in  vilicationem  relegavit.  sed  tace,  lingua, 
dabo  panem.'  tanquam  laudatus  esset  nequissimus  ser- 
vus,  lucernam  de  sinu  fictilem  protulit  et  amplius  semihora 
tubicines  imitatus  est  succinente  Habinna  et  inferius  la- 
brum  manu  deprimente.    ultimo  etiam  in  medium  proces- 

15  sit  et  modo  harundinibus  quassis  choraulas  imitatus  est, 
modo  lacernatus  cum  flagello  mulionum  fata  egit,  donee 
vocatum  ad  se  Habinnas  basiavit,  potionemque  illi  por- 
rexit  et  '  tanto  melior '  inquit  '  Massa,  dono  tibi  caligas.' 

The  arrival  of  the  epidipnis  restores  order;  a  piece  de  resistance 
prepared  by  the  cook  Daedalus.  Curious  way  of  serving  oysters. 
Some  disgusting  economy.  The  hostess  is  inclined  to  dance,  hut 
slaves  crowd  into  the  room,  and  the  noisome  cook  makes  himself 
too  familiar. 

Nec  ullus  tot  malorum  finis  fuisset,  nisi  epidipnis  esset 
20  allata ;  turdi  siliginei  uvis  passis  nucibusque  farsi.     inse- 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  45 

ciita  sunt  Cytlonia  etiam  mala  spinis  confixa,  ut  echinos 
efficerent.  et  liaec  quidem  tolerabilia  eraiit,  si  iion  fericu- 
luin  loiige  monstrosius  effecisset,  ut  vel  fame  i)erire  mal- 
lemus.  nam  cum  positus  esset,  ut  nos  putabamus,  anser 
altilis  circaque  pisces  et  omnia  genera  avium,  (*  amici ')  25 
inquit  Trimalchio  *  quicquid  videtis  hie  positum,  de  uno 
corpore  est  factum.'  ego,  scilicet  homo  prudentissimus, 
statim  intellexi  quid  esset,  et  respiciens  Agamemnonem 
^mirabor' inquam  'nisi  omnia  ista  de  (fimo)  facta  sunt 
aut  certe  de  luto.  vidi  Romae  Saturnalibus  eiusmodi 
cenarum  imaginem  fieri.'  necdum  finieram  sermonem,  70 
cum  Trimalchio  ait  '  ita  crescam  patrimonio,  non  cor- 
pore, ut  ista  cocus  mens  de  porco  fecit,  non  potest  esse 
pretiosior  homo,  volueris,  de  vulva  faciet  piscem,  de 
lardo  palumbum,  de  perna  turturem,  de  colaepio  gallinam  5 
et  ideo  ingenio  meo  impositum  est  illi  nomen  bellissimum ; 
nam  Daedalus  vocatur.  et  quia  bonam  mentem  habet, 
attuli  illi  Roma  munus  cultros  Norico  ferro.'  quos  sta- 
tim iussit  afferri  inspectosque  miratus  est.  et  nobis 
potestatem  fecit,  ut  mucronem  ad   buccam  probaremus.  10 

Subito  intraverunt  duo  servi,  tanquam  qui  rixam  ad 
lacum  fecissent ;  certe  in  collo  adhuc  amphoras  habebant. 
cum  ergo  Trimalchio  ius  inter  litigantes  diceret,  neuter 
sententiam  tulit  decernentis,  sed  alterius  amphoram  fuste 
percussit.  consternati  nos  insolentia  ebriorum  intentavi-  15 
mus  oculos  in  proeliantes  notavimusque  ostrea  pectinesque 
e  gastris  labentia,  quae  collecta  puer  lance  circumtulit. 
has  lautitias  aequavit  ingeniosus  cocus ;  in  craticula  enim 
argentea  cochleas  attulit  et  tremula  taeterrimaque  voce 
cantavit.  20 


46  PETRONII 

Pudet  referre  quae  secuntur ;  inaudito  enim  more  pueri 
capillati  attulerunt  unguentum  in  argentea  pelve  pedesque 
recumbentium  unxerunt,  cum  ante  crura  talosque  corollis 
vinxissent.     hinc  ex  eodem  unguento  in  vinarium  atque 

25  lucernam  aliquantum  est  infusum. 

lam  coeperat  Fortunata  velle  saltare,  iam  Scintilla  fre- 
quentius  plaudebat  quam  loquebatur,  cum  Trimalchio 
'  permitto '  inquit  '  Philargyre  et  Cario,  etsi  prasinianus 
es  famosus,  die  et  Menophilae,  contubernali  tuae,  discum- 

30  bat.'  quid  multa  ?  paene  de  lectis  deiecti  sumus,  adeo 
totum  triclinium  familia  occupaverat.  certe  ego  notavi 
super  me  positum  cocum,  qui  de  porco  anserem  fecerat, 
muria  condimentisque  fetentem.  nee  contentus  fuit  re- 
cumbere,  sed  continuo  Ephesum  tragoedum  coepit  imitari 

35  et  subinde  dominum  suuni  sponsione  provocare  '  si  prasi- 
nus  proximis  circensibus  primam  palm  am.' 

Reading  of  Trimalcliio' s  ivill ;  his  funeral  directions  ;  weeping. 

A  hath  is  proposed. 

71  Diffusus  hac  contentione  Trimalchio  'amici'  inquit  'et 
servi  homines  sunt  et  aeque  unum  lactem  biberunt,  etiam 
si  illos  malus  fatus  oppressit.  tamen  me  salvo  cito  aquam 
liberam  gustabunt.  ad  summam,  omnes  illos  in  testamento 
5  meo  manumitto.  Philargyro  etiam  fundum  lego  et  con- 
tubernalem  suam,  Carioni  quoque  insulam  et  vicesimam 
et  lectum  stratum.  nam  Fortunatam  meam  heredem 
facio,  et  commendo  ill  am  omnibus  amicis  meis.  et  haec 
ideo  omnia  publico,  ut  familia  mea  iam  nunc  sic  me  amet 

10  tanquam  mortuum.'  gratias  agere  omnes  indulgentiae 
coeperant   domini,  cum   ille  oblitus   nugarum  exemplar 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  47 

testamenti  iussit  afferri  et  totiim  a  primo  ad  ultinium 
ingemescente  familia  recitavit.      respiciens  deinde  Ha- 
binnam  '  quid  dicis  '  inquit  '  amice  carissime  ?     aedificas 
monumentum  meiim,  quemadmodum  te  iussi  ?     valde  te  15 
rogo,  lit  secundum  pedes  statuae  meae  catellam  ponas  et 
coronas  et  unguenta  et  Petraitis  oranes  pugnas,  ut  mihi 
contingat  tuo  beneficio  post  mortem   vivere ;    praeterea 
ut  sint  in  fronte  pedes  centum,  in  agrum  pedes  ducenti. 
omne  genus  enim  poma  volo  sint  circa  cineres  meos,  et  20 
vinearum  largiter.      valde  enim  falsum  est  vivo  quidem 
domos  cultas  esse,  non  curari  eas,  ubi  diutius  nobis  habi- 
tandum  est.    et  ideo  ante  omnia  adici  volo :  hoc  moxvmen- 
TVM  HEREDEM  Nox  SEQVTTVR.     cctcrum  crit  mihi  curae, 
ut   testamento   caveam,  ne  mortuus   iniuriam   accipiam.   25 
praeponam  enim  unum  ex  libertis  sepulcro  meo  custodiae 
causa,  ne  in  monumentum  meum  populus  cacatum  currat. 
te   rogo,  ut  naves  etiam   (in  lateribus)  monumenti   mei 
facias  plenis  velis  euntes,  et  me  in  tribunali  sedentem 
praetextatum  cum  anulis  aureis  quinque  et  nummos  in  30 
publico  de  sacculo  effundentem  ;  scis  enim,  quod  epulum 
dedi  binos  denarios.     f aciantur,  si  tibi  videtur,  et  triclinia, 
facias  et  totum  populum  sibi  suaviter  facientem.     ad  dex- 
teram  meam  ponas  statuam  Fortunatae  meae  columbam 
tenentem :  et  catellam  cingulo  alligatam  ducat :  et  cica-  35 
ronem  meum,  et  amphoras  copiosas  gypsatas,  ne  effluant 
vinum.      et  urnam  licet  fractam  sculpas,  et  super  earn 
puerum  plorantem.      horologium  in  medio,  ut  quisquis 
horas  inspiciet,  velit  nolit,  nomen  meum  legat.    inscriptio 
quoque  vide  diligenter   si  haec   satis  idonea   tibi  vide-  40 
tur :    c.  POMPEivs  trimalchio  maecexatiaxvs  hic  re- 


«p 


\ 


48  PETROXII 

QVIESCIT.  HVIC  SEVIRATVS  ABSENT!  DECRETVS  EST.  CVM 
POSSET  IN  OMNIBVS  DECVRIIS  ROMAE  ESSE,  TAMEN  NOLVIT. 
PIVS,  FORTISj  FIDELIS,  EX  PARVO  CREVIT,  SESTERTIVM  RE- 
45  LIQVIT  TRECENTIES,  NEC  VNQVAM  PHILOSOPHVM  AVDIVIT. 
VALE  :    ET    TV.' 

72  Haec  ut  dixit  Trimalchio,  flere  coepit  ubertim.  flebat 
et  Fortunata,  flebat  et  Habinnas,  tota  deniqiie  familia, 
tanquam  in  fnnus  rogata,  lamentatione  triclininm.  imple- 
vit.      immo  iam  coeperam  etiam  ego  plorare,  cum  Tri- 

5  malchio  '  ergo '  inquit  '  cum  sciamus  nos  morituros  esse, 
quare  non  vivamus?  sic  vos  felices  videam,  coniciamus 
nos  in  balneum,  meo  periculo,  non  paenitebit.  sic  calet 
tanquam  furnus.'  '  vero,  vero '  inquit  Habinnas  '  de  una 
die  duas  facere,  nihil  malo '  nudisque  consurrexit  pedibus 

10  et  Trimalchionem  plaudentem  subsequi  (coepit).  j 

Encolpius  tries  to  escape,  hut  is  forced  to  return  and  Join  the  guests 

at  the  bath. 

Ego  respiciens  ad  Ascylton  '  quid  cogitas  ? '  inquam  '  ego 
enim  si  videro  balneum,  statim  expirabo.'  'assectemur' 
ait  ille  '  et  dum  illi  balneum  petunt,  nos  in  turba  exeamus.' 
cum   haec  placuissent,  dncente  per  porticum  Gitone  ad 

15  ianuam  venimus,  ubi  canis  catenarius  tanto  nos  tumultu 
excepit,  ut  Ascjdtos  etiam  in  piscinam  ceciderit.  nee 
non  ego  quoque  ebrius,  qui  etiam  pictum  timueram 
canem,  dum  natanti-  opem  fero,  in  eundem  gurgitem 
tractus    sum.       servavit   nos   tamen  atriensis,  qui  inter- 

20  ventu  suo  et  canem  placavit  et  nos  trementes  extraxit  in 
siccum.  et  Giton  quidem  iam  dudum  se  ratione  acutis- 
sima  redemerat  a  cane  j  quicquid  enim  a  nobis  acceperat 


CENA   TRIMALCHIONIS.  49 

de  cena,  latranti  sparserat ;  ita  ille  avocatus  cibo  f  urorera 
suppresserat.     ceterum  cum  algentes  udique  petissemus 
ab  atriense,  ut  uus  extra  iaiiuam  emitteret,  '  erras '  inquit  25 
'  si  putas  te  exire  hac  posse,  qua  venisti.     nemo  uiiquam 
convivarum  per  eandem  iamiam  emissus  est ;  alia  intrant, 
alia  exeunt.'     quid  faciamus  homines  miserrirai  et  novi  73 
generis   labyrintlio   inclusi,  quibus    lavari    iam  coeperat 
votum  esse  ?    ultro  ergo  rogavimus,  ut  nos  ad  balneum 
duceret,  proiectisque  vestimentis,   quae   Giton  in  aditu 
siccare  coepit,  balneum  intravimus,  angustum  scilicet  et    5 
cisternae   frigidariae   simile,  in   quo   Trimalchio   rectus 
stabat.     ac  ne  sic  quidem  putidissimam  eius  iactationem 
licuit  effugere ;  nam  nihil  melius  esse  dicebat,  quam  sine 
turba  lavari,  et  eo  ipso  loco  aliquando  pistrinum  fuisse. 
deinde  ut  lassatus  consedit,  invitatus  balnei  sono  diduxit  lo 
usque  ad  cameram  os  ebrium  et  coepit  Menecratis  cantica 
lacerare,  sicut  illi  dicebant,  qui  linguam  eius  intellege- 
bant.     ceteri  convivae  circa  labrum  manibus  nexis  cur- 
rebant  et  gingilipho  ingenti  clamore  sonabant.     alii  autem 
[aut]  restrictis  manibus  anulos  de  pavimento  conabantur  15 
tollere  aut  posito  genu  cervices  post  terga  flectere  et  pe- 
dum extremos  pollices  tangere.     nos,  dura  alii  sibi  ludos 
faciunt,  in  solium,  quod  Trimalchioni  temperabatur,  de- 
scendimus. 

The  crowing  of  a  cock  creates  terror.      Domestic  unpleasantness 

between  host  and  hostess. 

Ergo  ebrietate   discussa   in   aliud   triclinium   deducti  20 
sumus,  ubi  Fortunata  disposuerat  lautitias  [suas]  ita  ut 
supra  lucernas  aeneolosque  piscatores  notaverim  et 


50  PETRONII 

mensas  totas  argenteas  calicesque  circa  fictiles  inauratos 
et  vinum  in  conspectu  sacco  defluens.     turn  Trimalchio 

25  ^  amici '  inquit  '  hodie  servus  meus  barbatoriam  fecit, 
homo  praefiscini  frugi  et  micarius.     itaque  tengomenas 

74  faciamus  et  usque  in  lucem  cenemus.'  haec  dicente  eo 
gallus  gallinaceus  cantavit.  qua  voce  confusus  Trimal- 
chio vinum  sub  mensa  iussit  effundi  lucernamque  etiam 
mero  spargi.  immo  anulum  traiecit  in  dexteram  manum 
5  et  'non  sine  causa'  inquit  'hie  bucinus  signum  dedit; 
nam  aut  incendium  oportet  fiat,  aut  aliqiiis  in  vicinia 
animam  abiciet.  loDge  a  nobis,  itaque  quisquis  hunc 
indicem  attulerit,  corollarium  accipiet.'  dicto  citius  de 
vicinia  gallus  allatus  est,  quem  Trimalchio  (occidi)  ius- 

10  sit,  ut  aeno  coctus  fieret.  laceratus  igitur  ab  illo  doc- 
tissimo  coco,  qui  paulo  ante  de  porco  aves  piscesque 
fecerat,  in  caccabum  est  coniectus.  dumque  Daedalus 
potionem  ferventissimam  haurit,  Fortunata  mola  buxea 
piper  trivit. 

15  Sumptis  igitur  matteis  respiciens  ad  familiam  Trimal- 
chio ''  quid,  vos '  inquit  '  adhuc  non  cenastis  ?  abite,  ut 
alii  veniant  ad  officium.'  subiit  igitur  alia  classis,  et  illi 
quidem  exclamavere  '  vale  Gai ' ;  hi  autem  '  ave  Gai.' 
hinc  primum  hilaritas  nostra  turbata  est ;  nam  cum  puer 

20  non  inspeciosus  inter  novos  intrasset  ministros,  invasit 
eum  Trimalchio  et  osculari  diutius  coepit.  itaque  For- 
tunata, ut  ex  aequo  ius  firmum  approbaret,  male  dicere 
Trimalchioni  coepit  et  purgamentum  dedecusque  praedi- 
care,  qui  non  contineret  libidinem  suam.     ultimo  etiam 

25  adiecit  '  canis.'  Trimalchio  contra  offensus  convicio 
calicem   in   faciem   Fortunatae   immisit.      ilia  tanquam 


I 


I 


CENA    TlilMALCHlONlS.  51 

oculum  perdidisset,  exclainavit  manusqiie  trementes  ad 
f aciem  suaiu  admovit.  ^  consternata  est  etiam  Scintilla 
trepidan  tern  que  sinii  suo  texit.  immo  puer  quoque  offi- 
ciosus  urceolum  frigidum  ad  malam  eius  admovit,  super  30 
quern  incumbens  Fortuuata  gemere  ac  flere  coepit.  con- 
tra Trimalchio  '  quid  enim  ? '  inquit  '  ambubaia  non 
meminit,  sed  de  macliina  illam  sustuli,  hominem  inter 
homines  feci,  at  inflat  se  tanquam  rana,  et  in  sinum 
suum  non  spuit,  codex,  non  mulierrf  sed  hie,  qui  in  per-  35 
gula  natus  est,  aedes  non  somniatur.  ita  genium  meum 
propitiuni  habeam,  curabo,  domata  sit  Cassandra  cali- 
garia.  et  ego,  homo  dipundiarius,  sestertium  centies 
accipere  potui.  scis  tu  me  non  mentiri.  Agatho,  un- 
guentarius  herae  proximae,  seduxit  me  et  '"suadeo"  40 
inquit  "  non  patiaris  genus  tuum  interire."-^  at  ego  dum 
bonatus  ago  et  nolo  videri  levis,  ipse  mihi  asciam  in 
crus  impegi.  recte,  curabo,  me  unguibus  quaeras.  et  ut 
depraesentiarum  intelligas,  quid  tibi  feceris :  Habinna, 
nolo,  statuam  eius  in  monumento  meo  ponas,  ne  mortuus  45 
quidem  lites  habeam.  immo,  ut  sciat  me  posse  malum 
dare,  nolo  me  mortuum  basiet.'  JIl^ 

Trimalchio  reviews  his  past  career  and  successful  money  ventures; 
he  contemplates  that  in  the  end  he  must  die;  he  calls  for  his 
funeral  robes. 

-T  Post  hoc  fulmen  Habinnas  rogare  coepit,  ut  iam  desi-  75 
neret  irasci  et  'nemo^  inquit  'nostrum  non  pyeccat.     homi- 
nes sumus  non  c?e?'.'— -idem  et  Scintilla  flens  dixit  ac  per 
genium   eius,   Gaium   appellando,    rogare   coepit,   ut   se 
frangeret.  — non   tenuit   ultra    lacrimas    Trimalchio    et    5 


52  PETRONII 

*  rogo '  inquit  '  Habinna,  sic  peculium  tuum  fruniscaris : 
si  quid  perperam  feci,  in  faciem  meam  inspue.-  puerum 
basiavi  frugalissimum,  non  propter  formam,  sed  quia 
frugi   est :    decern   partes   dicit,  librum   ab   oculo   legit, 

10  thraecium  sibi  de  diariis  fecit,  archisellium  de  suo  para- 
vit  et  duas  truUas.  non  est  dignus  quern  in  oculis 
feram  ?  sed  Fortunata  vetat.  /  ita  tibi  videtur,  fulci- 
pedia?  suadeo,  bonum  tuum  concoquas,  milva,  et  me 
non  facias  ringentem,  araasiuncula;    alioquin  experieris 

15  cerebrum  meum.  nosti  me :  quod  semel  destinavi,  clavo 
tabulari  fixum  est.  sed  vivorum  meminerimus.  vos 
rogo,  amici,  ut  vobis  suaviter  sit.  nam  ego  quoque  tarn 
f ui  quam  vos  estis,  sed  virtute  mea  ad  hoc  perveni. "  cor- 
cillum  est  quod  homines  facit,  cetera  quisquilia  omnia. 

20  "  bene  emo,  bene  vendo  " ;  alius  alia  vobis  dicet.  felici- 
tate dissilio.  tu  autem,  sterteia,  etiamnum  ploras  ?  iam 
curabo  fatum  tuum  plores.  sed,  ut  coeperam  dicere,  ad 
hanc  me  fortunam  frugalitas  mea  perduxit.  tam  magnus 
ex  Asia  veni,  quam  hie  candelabrus  est.     ad  summam, 

25  quotidie   me    solebam   ad   ilium   metiri,   et    ut    celerius 
rostrum  barbatum  haberem,  labra  de  lucerna  ungebam.^ 
tamen  ad  delicias  [femina]  ipsimi  [domini]  annos  quat- 
tuordecim  fui.     nee  turpe  est,  qnod  dominus  iubet.     ego 
tamen  et  ipsimae  [dominae]  satis  faciebam.     scitis,  quid 

76  dicam :  taceo,  quia  non  sum  de  gloriosis-'Qceterum,  quem- 
admodum  di  volunt,  dominus  in  domo  factus  sum,  et  ecce 
cepi  ipsimi  cerebellum,  quid  multa  ?  coheredem  me 
Caesari  fecit,  et  accepi  patrimonium  laticlavium.  nemini 
5  tamen  nihil  satis  est.  concupivi  negotiari.  ne  multis 
vos  morer,  quinque  naves  aedificavi,  oneravi  vinum  —  et 


CENA    TRIMALCHIONIS.  53 

tunc  erat  contra  aurum  —  niisi  Romam.     piitares  me  hoc 
iussisse:  omnes  naves  naiif ragarunt ;  factum,  n on  fabula. 
uno  die  Xeptunus  trecenties  sestertium  devoravit.     puta- 
tis  me  defecisse  ?     non  mehercules  mi  haec  iactura  gusti  10 
fuitr,  tanquam  nihil  facti.     alteras  feci  raaiores  et  melio- 
res  et  feliciores,  ut  nemo  non  me  virum  fortem  diceret. 
scitis,  magna  navis  magnam  fortitudinem  habet.    oneravi 
rursus  vinum,  lardum,  fabam,  seplasium,  mancipia.     hoc 
loco  Fortunata  rem  piam  fecit ;  omne  enim  aurum  suum,  15 
omnia  vestimenta  vendidit  et  mi  centum  aureos  in  manu 
posuit.     hoc  fuit  peculii  mei  fermentum.     cito  fit,  quod 
di  volunt.      uno  cursu  centies  sestertium    corrotundavi.  ^J- 
statim  redemi  fundos  omnes,  qui   patroni  mei   fuerant. 
aedifico  domum,  venalicia  coemo  iumenta ;  quicquid  tan-  20 
gebam,  crescebat  tanquam  favus.     postquam  coepi  plus 
habere,  quam  tota  patria  mea  habet,  manum  de  tabula  : 
sustuli  me  de  negotiatione  et   coepi  libertos  faenerare. 
et  sane  nolentem  me  negotium  meum  agere  exhortavit 
mathematicus,  qui  venerat  forte   in  coloniam   nostram,  25 
Graeculio,  Serapa  nomine,  consiliator  deorum.     hie  mihi 
dixit  etiam  ea,  quae  oblitus  eram ;    ab  acia  et  acu  mi 
omnia  exposuit;    intestinas  meas  noverat,  tantum  quod 
mihi  non  dixerat,  quid  pridie  cenaveram.     putasses  ilium 
semper  mecum  habitasse.     rogo,  Habinna  —  puto,  inter-  77 
fuisti  — :  "tu  dominam  tuam  de  rebus  illis  fecisti.     tu 
parum  felix  in  amicos  es.     nemo  unquam  tibi  parem  gra- 
tiam  refert.      tu  latifundia   possides.      tu  viperam  sub 
ila  nutricas "  et,   quod  vobis  non  dixerim,  et  nunc  mi    5 
restare  vitae  annos  triginta  et  menses  quattuor  et  dies 
duos,     praeterea  cito  accipiam  hereditatem.      hoc  mihi 


54  PETRONII 

dicit  fatus  meus.  quod  si  contigerit  fundos  Apuliae 
iungere,  satis  vivus  pervenero.  "/linterim  dum  Mercurius 

10  vigilat,  aedificavi  hanc  domum.  ut  scitis,  casiila  erat; 
nunc  templum  est.  habet  quattuor  cenationes,  cubicula 
viginti,  porticus  marmoratos  duos,  susum  cenationem, 
cubiculum  in  quo  ipse  dormio,  viperae  huius  sessorium, 
ostiarii  cellam  perbonam ;  hospitium  hospites  capit.     ad 

15  summaui,  Scaurus  cum  hue  venit,  nusquam  mavoluit  hos- 
pitari,  et  habet  ad  mare  paternum  hospitium.  et  multa 
alia  sunt,  quae  statim  vobis  ostendam.  credite  mihi : 
assem  habeas,  assem  valeas ;  habes,  habeberis.  sic  ami- 
cus vester,  qui  fuit  rana,  nunc  est  rex. -^'interim,  Stiche, 

20  prefer  vitalia,  in  quibus  volo  me  efferri.  profer  et 
unguentum  et  ex  ilia  amphora  gustum,  ex  qua  iubeo 
lavari  ossa  mea.' 

The  mock  funeral  ends  in  an  invasion  hy  the  fire  department. 
Encolpius  and  his  friends  fee;  thus  the  description  of  the 
Banquet  comes  to  an  end. 

78  Non  est  moratus  Stichus,  sed  et  stragulam  albam  et 
praetextam  in  triclinium  attulit 

iussitque  nos  temptare,  an  bonis  lanis  essent  confecta. 
tum  subridens  '  vide  tu '  inquit  '■  Stiche,  ne  ista  mures 
0  tangant  aut  tineae ;  alioquin  te  vivum  comburam.  ego 
gloriosus  volo  efferri,  ut  totus  mihi  populus  bene  impre- 
cetur.'  statim  ampullam  nardi  aperuit  omnesque  nos 
unxit  et  '  spero '  inquit  ^  futurum  ut  aeque  me  niortuum 
iuvet  tanquam  vivum.'     nam  vinum  quidem  in  vinarium 

10  iussit  infundi  et  'putate  vos'  ait  'ad  parentalia  mea  invi- 
tatos  esse.' 


CENA    TRIMALCHIOXIS.  00 

Ibat  res  ad  simimam  nauseam,  emu  Trimalchio  ebrie- 
tate  turpissima  gravis  novum  acroama,  cornicines,  in 
triclinium  iussit  adduci,  fultusque  cervicalibus  mult  is 
extendit  se  super  toruiu  extremum  et  '  tingite  me '  inquit  15 
'  mortuum  esse,  dicite  aliquid  belli,'  consonuere  corni- 
cines funebri  strepitu.  unus  praecipue  servus  libitinarii 
illius,  qui  inter  hos  honestissimus  erat,  tam  valde  into- 
nuit,  ut  totam  concitaret  viciniam.  itaque  vigiles,  qui 
custodiebant  vicinam  regionem,  rati  ardere  Trimalchionis  20 
domum,  effregerunt  ianuam  subito  et  cum  aqua  securi- 
busque  tumultuari  suo  iure  coepenmt.  nos  occasionem 
opportunissimam  nacti  Agamemnoni  verba  dedimus  rap- 
timque  tam  plane  quam  ex  incendio  fugimus. 


ABBREVIATIONS 


Most  of  the  abbreviations  used  in  the  Notes  will  be 
understood  by  referring  to  pages  xliv-xlvi  of  the  Intro- 
duction.    The  following  may  need  explanation :  — 

C.G.L.  =  Corpus  Glossariorum  Latinorum. 

C.I.L  =  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Latinarum. 

Archiv  =  Archiv  fiir  Lateinische  Lexicographie. 

Friedl.  Sitteng.  is  explained  under  B  in  the  Introduction,  p.  xliv. 

Baumeister  =  Baumeister's  Denkmaler  der  Klassischen  Altertums- 
wissenschaft. 


NOTES. 

26.  Venerat  iam  tertius  dies :  the  Trau  manuscript  alone 
contains  the  opening  lines  of  the  Cena ;  it  plunges  at  once 
in  medias  res.  Possibly  we  have  here  the  opening  of  the 
fifteenth  book  of  the  original ;  hence  the  abruptness.  Cf. 
Introd.  p.  xviii.  If  we  had  the  concluding  portion  of  the  pre- 
ceding book,  the  allusions  in  tertius  dies,  tot  vulnerihus,  prae- 
sentem  procellam,  might  be  clear.  —  liberae  cenae  :  commonly 
the  dinner  served  to  gladiators  on  the  day  before  their  con- 
tests in  the  arena  (Friedl.  Sitteng.  ii.  p.  385)  ;  here  simply  Tri- 
malchio's  'free  spread,'  to  which  the  rhetorician  Agamemnon  has 
been  asked,  with  his  pupils,  Ascyltus  and  Encolpius.  They  sit 
near  one  another;  cf.  49,  16,  inclinatus  ad  aurem  Agamemnonis ; 
65,  10,  visit  hanc  trepidationem ;  72,  11,  ego  respiciens  ad  Ascylton. 

—  id  est  expectatio  liberae  cenae:  these  words  are  out  of 
place.  Possibly  the  fifteenth  book  was  headed,  '  Expectatio  Libe- 
rae Cenae,'  and  the  title  has  been  incorporated  into  the  text 
by  the  epitomator  by  means  of  id  est.  —  quonam  genere  = 
quo  modo :  so  in  the  younger  Seneca,  whose  Latinity  at  times 
strikingly  resembles  that  of  Petronius ;  cf.  De  Benefciis,  ii.  10, 
2,  sed,  .si  quo  genere  accipienti  maxime  profuturum  erit,  dabis,  con- 
tentus  eris  te  teste ;  so  in  the  plural,  Epist.  Mor.  95,  29,  armare  se 
coepit  multis  generibus.  —  unus  servus  :  'a  slave';  but  in  78, 
17,  unus  praecipue  servus,  'one  slave  in  particular.*  As  early  as 
Plautus,  unus  was  used  in  the  sense  of  an  emphatic  '  any,'  ein 
beliebiger,  ct?  ti?  ;  cf.  Wagner,  Plant.  Aulul.  563,  note;  Ter. 
Andria,  lis ;  so  Cic.  Ad  Att.  ix.  10,  2,  me  haec  res  torquet  quod 
Pompeium  tamquam  unus  manipulus  secutus  sim ;   cf.  De  Orat.  i. 

57 


58  NOTES.     CHAP.  26,  LINES  5-11. 

29,  132,  with  Wilkiiis's  note ;  also  Catullus,  22,  10,  unus  capri- 
mulgus,  '  an  absolute  bumpkin.'  In  these  passages  unus  =  qui- 
vis,  quilibet  unus,  an  emphatic  *  any.'  —  vos  nescitis :  the 
pronoun  seems  redundant ;  ego  and  tu  are  often  so  used  in 
Petr. ;  Introd.  p.  xxxvi;  cf.  Landgraf,  Cic.  Pj'o  Sex.  Rose.  p.  131. 

—  apud  quem  fiat:  'where  the  cooking's  to  be.'  —  Trimalchio 
lautissimus  homo  :  Malchio  is  translated,  in  the  Glossarium 
Philoxeni  (Co7'p.  Gloss.  Lat.  11.  126,  27),  by  arjSrjs,  'unpleasant'; 
thus  Trimalchio  =  rpU  dryST/s.  The  gloss  is  supported  by  Mar- 
tial, iii.  82,  32,  has  malchionis  patimur  improhi  fastus.  Malchio 
also  occurs  as  a  cognomen  in  inscriptions  from  Cumae,  Rome, 
Verona ;  Nettleship,  Contributions  to  Lat.  Lex.  p.  552.  On  the 
force  of  the  prefix  tri-,  cf.  trifur,  trifurcifer,  triparcus,  trivenejica  ; 
so  in  Greek,  TpcKv/xLa,  '  a  huge  wave,'  Tptop^r]^,  TpiTrdXai,  rpt- 
TraAro?.  —  buoinatorem  subornatum :  possibly  he  blew  his 
trumpet  every  hour.  We  read  of  such  bucinatores  in  Juv.  10,  216, 
quot  nuntiet  horas ;  Mart.  viii.  67,  1,  horas  quinque  puer  nondum 
tibi  nuntiat.  —  quantum  de  vita  :  '  how  the  time  has  flown  ' ; 
Trim,  was  not  lugubrious,  but  strenuous  and  methodical.  — 

usque  hoc:  for  hue  usque,  a  strong  aclhuc;  hoc  is  the  old  and 
popular  form  of  hue.  In  his  letters,  Cic.  adheres  to  the  form 
hue,  while  hoe  occurs  in  those  of  his  friends.  —  in  balnea  sequi : 
possibly  some  of  the  original  description  by  Petr.  has  been 
omitted  after  these  words.  Encolpius  and  his  friends  had 
dressed,  not  for  the  banquet,  but  in  order  to  go  out.  Having 
the  usual  preliminary  bath  in  mind,  they  request  Giton  to 
attend  as  pedisequus ;  but  arriving  at  the  baths,  they  are  lost 
in  the  crowds  or  find  themselves  ahead  of  time  (which  facts 
are  omitted  in  this  abbreviated  account),  and  they  proceed  to 
kill  time  (interim)  by  strolling  about,  joking,  and  watching  the 
games  which  are  going  on.  Whether  the  account  has  been 
abbreviated  after  errare  coepimus  depends  upon  how  much  was 
probably  omitted  after  balnea  sequi.  The  sport  described  in 
this  chapter  takes  place  in  the  large  room  called  the  sphaeri- 
sterium.     Cf.  Marquardt,  Privatleben  der  Romer,  p.  281. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  27,  LINES   1-15.  59 

27.    errare  coepimus  :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xl.  —  pueros  capilatos  : 

members  of  the  (jrcx  capillatus ;  cf.  Mart.  ii.  57,  5.  They  were 
youths  whose  services  were  light  and  required  grace ;  cf.  70,  21. 
They  were  selected  for  their  beauty,  their  long  hair  being  an 
important  element.  A  conlihertus  of  Trimalchio  says  of  him- 
self, 57,  .33,  puer  capillatus  in  hanc  coloniam  veni.  Another  in 
anger  calls  the  boy  attendant  of  Encolpius,  58.  4,  caepa  cirrata, 
*  you  frizzled  onion,'  and  threatens  iam  curaho  longe  tibi  sit 
comula  ista  besalis,  'I'll  see  to  it  that  those  little  curls  do  you 
small  good.'  —  notavimus  :  Introd.  p.  xl.  So  Mart.  ii.  71,  1, 
Candidius  nihil  est  te,  Caeciliane ;  notavi ,  cf.  the  phrase  nota 
bene.  —  matellam  argenteam :  an  example  of  Trim.'s  lau- 
titia,  with  which  cf.  his  private  horologium  and  bucinator, 
just  mentioned.  Social  conditions  in  Nero's  time  had  many 
modern  features,  particularly  in  the  rise  of  the  parvenu  and 
the  ostentation  of  the  nouveau  riche.  Ordinarily  the  matella 
was  made  of  bronze  or  clay ;  Mart,  alludes  to  a  very  elaborate 
one  in  Epigram,  xi.  11.  6,  Te  potare  decet  gemma,  qui  Mentora 
frangis  \  in  scapkium  moechae,  Sardanapalle,  tuae.  —  alter  nu- 
merabat  pilas  :  Trim,  plays  the  game  like  any  rich  man,  con- 
tenting himself  with  simply  sending  the  balls  for  others  to 
catch  on  the  bound ;  commonly  the  successful  catches  were 
counted,  but  here  the  failures  were  scored  and  the  dead 
balls  were  left  to  lie  where  they  fell.  Cf.  Marq.  Privatl. 
p.  841  ff.  —  Menelaus  :  mentioned  only  here  in  the  Cena:  he 
is  an  instructor  who  assists  Agamemnon.  —  cubitum  pone- 
tis  :  'dine';  cf.  reclinatus  in  cubitum,  39,  4;  reposui  cubitum, 
65,  14.  Many  ancient  monuments  show  the  Roman  resting 
his  left  arm  upon  a  pulvinus  while  reclining  at  dinner.  Cf 
Marq.  Privatl.  p.  303.  —  principium  cenae  :  Friedlander  sug- 
gests that  Trim,  probably  partook  of  a  light  lunch  here, 
and  that  this  explains  why  he  appeared  at  table  after  the 
eating  had  begun.  That  lunches  were  sold  at  the  baths  is 
shown  by  Mart.  xii.  19,  In  thermis  sumit  lactucas  ova  lacertum 
Aemilius ;  Sen.  Ep.  .56,  2,  complains  of  the  cries  of  the  cake 
and   sausage   venders.      Exercise   was,  however,   practically   a 


60  NOTES.     CHAP.  28,  LINES  1-20. 

part  of  the  dinner;    cf.  Hor.   Sat.  i.  6,  where  Maecenas  and 
his  friends  play  ball  before  dining. 


28.  Longum  erat  singula  excipere :  '  it  would  be  a  long 
task '  (but  I  do  not) ;  cf.  Gildersleeve-Lodge,  254,  2.  Singula 
refers  to  their  presentation  to  Trim.,  and  the  exchange  of  greet- 
ings ;  scarcely  to  such  excitement  in  and  about  the  baths  as  Sen.  ; 
describes,  Ep.  56.  2.  —  calfacti  momento  .  .  .  frigidam  exi-  J  ^ 
mus :  on  calfacti,  cf.  In  trod.  p.  xxxiii,  B,  1.  The  suddenness  of  the 
change  from  hot  to  cold  is  mentioned  on  account  of  its  unusual- 
ness  ;  there  seems  to  have  been  no  tepidarium.  Cf.  the  account 
of  the  Stabian  Baths,  Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  p.  184.  —  iatra-  ! 
liptae  :  not  unlike  the  masseurs  of  modern  sanatoriums.  The 
word  occurs  in  some  superscriptions  to  Horace,  Odes,  ii.  4 ;  but 
this  is  its  first  appearance  in  the  literature.  Cf.  Friedl.  Sitteng. 
ii.  p.  487.  —  hoc  suum  propinasse :  Trim,  protests  that  this 
is  his  precious  Falernian  that  they  had  spilled ;  they  were  not 
to  make  so  free  with  what  belonged  to  him.  With  all  his 
wealth,  Trim,  can  be  close;  cf  34,  init.  —  cursoribus  phale- 
ratis  :  note  the  evidences  here  of  the  host's  lautitia  :  in  using 
liveried  runners  he  imitates  Nero,  of  whom  Suet,  says  {Nero, 
c.  30)  that  he  travelled  armillata  falerataque  Mazacum  turha  atque 
cursorum.  —  chiramaxio :  on  Greek  words  in  Petr.,  cf.  Introd. 
p.  xxxiv,  and  Index,  Greek  Words.  —  symphoniacus  cum  .  .  . 
tibiis  :  there  is  much  music  during  the  dinner ;  cf.  31,  11 ;  so  32, 
1 ;  33,  12;  cf.  Index,  under  Symphonia.  —  libellus  erat  cum  in- 
scriptione  :  Trim.'s  establishment  was  so  large  that  system  was 
necessary.  The  Roman  house  was  a  machine  in  which  all  the 
powers  of  body  and  mind  possessed  by  the  slaves  and  freedmen 
were  for  the  use  of  the  master ;  Friedl.  Sitteng.  iii.  137,  Sklaven- 
luxus.  —  pica  varia  salutabat :  magpies,  jays,  and  parrots  were 
pet  birds ;  the  Romans  were  fond  of  their  chattering ;  cf  Mart, 
xiv.  76,  Pica  loquax  certa  dominum  te  voce  saluto ;  vii.  87,  6,  Pica 
salutatrix  si  tibi,  Lause,  placet.  Crows  and  parrots  were  taught 
to  say,  "  have,'*  or  "  have,  Caesar  " ;  Mart.  iii.  95, 1 ;  xiv.  73.     On 


NOTES.     CHAP.  29,  LINES   1-7.  Gl 

talking  parrots  and  magpies,  cf.  Jahn,  Persius,  Prol.  8.  In  iii.  60, 
Mart,  complains  that,  when  he  dines  out,  he  gets  no  fat  bird 
when  the  game  is  served ;  ponitur  in  cavea  mortua  pica  mihi. 
The  pica  is  varia  on  account  of  its  long  spotted  tail ;  Plin.  N.H. 
X.  29,  41. 


29.  Ceterum  =  sed.  It  is  so  used  by  Petr.  when  he  departs 
from  the  general  thread  to  less  important  but  humorous  par- 
ticulars, especially  where  there  is  a  change  of  persons,  as  52, 18  ; 
57, 1.  Conversely,  it  may  be  used  where,  after  a  digression,  he  re- 
turns to  the  original  thread  of  the  story.  —  dum  omnia  stupeo : 
Petr.  uses  dum  throughout  with  either  the  pres.  or  impf.  ind., 
and  with  a  temporal  or  causal  sense.  Stupeo  is  trans.,  as"  in  Yal. 
Flacc.  i.  149 ;  so  often  in  verse ;  so  again  in  Petr.  137,  haec  me 
stupente ;  in  58,  30,  it  is  intr.  —  cave  canem  :  see  Mau-Kelsey, 
p.  309,  on  the  famous  canis  catenarius  in  mosaics  found  in  the 
floor  of  the  House  of  the  Tragic  Poet  at  Pompeii ;  here  the  dog 
is  painted  on  the  wall  ad  sinistram  intrantibus.  The  letters  in 
which  the  warning  was  painted  are  quadratae,  or  '  hewn  letters,' 
i.e.,  letters  used  in  inscriptions  on  saxa  quadrata ;  these  of  course 
would  be  capitals.  In  72,  15,  the  Ostiarius  has  a  real  dog,  canis 
catenarius  {ingentis  formae  catena  vinct us,  64,  22).  —  totum  pa- 
rietem  persequi :  Encolpius  is  now  in  the  large  porticus  (cf. 
1.  11,  in  deficiente  vero  iam  porticu).  In  houses  of  men  of  ordi- 
nary wealth  the  vestibule,  or  fauces,  opened  into  the  atrium ; 
see,  e.g.,  Mau-Kelsey,  pp.  308,  316.  Trim,  has  by  no  means  a 
small  establishment.  This  porticus  is  not  only  large  enough  to 
give  full  scope  for  his  amour-propre  in  its  extensive  mural  paint- 
ings, but  makes  a  training  ground  for  a  grex  cursorum ;  29, 15.  — 

venalicium  cum  titulis  :  the  first  of  a  series  of  pictures  illus- 
trating the  Rise  of  Trimalcliio  ;  here  he  stands  for  sale  in  a 
sla\'e  market,  a  little  long-haired  fellow,  of  whom  the  full-grown 
man  says,  76,  23,  tarn  magnus  ex  Asia  veni  quam  hie  candelahrus 
est.     He  carries  the  emblem  of  the  patron  god  of  the  business 


62  NOTES.     CHAP.  29,  LINES  9-17. 


Ji!' 


man,  since,  thanks  to  Minerva  who  had  given  him  wit,  he  had 
'  coined  money  '  and  won  his  freedom.  The  Tituli  are  the 
names  appended  to  the  different  figures  in  the  pictures,  as  on 
Greek  vases ;  cf.  Roscher,  Mythol.  Lex.  i.  p.  1174,  or  the  illus- 
trations in  Miss  Harrison's  Myths  of  the  Odyssey.  —  denique 
dispensator :  the  epitomator  gives  the  first  few  and  the  last  of 
the  pictures  on  the  side  panels,  i.e.,  on  the  wall  parallel  with  the 
street.  These  represented  Trim,  the  slave,  the  office  of  dispen- 
sator being  the  highest  to  which  he  could  rise.  To  the  far  right 
or  left  of  the  company  as  they  entered,  i.e.,  on  the  wall  at  right 
angles  with  the  street,  are  scenes  from  the  life  of  Trim,  the 
freedman.  —  in  tribunal  excelsum  :  this  was  his  proudest 
moment ;  his  wealth  had  given  him  a  civil  office.  The  scene 
is  to  be  engraved  on  his  tomb ;  cf.  71,  29.  It  is  a  shrewd 
symbolism,  which  ascribes  the  elevation  of  his  chin  to  Mer- 
cury's hand  placed  beneath  it ;  in  43, 12,  one  of  the  guests  says  of 
another  freedman,  et  quod  illius  mentum  sustulit,  hereditatem  acce- 
pit.  The  action  in  the  picture  is  expressed  by  both  the  verb 
and  its  tense.  —  Fortuna :  often  seen  with  horn  of  plenty  on 
coins;  cf.  Roscher,  i.  1504  ff. ;  Friedl.  Sitteng.  iii.  224.  —  aurea 
pensa  torquentes :  Seneca,  Apocolocyntosis,  4,  3-7,  describes 
the  Fates  similarly  deciding  the  career  of  Nero  : 

at  Lachesis  ...  i 

Candida  de  niveo  subtemina  vellere  sumit  \ 

i 

felici  moderanda  manu,  quae  ducta  colorem  j 

assumpsere  novum,     mirantur  pensa  sorores :  j| 

mutatur  vilis  pretioso  lajia  metallo,  I 

aurea  formoso  descendunt  saecula  filo. 

nee  modus  est  illis,  felicia  vellera  ducunt  _  i 

et  gaudent  implere  manus,  sunt  dulcia  pensa. 

—  erant  Lares  argentei  :  cf.  Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  pp.  262- 
266.  In  60,  28,  the  names  of  three  are  given ;  with  thern 
was  a  vera  imago  ipsius  Trimalchionis ;  it  was  his  genius.  The 
Veneris  signum  stood  among  them,  either  for  its  beauty,  or 
because  the  goddess  had  first  opened  the  road  to  wealth  for 


NOTES.     CHAP.  29,  LINE   18;    CHAP.  30,  LINE  8.        63 

Trim. ;  cf.  75,  28.  —  barbam  ipsius  conditam  esse  :  the  first 
shaving  of  the  beard,  depositio  barbae,  had  for  the  Romans  even 
more  interest  than  for  moderns  the  first  clipping  of  a  baby's 
curls.  Trim,  proposes,  in  73,  25,  tangomenas  facere,  in  honor 
of  the  barbatoria  of  one  of  his  slaves.  Cf.  Juv.  Sat.  3,  186. 
Trim,  may  have  dedicated  his  beard  to  Venus.  According  to 
Dio  Cass.,  Xero  dedicated  his  beard  to  Jupiter,  and  celebrated 
the  event  with  a  festival.  Cf.  Suet.  Nero,  12.  —  interrogare 
ergo  atriensem  :  they  have  passed  from  the  portieus  to  the 
atrium ;  the  description  has  been  condensed  by  the  epitomator. 
as  indicated  by  ergo :  so  in  31,  8.  —  Iliada  :  Homeric  scenes 
were  favorite  subjects  for  mural  painting;  cf.  ^liss  Harrison, 
Myths  of  the  Odyssey ;  Mau-Kelsey,  pp.  468-474. 


30.  procurator :  wealthy  Romans  had  a  slave  of  this  high 
office  to  serve  as  general  factotum  or  entrepreneur  when  their 
possessions  or  business  got  beyond  their  personal  control.  This 
officer  might  have  whole  greges  of  slaves  subject  to  his  author- 
ity; he  was  the  superior  of  the  d'lspensator,  see  1.  8.  —  fasces 
erant  cum  securibus  :  as  sevir  Augustalis,  Trim,  was  entitled 
to  the  fasces,  but  not  to  the  secures,  which  were  an  unwarranted 
decoration  added  by  the  artist.  The  bottom  of  the  fasces  termi- 
nates in  a  point  which  rests  upon  the  beak  of  a  ship.  Inscrip- 
tion Xo.  5035  in  C.I.L.  has  fasces  on  either  side  infra  acuminati 
as  here.  Biicheler  holds  that  the  embolum  formed  part  of  the 
cornice  of  the  door  and  that  the  two  bundles  of  fasces  drooped 
from  it ;  for  imam  partem  he  reads  unam  partem,  i.e.,  the  upper 
part. —  Seviro  Augustali :  the  seviri  Augustales  constituted  a 
prominent  society  in  the  towns  of  Italy.  They  were  wealthy 
men,  not  noble  nor  freeborn,  but  usually  engaged  in  one  of  the 
less  reputable  professions  or  trades.  In  return  for  the  honors 
given  them  at  public  functions,  they  made  large  gifts  of  money 
to  their  fellow-townsmen.  They  represented  and  maintained 
the  observance  of  the  worship  of  the  emperor.  They  had  a 
middle  position  between  the  nobility  and  the  small  people,  and 


64         NOTES.     CHAP.  30,  LINE  9;    CHAP.  31,  LINE  1. 

were  highly  pleased  when  one  of  the  former  gave  a  friendly 
acknowledgment  to  their  salutations,  or  spoke  to  them  by 
name  as  one  of  us.  Marq.  Stadtsverfass.  i.  197  if.  —  lucerna 
bilychnis  :  cf.  Mau-Kelsey,  p.  365.  —  III  et  pridie  kalendas  : 
these  two  functions  had  already  taken  place,  since  the  question 
is  asked,  58,  5,  rogo  mensis  deceinber  est  ?  The  Cena  must  have 
been  given  in  early  January,  while  the  days  were  cold  and 
short;  cf.  41,  24,  du7n  versus  te,  noxjit  .  .  .  et  mundum  frigus  habui- 
mus.  —  C.  noster  foras  cenat :  freedmen  loved  to  be  addressed 
by  their  first  names ;  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5,  32,  gaudent  praenomine 
molles  auriculae.  In  50,  1,  we  have  Gaio  feliciter ;  67,  1,  Gai, 
rogo,  Fortunata  quare  non  recumbit ;  cf.  70,  18;  75,  4.  foras 
for foris;  cf  Introd.  p.  xxxviii;  lit.  'dines  forth  to-day.''  —  Hia 
voluptatibus  :  these  have  been  omitted  by  the  epitomator.  — 
dextro  pede  :  frequently  in  the  sense  of  feliciter ;  cf  Juv.  10,  5, 

quid  tarn  dextro  pede  concipis,  ut  te 
conatus  non  paeniteat  votique  peracti  f 

and  Friedlander's  note  on  the  line.  Here  it  is  used  literally ; 
Trim,  has  his  superstitions;  note  his  belief  in  astrology  just 
hinted  at.  Cf  his  alarm  at  the  crowing  of  the  cock,  74,  1.  — 
ceterum  ut  pariter :  cf.  ceterum  ego,  29,  1 ;  the  added  thought 
is  humorous,  parenthetic,  and  of  minor  importance.  —  despoli- 
atus  :  'stripped';  cf.  49,  11.  —  subducta  ...  in  balneo  :  steal- 
ing clothes  at  the  baths  was  common  in  Athens  as  well  as  in 
Rome;  cf  Plant.  Rudens,  384;  Catullus,  33,  1,  o  furum  optime 
balneariorum,  and  Ellis's  note.  The  punishment  for  such  thefts 
was  severe.     Title  47,  17  of  the  Digesta  treats  particularly  de  i 

furibus  balneariis ;  cf  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  281.  ;  j 

I 

31.    quid  ergo  est?     'Well!    what  of  it?'     Petr.  has  this  | 

phrase  five  times ;  it  is  common  in  the  philosophic  writings  of 
the  younger  Seneca.  —  tam  grandi  =  tanto ;  so  86,  tarn  grande 
munus ;  92,  pondus  tam  grande;  108,  tam  grande  f acinus.  Al- 
though grandis   (not  magnus')   has  left  its  descendants  in  the 


NOTES.     CHAP.  31,  LINES  3-8.  65 

romance  languages,  tarn  magnus  is  the  commoner  plebeian  sub- 
stitute for  tantus  as  late  as  the  time  of  Petr.  —  stupentibua  : 
*to  our  consternation.' — ad  summam :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xl,  E,  5; 
this  phrase  is  frecj^uent  in  Seneca ;  cf.  De  Gtio,  5,  13,  ad  summam 
quaero  an  ex  praeceptis  suis  vixerint  Cleanthes  .  .  .  Zenon;  so  Cic. 
De  Off.  i.  149,  ad  summam  ne  agam  de  singulis;  cf.  Hor.  Epis.  i. 
1,  106 ;  so  Juv.  3,  79,  in  summa  non  Maurus  erat  neque  Sarmata 
nee  Thrax;  cf.  Hand,  Tursellinus,  p.  130. — vinum  domini- 
cum  :  Juv.  describes  in  Sat.  5,  24  ff.  how  different  wines  are  set 
before  their  guests  by  rich  patrons ;  cf  Friedl.  Sitteng.  i.  386  ff. 
Martial,  iv.  85,  quoted  by  Burmann,  tells  how  the  rich  patron 
sometimes  used  cups  of  alabaster  so  that  the  difference  of 
quality  in  the  wines  might  not  be  detected : 

Nos  hibimus  vitro,  tu  murra,  Pontice.     Quare  ? 
Prodat  perspicuus  ne  duo  vina  calix. 

When  it  was  said  to  Pliny  {Epp.  ii.  6)  that  he  must  find  his 
custom  expensive  of  having  but  one  quality  "on  his  table,  he 
replied  that  it  was  not,  for  his  wine  was  all  cheap.  Friedl,  has 
noted  the  senarius :    vinum  dominicum   ministratoris   gratia   est. 

—  Tandem  ergo  discubuimus :  the  first  two  words  are  those 
of  the  epitomator.  who  thus  resumes  after  omitting  a  part  of  the 
original ;  so  in  52.  13  ;  he  uses  tandem  alone  in  53,  23  ;  ergo  alone 
61,  1 ;  64,  37  ;  29,  20 ;  igitur,  74, 15.  Discubuimus  is  used  of  one 
person  in  57, 4;  67,  5;  70,  29,  for  accumbere  or  recumbere;  so  Juv. 
5,  12  and  6.  434.  That  the  company  is  a  large  one  is  seen  from 
the  number  who  take  part  in  the  conversation  :  Trimalchio, 
Agamemnon,  Ascyltus,  Encolpius,  Diogenes,  Hermeros,  Xiceros, 
Phileros,  Plocamus,  I.  Proculus,  Echiou,  Ganymedes,  Seleucus, 
Dama ;  the  couches  must  have  been  large  enough  also  to  accom- 
modate five  or  more  apiece,  since  Habinnas  and  his  wife  come 
in  later  and  recline  with  them.  The  triclinium  was,  therefore, 
an  unusually  large  one.  There  are  also  numerous  slaves  pass- 
ing continually,  and  several  scenes  take  place  which  require 
room.     Such  crowding  was  once  considered  undignified  (Cic.  In 


I 


6Q  NOTES.     CHAP.  31,  LINES  8-20. 

Pis.  27,  67) ;  for  four  on  one  couch,  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  i.  3.  Cf. 
Mau-Kelsey,  pp.  256-260,  on  the  Pompeian  dining-rooms ;  Tri- 
malchio's    must    have    been    larger    than    even    the    largest  , 

(25  X  33  ft.)  mentioned  on  p.  259.  —  pueris  Alexaudrinis  :  in  i 

34,  9,  are  duo  Aethiopes ;  in  35,  14,  an  Aegyptius  puer ;  in  68,  \ 

8,  a,  puer  Alexandi-inus.     The  most  honored  slaves  were  not  only  I 

those  associated  with  the  master  in  his  business,  or  literary  and 
leisure  hours,  but  also,  toward  the  end  of  the  Republic,  his 
musicians  and  pantomimes,  and  particularly  pueri  Alexandrini 
who  were  much  sought  on  account  of  their  loquacity ;  cf.  Sta- 
tins, Silv.  V.  5,  66. 

Non  ego  mercatus  Pharia  de  puppe  loquaces 
delicias,  doctumve  sui  convicia  Nili 
infantem,  lingua  nimium  salibusque  protervum 
dilexi. 

Marq.  Privatl.  p.  151.  —  aquam  nivatam :  ex  nimbus  facta  = 
nivea  aqua,  Mart.  xii.  17,  6.  Cf.  Corp.  Gloss.  Lat.  VI.,  p.  7-40.  -^ 
pantomimi  chorum :  '  one  would  think  he  was  in  the  green- 
room of  a  theatre  instead  of  in  the  dining-room  of,'  etc.  Origi- 
nally pantomime  was  the  rhythmic  performance  of  a  notable 
scene  from  some  play ;  but  as  it  rose  to  the  dignity  of  artistic 
dancing,  song  naturally  accompanied  it.  Pylades,  22  B.C.,  added 
an  orchestra,  consisting  of  the  syrinx,  cymbals,  zither,  lyre, 
and,  for  marking  time,  the  scabellum ;   Friedl.  Sitteng.  ii.  453. 

—  locus  .  .  .  primus  servabatur :  the  conventional  place  for 
the  host  is  the  summus  in  imo ;  here  Trim,  takes  the  summus 
in  summo ;  cf  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  304;  Mau-Kelsey,  p.  257.  —  in 
promulsidari :  upon  this  the  gustatio  (sometimes  called  gustus, 
or  promulsis  when  served  with  wine  and  honey)  was  brought  in, 
forming  a  course  preliminary  to  the  dinner  proper.  Soft  eggs  " 
usually  formed  part  of  it ;  hence  Horace's  ah  ovo  usque  ad  mala, 
'  from  oysters  to  coffee.'  Here  the  guests  have  olives,  strained 
honey  with  poppy  seeds,  sausages,  damascenes,  and  sliced  pome- 
granate, from  which  to  choose.  —  asellus  Corinthius :   Trim. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  31,  LINE  20;    CHAP.  32,  LINE  6.         67 

explains  in  c.  50  the  origin  of  this  variety  of  bronze.  —  bis- 
sacio  :  here  only  in  Lat.  lit. ;  in  glosses  and  in  Pseudoacron's 
schol.  on  Hor.  Sat.  i.  6,  106,  it  appears  in  the  fem. ;  pera  quam 
dicunt  hissaciam  quia  pauperes  quum  insidunt  iumentis  post  se  sarci- 
nas  habent.  It  survived  as  a  fein.  in  the  Romance  languages,  and 
was  probably  a  plebeian  word.  —  inscriptum  erat  et  argenti 
pondus :  in  33,  17,  engraved  silver  spoons  (cochlearia)  are 
mentioned ;  in  59,  20,  a  platter  Qanx)  is  described  as  ducenaria 
(adopting  Friedlander's  reading)  ;  in  67,  22,  scales  are  actually 
brought  in  to  test  the  correctness  of  the  inscription.  Cf.  Friedl. 
Sitteng.  iii.  p.  124.  —  Syriaca  pruna  :  this  fruit  was  being  suc- 
cessfully cultivated  in  Italy ;  cf.  Plin.  Nat.  Hist.  xv.  43,  Dama- 
scena  a  Syriae  Damasco  cognominata,  iam  pridem  in  Italia  nascentia. 
— granis  Punici  mali :  '  pomegranate ' ;  so  Mart.  vii.  29, 10,  Pimi- 
corum  .  .  .  grana  malorum;  i.  43,  6,  Punica  grana. 


32.  ad  symphoniam  allatus  est :  to  the  tune  of  '  Hail  to 
the  chief!'  cf.  28,  11.  —  adrasum  excluserat  caput:  what 
amused  the  guests  was  the  sight  of  the  old  man's  bald  head  lost 
amid  so  many  dainty  sofa  cushions.  He  seems  to  have  copied 
some  of  the  habits  of  his  old  master,  Maecenas ;  cf.  Sen.  Epis. 
114,  4  and  6,  quo  modo  amhulaverit  [j^Iaecenas'\  quam  delicatus 
fuerit  .  .  .  sic  apparuit  ut  pallio  velaretur  caput  exclusis  utrimque 
auriculis.  —  circaque  oneratas  :  '  and  around  his  well-padded 
neck  he  had  put  a  broad-striped  napkin  with  fringes  hanging 
to  either  side.'  Veste :  the  generous  folds  of  his  pallium.  — 
mappam :  napkins  are  first  mentioned  by  Horace,  Sat.  ii.  8, 
63,  though  their  use,  at  least  in  polite  company,  was  much 
older.  The  host  provided  them  ;  but  guests  frequently  brought 
their  own  in  order  to  take  away  the  apophoreta.  That  napkins 
were  sometimes  stolen  by  guests  is  evident  from  Mart.  Epig. 
xii.  29.  —  sinistrae  manus  anulum  .  .  .  subauratum :  when 
the  cock  crows,  74,  4,  he  shifts  the  ring  to  his  right  hand ; 
sculptured  monuments  show  that  men  as  a  rule  wore  the  ring 
on  the  fourth  finger,  probably  of  the  left  hand ;  Marq.  Privatl. 


68        NOTES.     CHAP.  32,  LINE  11;    CHAP.   33,  LINE  9. 

p.  701 ;  Plin.  Nat.  Hist,  xxxiii.  24.    Trim,  could  wear  a  pure  gold 

equestrian  ring  only  when  actually  serving  as  sevir;  on  his  tomb 

he  desires  to  be  represented  wearing  five  gold  rings  while  holding  (■  1 

the  office  of  seviratus,  71,  30.    The  Emperor   Claudius  punished 

a  number  of  freedmen  who  wore  these  rings  unlawfully ;  Friedl. 

Sitteng.  i.  294.  —  armilla  aurea :    another  is  described  in  67, 

20 ;  the  custom  of  wearing  armlets  and  bracelets  came  to  Rome 

from  the  Orient.     Cf.  2  Samuel,  i.  10. 


33.  pinna  .  .  .  dentes  perfodit :  the  action  suits  the  words 
which  follow;  Trim,  had  probably  already  had  something  to 
eat ;  see  note  on  principium  cenae,  27,  15.  Martial,  xiv.  22, 
speaks  of  various  toothpicks  : 

Lentiscum  melius:  sed  si  tihifrondea  cuspis 
Defuerit,  dentes  pinna  levare  potest. 

— absentivos  morae :  cf.  Introd.  pp.  xxxiii  and  xxxiv,  2.  Adjec- 
tives in  -ivus  belong  to  the  Sermo  Pleh.  and  are  found  in  Plautus 
(e.g.,  abditivus,  ascriptivus,  collativus,  subditivus),  Terence  and  Cato ; 
cf.  also  C.I.L.  II.  3444.  Similar  forms  which  occur  in  the  later 
Latin,  as,  e.g.,  primitivus,  are  given  in  Ronsch,  Itala  und  Vulgata. 
—  aureos  .  .  .  denarios  :  denarii  were  of  silver ;  gold  coins 
(nummi^  are  meant  which  in  size  resembled  denarii.  Cf.  44,  29, 
and  Plin.  Nat.  Hist,  xxxiv.  7,  37,  where  denarius  aureus  refers  to 
gold  pieces  of  foreign  coinage.  This  game  in  which  coins  were 
used  instead  of  the  usual  ebony  and  glass  pawns  is,  according 
to  Friedl.,  the  Indus  duodecim  scriptorum  described  in  Marq. 
Privatl.  p.  857 ;  we  know  only  that  there  were  twenty-four 
checks,  twelve  on  each  side,  and  that  the  pawns  were  moved 
according  to  the  throws  of  the  dice.  Cf  Harpers'  Diet.  Antiq. 
p.  562.  —  omnium  textorum :  so  Juv.  (3,  294)  uses  sutor  of 
common  folk  in  general.  The  ref .  is  to  "  Billingsgate." —  dicta  = 
'  witticisms.'  —  repositorium  allatum  est :  a  second  course  in 
the  gustatio  is  unusual ;  it  is  evidence  of  the  lautitia  of  the  host ; 
cf  also  32,  1.     Without  this  second  course,  however,  the  dinner 


NOTES.     CHAP.  33,  LINE   16;    CHAP.  34,  LINE  3.         69 

would  not  have  had  its  usual  progress,  ah  ovo  usque  nd  mala. — 
mehercules  :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxix,  D,  and  Index.  In  early  com- 
edy the  form  hercle  is  the  commoner;  but  the  longer  forms  grow 
in  frequency  until  in  Seneca,  Petronius,  and  Apuleius  (Meta- 
morphoses.'), mehercules  prevails  almost  exclusively. —  cochlearia 
.  .  .  selibras  pendentia  :  the  cochlear  is  strictly  a  small  spoon, 
having  a  round  bowl  and  a  long-pointed  handle.  It  was  used 
in  eating  eggs  and  snails  (cochleae'),  whence  the  name.  The 
modern  teaspoon  is  more  like  the  ligula;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl. 
p.  314,  and  Martial,  xiv.  121,  under  the  lemma.  Cochlear, 

Sum  cochleis  hahilis  sed  nee  minus  utilis  ovis  ; 
Numquid  scis,  potius  cur  cochleare  vocer? 

That  the  cochlear  was  usually  very  small  and  not  so  heavy  as 
the  ligula  is  apparent  from  Martial  viii.  71,  9-10 : 

Octavus  lignlam  misit  sextante  minorem , 
Nanus  acu  levius  vix  cochleare  tulit. 

*  Fiir  Martial  sowie  fiir  die  allgemeine  anschau  ist  das  cochleare 
das  winkigste  hohlmaas  das  uberhaupt  vorkommt,'  Hultsch. 
Trim.'s  cochlearia,  how^ever,  weighing  each  a  half  pound,  are 
immensely  large;  probably  their  weight  was  engraved  upon 
them,  as  upon  the  edges  of  the  lances ;  31,  23.  —  ficedulam 
.  .  .  circumdatam :  the  sight  of  this  little  fig-pecker  (or  reed- 
bird)  buried  in  the  yolk  ex  farina  pingui  explains  why  Encolpius 
imagined  his  egg  in  pullum  coisse. 


34.  lusu  intermisso  :  the  game  described  in  the  preceding 
chapter.  —  iterum  mulsum  sumere  :  that  this  was  but  a  formal 
request,  which  the  guests  were  to  decline,  is  evinced  by  the 
suddenness  with  which  the  gustatoria  are  removed.  Columella, 
12,41,  gives  the  receipt  for  making  wim/smw.  An  amphora  found 
in  Pompeii  has  inscribed  upon  it  the  word  mulsum ;  cf  ]\Iau- 
Kelsey,  p.  496.  — symphonia  :  cf.  28.  11 ;  32,  1 ;  on  choro  can- 
tante,   cf.    31,  15.     The   description  suggests  how  thoroughly 


70  NOTES.     CHAP.  34,  LINES  8-19. 

Trim,  believed  that  '  order  is  Heaven's  first  law  ' ;  the  symphonia 
and  the  chorus  suggest  the  bell-tapping  and  the  marching  exer- 
cises of  a  schoolroom.  That  Trim,  is  a  vigorous  disciplinarian 
is  shown  in  the  following  sentence;  cf.  also  52,  10;  53,  13; 
and  74, 16  f .  —  supellecticarius  :  on  the  great  variety  of  slaves 
(controlled  by  the  atriensis)  who  saw  to  the  different  parts  of  the 
house  and  each  particular  belonging,  cf.  Marq.  Privatl.  pp.  142, 
143.  —  coepit  everrere  :  '  began  (i.e.,  proceeded)  to  clean  up.' 
Cf.  Introd.  p.  xl,  E,  2.  —  Aethiopes  capillati :  their  long  hair 
marked  them  as  not  full-blooded  Africans.  Pueri  Alexandrini 
are  mentioned  in  31,  8,  and  68,  8,  and  an  Aegyptius  puer  in  35, 
14.  —  harenam  in  amphitheatre  spargunt :  in  the  pauses  in 
gladiatorial  contests  the  blood-stained  ground  was  spaded  over 
and  covered  with  sand ;  cf.  Martial,  ii.  75,  5 :  H 

Nam  duo  de  tenera  puerilia  corpora  turba 
sanguineam  rastris  quae  renovabat  humum. 


—  Falernum  Opimianum :  Opimius  was  consul,  b.c.  121.     It 
was  upon  this  passage  that  Mommsen  based  his  argument  for 


—  elegantias :  the  vagueness  of  reference  in  this  plural  form 

shows  that  the  original  account  is  abridged  here.  —  aequum  | 

Mars  amat :  each  guest  is  to  dine,  as  it  were,  aequo  Marte,  by  j 

having  his  individual  table,  upon  which  his  food  will  be  brought,  \ 

from  the  centre  table.     For  the  usual  arrangement  of  the  table 

and  the  couches  see  Marq.  Privatl.  302  ff. ;  Harpers'  Diet.  Class.  l 

^n^  p.  1606.  —  amphorae  .  .  .  gypsatae  :  M'ith  this  Falernian  '. 

wine  and  the  ferculum  described  in  the  following  chapter  the  '{ 

gustatio,  or  prelude  to  the  Cena,  comes  to  an  end.     An  old  Ro-  | 

man  cellar  was  excavated  near  the  Porta  Flaminia  in  Rome  I 

in  which  many  amphorae  w^ere  found  standing  in  a  row  in 

sand;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  647.     The  amphorae  in  which  wine  ) 

was  stored  were  stopped  with  terra  cotta  corks  and  pitch  or 

plaster,  very  much  as  to-day  carboys  containing  acid  are  sealed. 

The  vintage  of  the  wine  was  inscribed  either  upon  the  amphora  \ 

itself  or  upon  a  tag  (pittacium);   cf.  Marq.   Privatl.  p.   461.  I 


1 


i 


II 


NOTES.     CHAP.  34,  LINES  22-32.  71 

the  year  b.c.  21,  as  the  date  of  the  Cena.  Cicero,  Brut.  83,  287, 
writing  in  b.c.  46,  says  that  Opimian  wine  was  too  old.  It  was 
at  its  best  when  fifteen  or  twenty  years  old.  Petr.  gives  us  here 
only  a  bit  of  the  reckless  bragging  of  Trim.  It  is  moreover 
doubtful  whether  Falernian  wine  was  famous  as  early  as  the 
consulate  of  Opimius.  Exaggeration  of  the  age  of  one's  wines 
was  not  uncommon ;  cf.  Martial,  viii.  45,  4  and  iii.  62,  1.  —  tengo- 
menas  faciamus  :  '  let  us  do  the  whistle-wetting  act.'  Biicheler 
suggests  that  Trim,  is  here  using  teugomenas  (which  does  not 
occur  outside  of  Petr.)  as  an  ace.  plu.  feni.  object  oi  faciamus^ 
on  the  analogy  of  kalendas  facer e,  and  that  he  mistakes  it  for  a 
participle  and  has  no  more  difficulty  in  saying  tangomenas  facere 
than  in  saying,  e.g.^  epagomenas  facere.  The  origin  and  strict 
sense  of  tengomenas  are  obscure ;  there  is  no  better  explanation 
than  that  of  Reinesius  who  connects  it  with  Alcaeus,  frag. 
39,  reyye  Trvev/xovas  (=  tangomenas)  otvo),  'wet  thy  lungs 
with  wine.'  Robinson  Ellis,  Class.  Rev.  1892,  p.  116,  suggests 
Teyytojxev  Jva<s,  '  let  us  wet  our  muscles,'  i.e.,  '  soak  ourselves.' 
Of  the  two,  however,  the  former  seems  the  more  plausible. 
Heraeus,  in  the  Vahlenfestschrift,  1901,  suggests  that  this  word  is 
the  title  of  a  comedy  or  mime,  Teyyo/xevai,  =  '  die  beschwippsten 
weiber,'  and  compares  with  it  such  titles  as  the  2v/x/3aAAo/x£vai 
of  Epinikos,  or  the  Svvepya^d/xevai  of  Herondas.  The  spelling 
tangomenas  in  the  Ms.  for  tengomenas  is  due  to  the  confusion 
which  is  further  illustrated  in  the  analyzing  of  compounds  like 
contingo,  attingo,  which  the  popular  mind  was  more  inclined  to 
take  from  tango  than  from  ting{u)o.  So  in  Petr.  66,  11,  we  have 
de  melle  me  usque  tetigi,  though  the  verb  has  less  of  the  meaning 
of  tango  than  of  tingo.  —  larvam  argenteam  :  a  very  small 
jointed  silver  skeleton  has  been  found  similar  to  the  one  here 
mentioned.  Cf.  drawing  in  Archaeol.  Anzeig.  1889,  p.  106. 
This  trick  of  Trim.'s  suggests  the  Egyptian  habit  referred  to 
in  Herodotus  ii.  78  and  Plutarch,  Isis  et  Osiris,  17.  Puteoli,  the 
chief  port  of  trade  with  Egypt,  was  not  far  from  the  estate  of 
Trim.  —  ergo  vivamus :  that  Trim,  was  a  maker  of  verse 
appears  from  41,  14.  —  In  putting  two  hexameters  before  his 


H 


72  NOTES.     CHAP.  35,  LINES  1-8. 

pentameter,  however  (a  form  of  tristich  which  is  not  uncom- 
mon on  the  tombstones  of  illiterate  people),  Trim,  shows  the 
earmarks  of  his  humble  origin.  That  these  triplets  could  be 
composed  off-hand  without  difficulty,  probably  because  they 
had  a  popular  jingle,  is  seen  in  55,  5.  With  the  first  of 
Trim.'s  verses,  cf.  Plant.  Capt.  22  and  51 ;  with  his  second, 
cf.  Hor.  Od.  iv.  7,  15  and  16. 


35.  ferculum  est  insecutum :  an  unusual  conclusion  of  the 
gustatio,  which  Trim,  has  thus  made  to  consist  of  three  parts, 
exclusive  of  the  wines,  («)  the  gustatio  lauta  in  which  the 
asellus  Corinthius  figured,  (b)  the  gallina  lignea  with  the  pavonina 
ova,  (c)  the  present  zodiacal  piece.  Laudationem.  refers  to  the 
sentiment  in  the  preceding  triplet  (a  laudatio  funehris).     We  ^ 

need  not  suppose  therefore  that  the  original  has  been  condensed.  | 

—  convertit  oculos  :  'drew  the  eyes';  so  Cic.  in  Catil.  4,  1,  1, 
in  me  omnium  vestrum  era  atque  oculos  esse  conversos ;  Seneca, 
De  ira,  ii.  11,  3,  totum  in  se  popidum  convertit. —  structor :  one  of 
the  familia  urbana,  '  qui  fercula  docte  componat,'  Juvenal,  Sat.  7, 
184 ;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  146.  Servius  on  Aen.  i.  704,  says 
struere  =  ordinare,  componere  ;  unde  structores  dicuntur  ferculorum 
compositores.  He  occurs  in  inscriptions ;  cf.  C.I.L.  VI.  4034 ; 
9045 ;  9046.  —  super  arietem  :  we  have  here  one  of  the  earliest 
enumerations  of  the  zodiacal  signs  in  strictly  Latin  literature. 
The  astronomica  of  Hyginus,  which  also  gives  the  list,  is  not  many 
years  earlier.  On  cicer  arietinum,  '  a  bumptious  chickpea,'  cf 
chickpea  in  the  Cent.  Diet.  Plin.  Nat.  Hist,  xviii.  124,  says  that 
it  is  arietino  capiti  simile,  unde  ita  appellant.  —  super  cancruni 
coronam  :  perhaps  because  the  centre  of  this  constellation  has 
a  circular  or  elliptical  form.  Cf.  what  Trim,  says  in  39,  21 ; 
this  is  the  only  sign  which  has  no  edible  piece  placed  over  it. 

—  super  leonem  ficum  Africanam  :  possibly  because  the  lion 
(more  correctly  the  panther)  was  called  Africana ;  or,  as  Friedl. 
suggests,  because  the  sun  passes    through    Leo  in  summer, 


I 


NOT^.     CHAP.  35,  LINE   11;    CHAP.   36,  LINE   11.        73 

and  Africa  was  to  the  Romans  a  perpetual  summer. —  oclo- 
petam :  '  augenzieler '  (Friedl.).  What  kind  of  an  animal 
this  '  eye-seeker  '  was  is  uncertain  ;  it  may  be  a  raven  ;  and  we 
may  have  here  a  humorous  reference  to  that  bird,  whose  habit 
of  pecking  out  eyes  is  proverbial.  Cf.  Isidor  13,  7,  43,  corvus: 
hie  prior  in  cadaveribus  oculum  petit.  That  birds  of  the  raven 
variety  were  eaten  appears  from  Mart.  iii.  60,  8 ;  cf.  Friedl,  iii. 
p.  17.  —  capricornum  looustam :  since  the  lobster's  claws 
suggest  a  pair  of  horns.  —  aquarius  anserem  :  probably  since 
the  wild  goose  is  a  water-bird.  —  atque  ipse  .  .  .  extorsit : 
'  and  Trim,  himself  murdered  a  song  from  the  mime  of  the 
"Garlic  eater.'"  Cy*.  note  on  centonarius,  45,  1,  and  Wblfflin, 
Rhein.  Mus.  xliii.  308.  —  suadeo  cenemus  :  ?.e.,  suad.  ut  cene- 
mus;  cf.  58,  7,  18,  41 ;  74,  43 ;  Plant.  Trin.  591,  681 ;  Asin.  644. 

—  hoc  est  in.  cenae :  'here  begins  the  Cena';  in.  =  initium 
(Reiske).  If  this  be  the  correct  interpretation,  these  four  words 
have  probably  slipped  into  the  text  from  a  marginal  note  made 
by  an  ancient  copyist  or  reader  of  Petronius,  who  saw  that  the 
Cena  proper  actually  begins  here. 


36.  tripudiantes  :  in  marked  contrast  to  the  tristitia  with 
which  the  guests  were  about  to  apply  themselves  ad  tarn  viles 
cibos.  Old  glosses  give  gaudium  =  tripiidium.  cf  Corp.  Gloss.  Lat. 
VI.  484.  —  superiorem  partem  repositorii  abstulerat :  by  this 
removal  of  the  zodiacal  cover  with  its  false  bottom  the  transi- 
!  tion  is  raiade  from  gustatio  to  cena,  hence  the  ceremonious  ad 

symphoniam  tripudiantes.  —  methodic  :  only  here  in  Latin  litera- 
ture ;  in  the  glosses,  where  it  also  occurs,  it  =  fxeOoBeia,  '  decep- 
tion ' ;  cf.  Paul,  Epist.  to  the  Ephesians,  iv.  14,  Trpo?  rrjv  ixeOohetav 
TTJ<s  TrAavr;?,  'against  the  wiles  of  error.' — scissor:  properly 
the  slave  who  did  the  carving ;  often,  however,  the  structor,  who 
prepared  the  dishes  (cf.  35,  5),  did  this  also.  The  scissor  was 
given  a  very  exact  and  careful  schooling  in  order  to  perform 
his  art  with  rhythm  and  grace;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl.  146;  Seneca, 


74         NOTES.     CHAP.  36,  LINE  12;    CHAP.  37,  LINE  6. 

De  brevit.  vitae,  12,  5;  Epis.  47,  6;  De  vit.  heat.  17,  2.  In  Juv.  9, 
109,  he  is  called  a  carptor.  —  essedarium  .  .  .  pugnare  :  there 
were  probably  in  Rome  and  elsewhere  in  Italy  in  Petronius's  time 
gladiators  who  reproduced  the  famous  chariot  fighting  of  the 
Celts  and  Britons,  described  by  Caesar,  Bell.  Gall.  iv.  33 ;  v.  15 
and  19.    Cf.  below  45, 17,  mulierem  essedariajii,  and  Friedl.  ii.  534. 

—  hydraule  cantante  :  Burmann's  warning  is  hardly  neces- 
sary, cave  capias  de  illis,  quae  nostris,  quorum  usus  in  templis, 
similia  sunt.  He  understands  that  the  accompaniment  is  made 
by  a  tibicen  qui  Jistula,  cuius  canales  aqua  implebantur,  canebat 
et  essedarium  quasi  classico  incendebat ;  this  would  suggest  the 
sound  which  children  to-day  make  with  a  kind  of  water-whistle. 
That  Nero  was  fond  of  organa  hydraulica  novi  et  ignoti  generis 
(about  whose  nature  we  are  therefore  in  the  dark)  appears  from 
Suetonius,  Nero,  41.  Quint,  ix.  4,  11  and  i.  10,  25  describes  the 
expressiveness  of  the  water-organ  and  its  power  over  the  feel- 
ings of  an  audience.  On  its  construction  cf.  Chappell,  History 
of  Music,  p.  325.  —  non  erubui  =  duravi,  c.  41,  4.  —  qui  supra 
me  accumbebat :  cf.  57,  4.  Hermeros  is  the  name  of  this 
neighbor ;  cf.  59,  3. 


37.   longe  accersere  fabulas :  *to  draw  all  I  could  out  of 
him.'' — hue  atque  illuc  discurreret :  so  Seneca,  Apocolocyn.  9,  J| 

Hercules,  qui  videret  ferrum  suum  in  igne  esse,  modo  hue  modo  illuc 
cursahat.  —  nummos  modio  metitur :  this  form  of  expressing 
great  wealth  is  common  in  Greek  and  Latin  as  in  English ;  see 
Otto,  Sprichicorter,  p.  225.  So  Cic.  Philipp.  2,  38,  97,  itaque 
tanti  acervi  nummorum  apud  istum  construuntur,  ut  iam  expen- 
dantur,  non  numerentur  pecuniae ;  cf  Plant.  Stichus,  587,  mihi 
medimnum  mille  esse  argenti  velim;  so  Juv.  3,  220;  Xenoph. 
Hellen.  iii.  2,  27.  —  modo  modo  :  '  only  yesterday ' ;  cf  42,  6, 
and  46,  30.  —  genius  tuus  :  the  deification  of  the  emperor  did 
much  to  develop  this  mode  of  addressing  a  man  indirectly  by 
his  abstract  alter  ego.     Nero  may  be  '  Divinity '  (in  Quo  Vadis), 


NOTES.     CHAP.  37,  LINES  7-13.  75 

but  ordinary  people  are  '  your  spirit,'  '  your  genius.'  So  in 
English  'your  highness,'  'your  honor,'  Cf.  62,  35;  75,  4; 
53,  7;  Roscher,  Mythol.  Lex.  1,  1G19 ;  Baumeister,  Denkm. 
p.  593 ;  Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  2G3-2t)7.  —  panem  accipere  :  so 
Diphilus,  frag.  91  (Kock),  Trap*  ^s  tov  aprov  17  Kvmv  ov  XafifSdva; 
cf.  Alexis,  frag.  73  (Kock).  —  nee  quid  nee  quare,  in  caelum 
abiit :  '  and  so  she  has  gone  soaring  aloft  and  away  from  us, 
and  I  don't  know  how  or  why.'  So  Cic.  Ad  Att.  ii.  19,  2,  Bihulm 
in  caelo  est  nee  quare  scio ;  cf.  ii.  20,  4;  ii.  9,  1  ;  ii.  21,  4;  and 
Hor.  Odes,  i.  1,  36,  sublimi  feriam  sidera  vertice.  Cf.  Index, 
\\x\([er  Alliteration.  —  topanta  est:  'is  all'  to  him;  a  common 
Greek  expression  ;  cf  Herod,  i.  122,  rjv  ri  ol  ev  toJ  Adyco  rk 
TrdvTa  rj  kww;  Eurip.  Orestes,  730,  Travra  yap  raS'  c?  crv  fxoL. 
So  Ovid,  Epist.  12,  161,  qui  nobis  omnia  solus  erat.  Fortunata 
is  brought  down  from  her  top  notch  at  the  end  of  the  cena;  cf. 
74,  26.  —  ad  summam,  mero  :  cf.  Introd.  p.  x^  4  and  5.  On 
the  thought,  cf.  Plant.  Bacch.  699  :  ^ 


z.  4  and  o. 


Ch.  Quid  dixit  ?     Mx.  si  tu  ilium  solem,  sibi  soletn  esse  dixeriSf 
se  ilium  lunam  credere  esse,  et  noctem,  qui  nunc  est  dies. 

—  saplutus  :  Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  C,  2  ;  similarly  zeta  appears  as  5 
in  C.I.L.  I.  1047  and  1299,  in  Setus,  =  Zetus.  The  proper  name 
Saplutius  occurs  on.  a  votive  offering  found  at  Mainz  ;  in  C.I.L. 
VIII.  7219,  the  form  is  Zaplutius.  —  lupatria  :  '  dieser  Racker  ' 
(Friedlander).  The  word  is  of  uncertain  derivation  and  mean- 
ing. It  ought  to  contain  some  complimentary  reference  to  For- 
tunata's  keenness.  Btich.,  taking  the  first  element  to  be  lupus, 
suggests  that  it  =  XvKdvBpwiro^,  versipellis .  quae  incognita  appa- 
reat.  Friedl.  takes  it  in  a  contemptuous  sense  (=  etwa  'huren- 
mensch  '),  and  suggests  lupatria  :  lupa  :  :  Tropvevrpia  :  Tropvr]]  for 
this  derivation  the  formation  of  the  word  poetria  affords  some 
support. —  sicca  sobria  :  'sober  and  steady';  cf.  Index,  under 
Alliteration.  This  was  a  current  phrase  under  the  empire;  cf. 
Mart.  xii.  30,  1,  siccus  sobrius  est  Aper ;  Senec.  Vita  beata,  12,  4 ; 
Epist.   18,  4,  and  114,  3.  —  pica   pulvinaris  :    '  a  regular  mv 


76        NOTES.     CHAP.  37,  LINE  13;    CHAP.  38,  LINE  2. 

lady's  magpie.'  The  pica  is  pulvinaris  because  it  is  tame  and 
has  the  freedom  of  its  mistress's  room  and  may  perch  in  pulvi- 
nari  by  her  side.  —  quein  amat,  amat :  cf.  Publil.  Syrus,  6,  aut 
amat  aut  odit  mulier,  nil  est  tertium.  —  qua  milvi  volant:  Her- 
meros  has  in  mind  the  proverb,  quantum  milvi  volant,  of  which 
the  scholiast  on  Pers.  4,  26,  quantum  non  milvus  obeiTet,  is  re- 
minded. Cf.  schol.  on  Jiiv.  9,  55,  tot  milvos  intra  tua  pascua  lassos, 
viz.,  nee  milvi  ea  transvolare  possunt.  —  nummoruni  nummos  : 
'and  such  heaps  of  money';  this  suggests  Hebrew  forms  of 
expression,  like  'song  of  songs,'  'holy  of  holies,'  'lord  of  lords'; 
so  Soph.  Oed.  Tyr.  464,  app-qr  app-qriov ',  Philoctet.  65,  ecrxar 
iax^iTiDV  KaKct.  Cf.  Plant.  Capt.  825,  regum  rex  regalior.  Possi- 
bly olim  oliorum,  in  43,  25,  is  analogous.  Landgraf,  Berl.  Phil. 
Woch.  1892,  p.  755.  —  babaecalis  in  rutae  folium  coniciet : 
'  he  can  knock  any  one  of  these  simpletons  into  a  cocked  hat.' 
Cf.  67,  18,  sic  710S  habaecali  (Heinsius,  for  bai'calae)  despoliamur ; 
in  both  passages,  babaecalus  =  'poor  fool.'  In  Arnobius,  4,  22 
(p.  159,  1.  11,  in  Reiffersch.),  it  has  the  sense  of  libidinosus. 
It  may  be  derived  from  /SaK-qko^,  reduplicated  to  express  intense 
disgust,  then  by  "  volksetyniologie,"  wrongly  connecting  it  with 
(SafSat,  altered  in  the  quantity  of  the  second  and  third  syllables. 
Grober  derives  it  directly  from  fSa^at,  leaving  the  penult,  how- 
ever, unexplained.  The  origin  of  in  rutae  folium  conicio  is 
obscure;  it  recurs  in  58,  16,  and  =  redigere  in  angustias.  Cf. 
Mart.  xi.  31,  17.  Burmann  explains  :  agit  de  immensa  multitu- 
dine  servorum,  qui  quotannis  in  contuberniis  suis  prolem  foecundam 
et  vernaculam  turbam  domino  suo  proferebant.  sed  ait  ilium  non 
curare  hanc  copiam,  quin  quemvis  ex  ii^tis  mulierosis  in  rutae  folium 
coniceret,  id  est,  medicamentis  steriles  faceret;  hanc  enim  vim  rutae 
esse  docet  praeter  alios  Plinius,  xx.  13,  51. 


i 


I 


38.  neo  est  quod  putes  :  so  Plaut.  Merc.  317,  nihil  est  iam 
quod  mihi  succenseas ;  Gildersleeve-Lodge,  525,  1,  note  2.  —  cre- 
drae  :  properly  the  lemon,  citrus ;  by  some  confusion  this  latter 
was  also  called  cedrus,  whence  the  mod.  Ital.  cedro.     The  inser- 


f 


i  . 


NOTES.     CHAP.  38,  LINES  2-9.  77 

tion  of  r  gives  a  form  analogous  Nvith  draucus  for  daucus,  frus- 
trum  ioY  frustum;  cf.  Gram.  Latini,  TV.  198,  30  ;  199,  3.  In  1.  10, 
culcitras  is  for  culcitas.  —  lacte  gallinaceum  :  things  as  rare 
as  hens'  teeth  he  has  home-grown ;  cf.  Lucian,  Trept  r.  i.  fxta-Bw 
avv6vT(DV,  §  13,  Koi  c^ets  to  Trj<i  ^AiJuiX.Oui<i  Kipas  /cat  d/xc'A^et? 
opvidoiv  yd\a.  Lacte  is  an  early  and  late  popular  form  of  lac 
(Xeue,  Fonnenlehre,  I.  239),  from  which  have  come  the  Span. 
leche,  Port,  leite,  French  hit,  Ital.  latte  (Grober,  Arckiv,  III.  274) ; 
it  is  also  found  in  glosses;  cf  C.G.L.  VI.  616;  lactem  occurs  in 
71,  2.  Cf.  Wagener,  Neue  Phil.  Rundschau,  1899,  p.  73. —  cula- 
vit  in  gregem  :  '  and  had  him  serve  his  ew^es.'  The  best  Italian 
sheep  were  those  of  Apulia,  Calabria,  and  particularly  Tarentum, 
where,  as  in  Attica  and  a  few  other  places,  the  sheep  were  cov- 
ered with  coats,  in  order  to  keep  the  wool  pure  and  to  produce 
those  gauzy  woolen  fabrics  which  were  celebrated  in  Lucian's 
time ;  Lucian,  Rhet.  Praec.  15 ;  Hor.  Odes,  ii.  6,  10.  Culare,  from 
cuius,  'the  hinder  parts,'  is  at  the  base  of  the  Eng.  recoil,  Fr. 
reculer,  Ital.  rinculare ;  cf.  Gr.  Trvyt^eiv. —  obiter  .  .  .  fient : 
'  and  at  the  same  time  his  native  bees  will  be  a  little  improved 
by  crossing  with  the  Greek  ones.'  Obiter  =  simul  here,  as  in 
31,  11 ;  34,  15;  so  in  Sen.  De  ira,  iii.  1,  3 ;  Juv.  3,  241 ;  6,  481. 

—  ecce  .  .  .  scripsit :  'and  mark  you,  sir!  he  wrote';  the  inter j. 
is  livelier  than  ad  summam  above,  1.  2.  —  illi  .  .  .  boletorum 
mitteretur :  illi  =  sibi,  as  freq.  in  Sallust ;  cf.  Sen.  Epis.  48,  8; 
Juv.  13,  203.  In  fact,  ille,  as  well  as  ad  summam,  is  one  of  the 
peculiar  usages  of  Hermeros ;  cf.  56,  9,  oves  quod  lana  illae 
(=  Fr.  elles),  the  pronoun  being  entirely  unnecessary  in  pure 
Latin.  In  superseding  se,  ille  points  to  the  later  romance  devel- 
opment; Heraeus,  Vahlenfestschrift,  1901.  The  boletus  is  a  first- 
class  mushroom;  cf.  Juv.  5,  Wl,  fungi  ponentur  amicis,  |  boletus 
domino.  —  nam  mulam  .  .  .  nata  sit:  '(and  all  he  has  is  of 
the  best)  for ' ;  a  similar  omission  of  the  fact  for  which  the 
7iom-clause  adduces  a  proof  occurs  in  48,  22 ;  52,  6 ;  53,  29 ; 
56,  6 ;  63,  4 ;  cf.  Juv.  10,  204,  and  Mayor's  and  Friedlander's 
notes  on  the  line ;    see  Index,  under  nam.  —  ex  onagro  :   this 


78 


NOTES.     CHAP.   38,  LINES  10-18. 


shows  the  excellence  of  his  breed ;  for  the  ordinary  breeding, 
cf.  Lat.  Anth.  (Meyer),  1,  387 : 

Burdonem  sonipes  generat  commixtus  asellae. 
Mulus  ah  Arcadicis  et  equina  matre  creatus. 

—  culcitras  :  hence  Sp.  colcedra,  Ital.  coltriche,  featherbed ;  it  is 
the  popular  form  of  culcita.  In  many  Mss.  of  Cic.  Tusc.  (iii.  46) 
and  Suet.  Tiber.  (54)  the  spelling  with  r  occurs  as  a  variant. — 
conchyliatum  :  not  so  deep  a  purple  or  violet  as  the  Tyrian 
dye,  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  508.  —  valde  sucossi  sunt:  with  refer- 
ence to  their  wealth.  Valde  is  a  favorite  with  Petr.  as  with 
Cicero,  who  first  brought  it  into  use  in  the  sense  in  which  it 
occurs  here ;  see  Index,  suh  voc.  On  the  form  sucossi,  cf.  digni- 
tosso,  57,  36.  So  C.I.L.  IV.  1830;  cf.  Olcott,  Word  Formation, 
p.  208,  Schonwerth-Weyman,  Archiv,  V.  12.  —  imus  in  imo  :  this 
is  Pompeius  Diogenes,  1.  20 ;  his  place  is  uncertain ;  it  is  not 
the  libertini  locus,  since  this  is  occupied  by  Proculus,  1.  22 ;  cf. 
Marq.  Privatl.  p.  304.  —  octingenta :  sc.  millia  sestertium,  about 
$34,000,  double  the  property  qualification  of  equites.  —  quo- 
modo  dicunt :  '  comme  on  dit.'  —  Incuboni :  the  story  of  the 
dwarf  who  guards  the  treasure,  but  can  be  made  to  reveal  its 
hiding-place  when  his  cap  is  stolen  from  him,  is  ancient  as 
well  as  modern.  Siegfried  recovers  the  Rhine  treasure  by  get- 
ting possession  of  the  cap  of  Alberich.  Incubo  is  not  only  an 
imp  creating  terror,  like  Pan  and  the  satyrs,  but  a  treasure 
god,  as  here.  He  shares  this  latter  honor  with  Hercules ;  cf. 
Hor.  Sat.  ii.  6,  15,  with  Wickham's  note ;  Pers.  2,  10,  o  si  |  sub 
rastro  crepet  argenti  mihi  seria  dextro  Hercule ;  Ramsay's  note 
on  Plant.  Mostell.  p.  168.     Cf.  Roscher,  Myth.  Lex.  II.  128.  — 


est  sub  alapa  .  .  .  male  :  '  aber  er  will  hoch  hinaus,  und  gonnt 
sich  das  beste '  (Friedl.) ;  i.e., '  he  is  a  high-flyer  and  looks  out  for 
number  one.'  R.  Ellis:  'the  man,  however,  is  a  lick-spittle;' 
Nettleship :  'he  may  still  be  slapped.'  This  last  explanation 
rests  on  schol.  ad  Pers.  5,  75 :  as  often  as  they  manumitted  a 


NOTES.     CHAP.  38,  LINES  22-26.  79 

slave,  they  gave  him  an  alapa  (the  manumission  stroke)  and 
led  him  about,  thus  confirming  his  freedom.  Biicheler  :  'er  ist 
aber  noch  kein  fertiger  reicher,  vielmehr  in  der  Mauser  be- 
griffen ; '  i.e..  *  he  is  no  rich  man,  but  rather  getting  there ; '  the 
alapa  being  the  longed-for  all-in-all  ceremonial  which  shall 
make  of  him  a  new  man  ;  he  is  adhuc  sub  iudice.  Friedl.  would 
emend  to  sufflatus,  'puffed  up.'  Cf.  C.G.L.  VI.  47,  where  alapus 
=  qui  propter  mercedem  alapas  patitur,  '  a  boot-lick.'  Heraeus, 
Sprache  des  Petron.,  suggests  subalapo  or  suhalapator,  'braggart,' 
on  the  analogy  of  alapari,  a  low  Latin  verb,  =  gloriari,  Ronsch, 
Rhein.  Mus.  1879,  p.  632.  In  C.G.L.  III.  372,  56,  alapator  is  ex- 
plained as  KavyrjTrj<i.  A  suhalapator  wowXd  thus  be  'something 
of  a  braggart.'  Non  vult  sibi  male  is  freq.  in  the  comic  poets ; 
cf.  Plant.  Pers.  820.  In  C.G.L.  an  improhus  =z  inconsideratus 
vel  qui  soli  sibi  vult  bene.  —  libertini  loco  :  plainly  a  definite 
place  at  the  table,  though  its  location  is  uncertain  ;  possibly  it 
is  in  imo  secundus :  this  would  bring  Proculus,  1.  35,  next  to 
Diogenes,  with  Trimalchio  above  him.  A  libertus  was  occasion- 
ally invited  to  dinner  by  his  ingenuus  friend ;  this  might 
account  for  the  origin  of  the  phrase  libertini  locus.  There  was 
also  a  locus  consularis ;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  304.  —  impropero  : 
freq.  in  the  Vulgate,  the  older  versions  of  the  Bible,  and  in 
patristic  Latin,  as  well  as  in  glosses ;  cf  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  5 
and  the  references.  It  survives  in  Fr.  improperer  and  Ital.  im- 
proverare.  —  sestertium  .  .  .  decies  :  •  he  saw  his  100,000 
ten  times  over.'  This  gave  him  a  senatorial  qualification  ;  in 
the  early  empire  senators  had  come  to  possess  enormous  wealth 
and  to  say  that  a  man  had  a  patrimonium  laticlavium  (76,  4) 
was  to  characterize  him  as  a  Croesus.  •'  Richer  than  the  sena- 
tor Crispus,"  says  Martial,  iv.  54,  7 ;  yet  Crispus  was  worth  two 
hundred  million  sesterces.  —  male  vacillavit:  'he  went  wrong.' 
Trim,  who  had  done  better,  ascribes  his  wealth  to  his  lucky 
star,  the  firm-footed  Crab,  39,  21.  —  liberti  .  .  .  ad  se  fece- 
runt :  so  in  43,  17,  the  brother  of  Chrysanthus  had  been 
fleeced  by  slaves ;  cf.  Sen.  De  benef  2,  27,  1,  Lentulus,  divitiarum 
maximum  exemplum,  antequam  ilium  libertini  pauperem  facerent. 


\ 


80  NOTES.     CHAP.  38,  LINES  26-35. 

—  scito  autem :  *yoii  know!  it's  the  old  story;  your  friend's 
pot  boils  poorly,  and  when  things  take  a  bad  turn,  away  flee 
your  friends.'  Judging  from  the  different  words  for  friends,  it 
is  probable  that  two  proverbs  are  run  together  here :  (a)  the 
pot  of  a  crowd  doesn't  boil  well ;  i.e.,  too  many  cooks  spoil  the 
broth :  (b)  a  friend  in  need  is  a  friend  indeed.  Cf.  Bed.  Philol. 
Wochensch.  1892,  p.  755.  The  Greeks  had  a  proverb :  ^et  x^'''P"-^ 
i^u  (faXta,  '  all  goes  well  when  the  pot  boils,'  Zenob.  4,  12 ;  but 
it  does  not  seem  to  fit  the  sentiment  here,  though  cited  by 
Friedl.  and  Otto.  On  amici  de  medio  cf.  Plant.  Stick.  521  f.,  si  res 
Jirma  est,  itidem  Jirmi  amici  sunt:  si  res  labat,  |  itidem  amici  conla- 
hescunt;  and  Hor.  Od.  i.  35,  21  ff.     So  Petron.  c.  80, 

cum/ortuna  manet,  rultum  servatis,  amici : 
cum  cecidit,  turpi  vertitis  orafuga. 

Cf.  Soph.  frag.  667,  dv8p6s  KaKws  Trpdaarovros  eK7ro8a>v   <^tA.oi. 

—  quod  ilium  sic  vides  :  '  what  a  fine  business  he  carried  on, 
that  you  see  him  so  well  off  to-day.'  Cf.  Gildersleeve-Lodge, 
§  534,  Rem.  As  in  modern  times,  there  was  money  in  the 
undertaker's  business,  though,  like  ancient  auctioneering  and 
public  acting,  the  business  was  unsuited  to  the  holding  of  pub- 
lic office.  The  sevirate  was,  however,  open  to  lihertini  who 
pursued  any  of  these  callings.  On  the  adject,  use  of  sic,  cf  tarn 
75,  17. —  effundebatur  quam  .  .  .  cella  habet :  cf  37,  16; 
74,  2 ;  and  the  picture  of  Bacchis  causing  waste  of  wine,  in 
Ter.  Heaut.  1.  457.  —  phantasia,  non  homo  :  '  no  ordinary  man 
he;  he  was  a  perfect  dream.'  Cf.  In  trod.  p.  xxxviii,  B;  Index 
under  Comparisons ;  so  c.  134,  lorum  in  aqua,  non  inguina.  For 
other  examples,  cf  H.  S.  Jones,  Class.  Rev.  vii.  224.  —  C.  lulius 
Proculus :  this  man  being  a  collihertus  (1.  12)  of  Trim,  should 
have  the  same  nomen  (Pompeius) ;  (/.  Diogenes,  another  colli- 
hertus, 1.  20.  Friedl.  suggests  that  in  being  manumitted  he  had 
been  presented  to  a  Julian ;  so  Cicero's  slave,  Dionysius,  was 
presented  to  Atticus  and  assumed  not  Cicero's  gentile  name, 
Tullius,  but  Atticus's,  Pomponius  ;  ^Nlarq.  PrivatL  p.  22. 


NOTES.      CHAP.  39,  LINES   1-8.  81 

39.  ferculum :  mentioned  in  35,  1 ;  the  repositorium,  or 
cover,  with  its  zodiacal  signs,  is  still  on  the  table,  or  at  least 
within  sight.  It  had  been  removed  from  the  lower  portion 
of  the  ferculum  at  the  beginning  of  c.  36,  revealing  the  viands 
with  which  the  cena  began.  —  sermonibus  publicatis  :  in 
distinction  from  the  fahulae,  '  private  talk,'  '  stories,'  of  the  two 
preceding  chapters.  Hilarity  and  chatting  are  the  life  of  the 
cena;  so  in  c.  Ill  the  fabula  of  the  Lady  of  Ej^hesus  is  told 
ne  s'deret  sine  fabuUs  hilaritas.  —  reclinatus  in  cubitum  :  as 
though  some  duties  had  just  compelled  him  as  host  to  sit  up; 
cf.  c.  132,  erectus  in  cubitum,  and  65,  14.  —  suave  faciatis  : 
sc.  fabulis  vestris ;  the  invitation  is  repeated  in  48,  2,  though 
the  offer  is  made  to  change  the  wine  if  it  cannot  be  so  sweet- 
ened.     Cf.    Mart.   V.    78,    16,    vinum    tu  fades   bonum   bibendo. 

—  rogo,  me  putatis  :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xli,  F;  Index,  under  Para- 
taxis: Gildersleeve-Lodge,  467,  note  ;  Studemund,  Studien,  1, 141. 

—  theca  repositorii ;  the  same  as  the  superiorem  partem  repos., 
36,  2.  —  sic  notus  Ulixes  :  'am  I  no  cleverer?'  Verg.  A  en. 
ii.  44;  in  68,  13,  a  passage  from  the  Aeneid  is  recited  by  the 
pedisequus  of  Habinnas.  To  his  countrymen,  Yergil  came  to 
be,  under  the  empire,  a  Schiller  or  a  Shakspere,  through  the 
nobleness,  as  well  as  the  human  element,  of  his  poetry.  It  was 
even  considered  that  he  was  prophetic,  and  that  the  Aeneid  was 
an  inspired  book  to  be  appealed  to.  Men  were  fond  of  quoting 
his  verses  and  using  them  as  mottoes.  Martial,  xii.  67,  5,  speaks 
of  the  high  regard  in  which  his  birthday  was  held.  Cf.  Tunison, 
Master  Vergil,  39.  —  quid  ergo  est:  cf  30,  30.  —  philologiam  = 
litterarum  studium:  Sen.  Epist.  108,  23,  ob'serves,  quae  philosophia 
fuit,  facta  philologia  est ;  in  Apocoloc.  5,  4,  Claudius  gaudet  esse 
illic  [_in  caelo]  philologos  homines.  —  patrono  meo  ossa  .  .  . 
quiescant :  'thanks  to  my  patronus  —  and  may  his  ashes  rest 
in  peace  —  there  is  nothing  new  under  the  sun  for  me';  the 
prayer,  in  the  abbreviated  form  o.  t.  b.  q.,  is  common  in  tomb- 
stone inscriptions  from  Africa;  cf.  C.I.L.YHl.  2,  p.  1104,  and 
Wilmanns,  Exempla  Ins.  Lat.,  Indie,  p.  693,  ossa.  —  hominem 


82 


NOTES.     CHAP.  39,  LINES  9-29. 


inter  homines  :  cf.  57,  17 ;  74,  33.  An  expression  common 
among  slaves  and  freedmen.  Cf.,  however,  Tac.  Hist,  iv.  64, 
liheri  inter  liheros  eritis ;  Herond.  Mini.  5,  15,  r]  ere  Oda-a  iv 
dv6po)7roL<s.  —  fericulus  :  the  illiterate  form  for  ferculum;  cf, 
68,  6 ;  this,  with  caelus  for  caelum,  vinus  for  vinum,  fatus  for 
fatum,  is  among  the  earliest  examples  of  the  change  of  neut. 
to  masc,  the  complete  result  of  which  is  seen  in  the  total 
disappearance  of  neuters  in  romance  languages ;  cf,  Suchier, 
Archiv  III.  163. —  multum  lanae  :  '■heaucoxip  de  laine.' — expu- 
doratam :  'shameless.'  In  CG.L.  IV.  339,  42,  this  word  is 
glossed  inpudicus ;  in  III.  112,  23,  dvatSeWare  =  expuderate. 
It  is  the  parent  of  the  Ital.  spudorato,  —  cornum  acutum  :  'a 
sharp  frontal  bump.'  On  the  form  cornum  =  cornu,  cf,  Neue, 
Formenl.  I.  529.  —  et  arietilli  :  '  and  thankless  creatures  ' ;  a 
dim.  of  aries  =  arietulus.  So  K/oios  is  a  synonym  for  a  thankless 
creature ;  cf  Lid.  and  Scott,  sub  v,  —  calcitrosi :  adj.  in  -osus 
are  frequent  in  Petr. ;  cf,  C.G,L.  II.  358,  17,  XaKTLcrTrj<: :  calci- 
trosus.  —  bigae  et  boves:  'spans  of  horses,  yokes  of  oxen, 
shifty  people,  who  blow  hot  and  cold.'  On  parites  linunt,  cf, 
Cic.  Ad  fam.  vii.  29,  2,  sine  eum  errare  et  putare  me  virum  honum 
esse  nee  scire  duo  parietes  de  eadem  fidelia  dealhare.  —  multis 
pedibus  sto  :  a  farmer's  phrase ;  cf.  Quint,  xii.  9,  18,  itaque, 
in  vis  actionibus  omni,  ut  agricolae  dicunt,  pede  standum  est. 
With  this,  contrast  Horace's  stans  pede  in  uno,  Sat,  i.  4,  10. 


—  hoc  et  illoo  =  hue  et  illuc;  Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  A,  3  ;  cf  26,  10; 
57,  40.  Trim,  means  that  crabs  are  at  home  on  land  and  sea; 
there  are  both  varieties.  —  nihil  super  ilium :  he  had  actually 
placed  a  crown  supra  cancrum;  cf.  35, 7,  and  note.  —  cataphagae : 
a  Greek  noun  of  agency,  like  SaKva?,  dyayas  (for  dywyas,  =  leno) ; 
equiv.  to  </)ayds,  and  freq.  in  comedy;  in  the  glossaries  (C.G.L, 
II.  36  and  32)  it  =  gulator,  ganeo.  —  aliquid  expediunt :  '  display 
their  wares.' — sagittario  strabones  :  because  an  archer  aims 
above,  and  not  directly  at,  the  object  he  expects  to  hit.  —  prae 
mala  sua  :  '  who  from  their  very  woes  beget  horns.'  Prae  with 
ace,  as  in  46,  5 ;  cf,  Introd.  p.  xxxviii,  E,  2.    So  in  inscriptions  150 


NOTES.     CHAP.  39,  LINE  30;    CHAP.  40,  LINE  8.        83 

years  later  than  Petr.,  exliteras  (C./.L.  VIII.  10570),  ex  numerum 
(C.I.L.  VIII.  9292).  The  tendency  grew,  in  the  senno  vulgaris,  to 
merge  the  abl.  and  the  ace.  into  one  case ;  Suchier,  Archiv,  III. 
16.5.  The  idea  in  cornua  nasci  may  be  explained  by  x^pacrcfyo- 
pos  =  '  cuckold/  ;^€paTa  ttolclv  tlvl  =  '  to  cuckold,'  ^^eparas  =  '  a 
cuckold.'  —  in  aquario  :  because  of  its  malign  influence;  the 
caupo  was  not  held  in  great  esteem ;  cf.  Mart.  i.  56  ;  iii.  57 ;  Hor. 
Sat.  i.  1,  29,  and  5, 4.  —  tanquam  mola :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxviii,  B ; 
Index,  tanquam. 


40.   sophos  =  the  more  classical  lene,  perhene,  optume ;   cf. 
Mart.  i.  3,  7, 

Audieris  cum  grande  sophos,  dum  hasia  iactas, 
ibis  ah  excusso  missus  in  astra  sago. 

Probably  croc^ois  and  evye,  denoting  approval,  made  their  way 
into  Rome  with  Greek  music  and  rhetoric,  as  bravo  has  to-day 
wherever  Italian  music  is  sung.  Cf.  Friedl.  Sitieng.  i.  384.  — 
Hipparchus,  Aratus  :  see  Christ,  GriecTi.  Literaturgeschichte, 
pp.  869  and  530. —  donee  :  '  until ' ;  always  with  indie,  in  Petr., 
except  in  62,  18.  It  is  the  parent  of  the  Fr.  done,  but  in  Petr. 
it  does  not  yet  have  the  sense  of  that  word  ;  cf.  Englander, 
Archiv,  VI.  467.  —  toralia  praeposuerunt  toris  :  the  triclinium 
is  thus  changed  into  a  hunting  scene.  The  toralia  were  stretched 
along  the  outside  of  the  tori.  —  et  ecce  :  '  and  lo  and  behold  ' ; 
this  occurs  four  times  in  Petr.,  thrice  in  the  talk  of  the  liber- 
tini ;  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxvii,  D,  1.  Its  earliest  appearance  is  in 
Yarro,  e.g.,  p.  13.5,  .5,  Riese's  ed. —  canes  Laconici :  both  Verg., 
Georg.  iii.  405,  and  Hor.,  Epod.  6,  5,  mention  Spartan  in  con- 
nection with  Molossian  dogs.  Soph.,  Ajax,  8,  speaks  of  their 
keen  scent,     Cf.  Shakspere,  Othello,  concluding  lines  : 


"  O  Spartan  dog, 
More  fell  than  anguish,  hunger,  or  the  sea." 


84  NOTES.     CHAP.  40,  LINES  9-26. 

So  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  iv.  1 : 

"  I  was  with  Hercules  and  Cadmus  once 
When  in  a  wild  of  Crete  they  bay'd  the  bear 
With  hounds  of  Sparta ;  never  did  I  hear 
Such  gallant  chiding." 

—  secutus  est  hos  repositorium :  this  is  the  second  course  of 
the  cena;  the  first  is  described  in  36,  4.  By  the  time  of  Petr. 
the  serving  of  whole  boars  was  common ;  it  was  introduced  as 
early  as  Sulla's  time  by  Servilius  PuUus ;  Plin .  N.H.  viii.  210. 
Cf.  Mart.  vii.  59 ;  Juv.  in  1,  140  exclaims, 

quanta  est  gula  quae  sibi  totos 
ponit  apros,  animal  propter  convivia  natum  ? 

Friedl.  Sitteng.  iii.  40,  8.  —  altera  caryotis  .  .  .  repleta :  '  the 
one  filled  with  walnut  dates,  the  other  with  Theban.'  The 
Romans  used  the  former  as  gifts  at  the  Saturnalia  and  on 
New  Year's  Day,  scattering  them  as  missilia ;  cf.  Marq.  Privatl. 
p.  428.  —  circa  autem  .  .  .  porcelli  .  .  .  scrofam  .  .  .  significa- 
bant :  the  animal  was  a  boar,  served,  however,  to  resemble  a 
sow.  On  the  decorations  placed  about  it,  and  the  cap  on  its 
head,  cf.  66,  4,  where  the  porcus  has  a  crown  and  is  surrounded 
with  saviunculum  et  gizeria.  The  hard-baked  coptoplacenta,  of 
which  the  porcelli  were  made,  are  the  hard  copta  of  Mart.  xiv.  68 : 

Peccantis  famuli  pugno  ne  percute  dentes : 
clara  Rhodos  coptam  quam  tibi  misit  edat. 

They  probably  resembled  the  KOTTTOTrXaKoi}?  of  Athenaeus,  647  f. 
The  word  reappears  in  Anth.  Lat.  (Riese)  199,  47.  —  apopho- 
reti:  guests  took  away  these  gifts  in  the  mappae  which  they 
brought  with  them ;  Marq.  Privatl.  p.  313.  —  Martial's  fourteenth 
book  is  made  up  of  verses  meant  to  accompany  the  gifts ;  so 
to-day  "sugar-kisses"  are  sold  with  erotic  distichs  wrapped  with 
them.  —  altilia  laceraverat :  36,  12.  —  memento  :  '  at  once ' ; 
cf  28,  2,  momento  temporis ;  Petr.,  however,  prefers  statim. — 
ad  numerum  divisere  :  '  divided  equally.' 


NOTES.     CHAP.  41,  LINES  4-28.  85 

41.  bacalusias  :  'after  I  had  exhausted  every  likely  solution.' 
Possibly  from  ^a.K-qXo'i,  which  Suet.  {Aug.  §  87)  says  Augustus 
constantly  used  for  stultus.  The  second  element  (-hisiai^)  wa« 
then  popularly  associated  with  ludere :  hence  lit.  '  nonsense- 
juggle.' —  duravi  =  non  erubui,  36,  15;  so  Lucan.  Phars.  iv. 
519,  ut  vivere  durent.  —  plane:  'assuredly,'  a  strong  affirmation, 
as  in  comedy;  cf.  67,  28,  and  Plant.  True.  618. —  summa  cena : 
'  the  last  course  of  yesterday's  dinner  allowed  him  to  go  un- 
touched ' ;  so  in  66,  19,  in  summo  .  .  .  caseum.  In  Mart.  x.  37, 
9,  however,  summa  mensa  is  probably  the  principal  course  of  the 
cena.  —  dimissus  est:  ef.  66,  24.  —  damnavi  ego:  the  pron. 
seems  redundant  and  almost  enclitic;  so  narra  tu,  48,  8;  seis 
tu,  74,  39 ;  vide  tu,  78,  3.  It  was  desirable  to  be  a  good  diner- 
out;  cf.  34,  24. —  puer  speciosus  :  cf.  74,  20;  the  pantomimic 
burlesque,  hitting  off  the  various  attributes  of  Dionysus,  by  gest- 
ure, costume  and  words,  has  something  very  modern  in  it.  Cf 
Friedl.  Sitteng.  ii.  458.  —  modo  .  .  .  interdum  :  cf.  39, 13  and  17, 
and  Wolfflin,  Archiv,  II.  253.  —  liberum  patrem  :  '  that  I  am  the 
child  of  Free-Father.'  Trim,  is  a  great  punster  and  poetaster. 
Under  Nero,  however,  it  was  extremely  perilous  to  establish  a 
reputation  as  a  true  poet.  Cf.  Tac.  Ann.  xvi.  28  and  xiv.  52; 
also  Friedl.  Sitteng.  iii.  412.  —  pataracina  :  the  interpretation  is 
diflBcult ;  the  word  seems  to  refer  to  the  size  of  the  cups,  not  to 
the  strength  of  the  wine,  like  anancaea,  Allifana,  hatiacae ;  cf 
Mart.  xiv.  93  ff.,  and  Cic.  In  Verrem,  ii.  1,  26,  66,  poscunt  maio- 
rihus  poculis.  —  versas :  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  C,  4.  —  mundum  fri- 
gus  :  agrees  with  30, 11,  as  to  the  time  of  year  when  the  dinner 
was  given.  —  balneus  :  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  C,  1.  —  staminatas  :  'I 
have  had  several  stiff  drinks.'  The  word  is  suggested  by  vestia- 
rius,  just  used;  his  drinks  had  stamen,  no  subtemen,  they  were  wine 
with  no  addition  of  water.  In  the  Corp.  Gloss.  Lat.,  staminarius 
is  glossed  vqa-rrj^.  6  tov  aT-rjfJLtDva.  On  the  ending  -atus,  cf  Index. 
—  matus  :  'foolish';  Ital.  matto ;  cf.  C.G.L.  V.  568,  58,  where 
fatuus  is  glossed  stultus  .  .  .  mattus.  —  vinus :  Introd.  p.  xxxv, 
C,  1.  Possibly  the  masc.  is  used  because  the  speaker  is  of  Greek 
extraction  and  in  his  language  the  word  for  'wine'  is  masc. 


86  NOTES.     CHAP.  42,  LINES  2-19. 

42.  balniscus  :  In  trod.  p.  xxxv,  C,  1.  The  weakening  effect 
of  too  much  bathing  was  noticed  by  the  early  Father,  Clemens 
of  Alexandria,  who  says  (Paedagog.  3,  3),  that  it  may  lead  to 
serious  physical  breakdown,  and  adds,  "  the  ancients  called  the 
bath  a  place  for  bleaching  men,  since  it  wore  out  the  body,  just 
as  heat  also  may  take  the  temper  out  of  iron." —  cor  nostrum  : 
*the  courage'  to  stand  the  shock  of  the  cold  water.  —  laecasin : 
Aeixa^eiv,  fellare ;  cf.  Mart.  xi.  58,  12.  On  the  form,  cf.  Introd. 
p.  xxxiii,  C,  2.  —  fui  in  funus  :  Introd.  p.  xxxviii,  E,  3  ;  so  in  cu- 
riam fuerunt,  Wilmanns,  2083, 18 ;  ex  Utteras,  C.I.L.  VIII.  10570 ; 
cf.  Sen.  Epist.  108,  4.  —  animam  ebulliit :  so  62, 19  ;  Pers.  2,  10, 
o  si  ebulliat  patruus ;  Sen.  Apocoloc.  4,  2,  animam  ebulliit.  —  utres 
inflati :  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5,  98,  crescentem  tumidis  infla  sermonibus 
utrem.  —  bullae:  Homer  likens  man  to  autumn  leaves,  II.  vi. 
146  ;  cf  Find.  Pyth.  8,  95,  o-Kia?  ovap  av^pwTro? ;  and  Luc.  Charon, 
19.  So  Varro,  R.R.  1,  1,  1,  homo  bulla.  —  abstinax:  Introd. 
p.  xxxiv,  C,  2 ;  found  only  here,  =  abstemius.  —  abiit  ad  plures  : 
*  he's  joined  the  majority ' ;  cf.  the  German  er  ist  zur  grossen 
armee  abgegangen ;  so  Plant.  Tri?i.  291,  quin  prius  me  ad  plures 
penetravi.  In  Aristoph.  Eccles.  1073,  ypav<i  dvea-TrjKvia  Trapa 
Tw  TrAeidvwv  =  '  a  woman  risen  from  the  dead.'  Cf.  C.I.L.  VI. 
142,  =  Orelli,  6042,  jylures  me  antecesserunt,  omnes  expecto.  —  ma- 
lus  fatus :  probably  the  neut.  personified,  hence  not  like  caelus 
for  caelum.  Fatus  is  the  spirit  which  attends  one  through 
life  till  death  takes  his  place.  Roscher,  Myth.  Lex.  1,  1452 ; 
cf.  C.I.L.  VI.  4379,  noli  dolere,  arnica,  eventum  meum,  properavit 
aetas:  hoc  dedit  Fatus  mihi ;  so  6932,  10127.  —  vital!  lecto :  cf 
77,  20,  and  Sen.  Epist.  99,  22.  The  collegia  funeralicia  called 
themselves  salutaria  by  a  similar  euphemism.  —  accepisset : 
'what  kind  of  a  funeral  would  he  have  had,  if  he  had  not 
treated  her  so  very  well  ? '  —  mulier  quae  mulier  :  '  all  women, 
one  as  well  as  another.'  Ribbeck,  inserting  omnes,  makes  a 
senarius  :  mulier  quae  mulier  omnes  milvinum  genus.  —  neminem 
nihil :  Introd.  p.  xxxvii,  C ;  cf.  the  double  negative  in  58, 15  and 
76,  4.  —  aeque  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvii,  C.  —  in  puteum  conicias  : 
so  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  242,  in  rapidum  fluvium  iaceretve  cloacam;  Sen. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  42,  LINE  20;    CHAP.  43,  LINE   15.        87 

Epist.  87,  16,  denarius  in  cloacam ;  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  166,  and 
Plaut.  Cure.  121.  —  amor  cancer :  either  because,  like  the  dis- 
ease, it  gets  into  the  very  blood  {cf.  Lucret.  iv.  1064,  ulcus  enim 
vivescit  et  inveterascit  alendo),  or  because  its  grip  is  as  firm  as  a 
lobster's.     Ellis,  Class.  Rec.  1892,  p.  116,  explains  differently. 

43.  vivorum  memiuerimus :  used  in  75,  16,  in  a  broader 
sense ;  that  the  phrase  is  proverbial  is  shown  from  Cic.  De 
Jin.  V.  1,  3,  veteris  proverbii  admonitu  vivorum  memini.  —  crevit 
quicquid  crevit :  '  he  grew  for  all  he  was  worth ' ;  the  phrase 
is  of  the  same  pattern  as  mulier  quae  mulier,  42,  17.  —  solida 
centum  (millia)  :  '  a  cool  100,000 ' ;  the  Ital.  soldo  and  Fr. 
sou  are  derivatives  from  solida;  note  how  the  original  force  has 
weakened.  Cf.  Mart.  iv.  37,  4,  ex  insulis  fundisque  tricies  soldum : 
so  plenum  vicies  in  i.  99.  — linguam  caninam  comedi :  i.e..,  he 
has  the  cynic's  (kvo>v,  '  dog')  love  of  truth  at  any  cost.  In  69, 10, 
is  the  recipe  for  quieting  such  an  irrepressible  tongue. 

—  durae  buccae  :  'of  unlimited  cheek,'  'bombastic' — lin- 
guosus,  'a  chatterbox.' —  discordia  :  '  the  very  embodiment  of 
contention  ' ;  cf  38,  32.  —  amicus  amico  :  a  popular  phrase  ; 
cf.  Plaut.  Miles  Gl.  658,  and  the  distich,  C.I.L.  VI.  6275,  hie  est 
ille  situs,  qui  qualis  amicus  amico  |  quaque  fde  fuerit,  mors  fuit 
indicio.  —  malam  parram  pilavit :  'he  had  hard  luck  ' ;  cf.  Hor. 
Od.  iii.  27,  1,  impios  parrae  recinentis  omen  \  ducat.  —  mentem 
sustulit :  cf.  the  picture  of  Trim.,  in  29,  12,  showing  Mercury 
in  the  act  of  lifting  him  to  the  high  tribunal  by  his  chin.  — ille 
stips  :  the  ille  of  1.  2 ;  lines  9-14  describe  his  brother.  The  con- 
versation still  turns  on  the  dead  Chrysanthus,  notwithstanding 
the  protest  in  line  1,  and  the  cheerful  but  short  digression.  Stips  = 
'  blockhead ';  so  truncus,  codex,  stipes  plumheus ;  cf  Cic.  In  Pison. 
9,  19;  Ter.  Heaut.  877.  It  stands  for  stipes:  so  seps  for  saepes, 
nubs  for  nubes,  orbs  for  orbis,  all  of  which  are  found  in  old  glos- 
saries. —  terrae  filio  :  '  groundling,'  a  designation  of  unknown 
or  disagreeable  people,  cf.  Cic.  Ad  Att.  i.  13,  4,  huic  terrae 
filio  nescio  cui  committere  epistulam  .  .  .  non  audeo ;    so  Pers. 


88        NOTES.     CHAP.  43,  LINE  16;    CHAP.  44,  LINE  3. 

vi.  57,  progenies  terrae.  —  ionge  .  .  .  fugit :  the  title  of  one 
of  Varro's  Menippean  Satires ;  cf.  Biicii.  Petronius,  ed.  1882, 
p.  188.  —  oricularios  =  auricularios,  Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  cf.  Fr. 
oreille,  and  Catullus's  oricilla,  25.  2.  The  sense,  '  confiden- 
tial secretary,'  recurs  in  the  Vulgate,  2  Samuel,  xxiii.  23.  — 
quod  (habuit)  frunitus  est:  'he  enjoyed  what  he  had';  fru- 
niscor  is  a  lengthened  form  of  fruor ;  cf.  44,  34.  Before  cui 
datum  est,  something  like  ille  felicissimus  est  is  to  be  supplied. 

—  fortunae  filius:  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  6,  49,  luserat  in  campo  : 
^  Fortunae  filius  ! '  omnes.  In  Juv.  6,  605-609  is  a  charming 
picture  of  Fortuna  with  little  ones  about  her,  to  whom  she 
is  distributing  her  gifts.  —  quadrata  currunt :  '  run  on  all 
fours,'  cf.  39,  23.  —  annos  secum  tulisse  :  frequent  on  tomb- 
stones, as  C.I.L.  X.  2311,  scire  laboras,  annos  quot  tulerim  mecum; 
cf.  1069,  3,  and  Lucan.  Phars.  xi.  10,  saecula  iussa  ferentem ;  Ov. 
Metam.  xi.  497,  gerere  annos.  —  olim  oliorum  :  'one  of  those  men 
of  long  ago,'  an  intensive  phrase,  like  nummorum  nummos,  37, 15 ; 
the  reading  is,  however,  extremely  uncertain  ;  cf.  Ellis,  Class. 
Rev.  vi.  117.  It  may  be  that  oliorum  stands  to  olim  as  illorum 
does  to  illim,  the  sense  and  spelling  of  oliorum  (for  oliorum, 
ollus  being  an  old  form  of  ille)  being  influenced  by  olim;  hence 
lit.  'I  knew  him  long  ago,  one  of  those  (old  timers),'  cf.  ArcMv, 
II.  317.  —  canem  reliquisse  :  in  74,  25,  Trim.'s  wife  calls  him 
canis,  qui  non  contineret  lihidinem  suam.  —  puUarius  =  paedicator 

—  omnis  minervae :  cf.  68,  22 ;  so  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  2,  3,  crassa 
Minerva  ;  Epist.  ii.  3,  385,  invita  Minerva ;  Cic.  Lael.  5,  19,  pingui, 
ut  aiunt,  Minerva ;  Verg.  Aen.  viii.  409,  tenuique  Minerva;  cf 
Plin.  Epist.  xxi.  25.  —  hoc  secum  tulit :  so  in  C.I.L.  VI.  142, 
cum  vives  benefac  {tihi  namque)  hoc  tecum  feres ;  cf.  69,  6.  No 
one  can  rob  the  departed  of  the  memory  of  their   pleasures. 


44.  ad  caelum  nee  ad  terrain  pertinet :  a  Greek  prov. ; 
cf.  Lucian.  Alexan.,  ovre  yrj<s  (f>a(nv  ovre  ovpavov  a7rTOfX€vov<i. — 
quid  .  .  .  mordet ;  the  indie,  in  ind.  quest,  in  post-class.  Lat. 
is  rare.     This  instance  is  not  noted  in  Drager,  Hist.  Syntax,  II. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  44,  LINES  5-22.  89 

§  464.  Cf.  76,  29  ;  71,  40.  In  33,  17,  si  =  '  if,'  not  '  whether.' 
Cf.  Ter.  Eun.  529,  dicat  quid  vult.  On  the  sense  of  mordet,  cf. 
aqua  denies  habet,  42,  2.  —  aediles  male  eveniat  : '  confound  the 
aediles';  the  ace.  for  dat.  With  this  cf.  Wilmanns,  Exemp. 
Inscrip.  252,  di  vos  bene  faciant;  cf.  also  the  preceding  inscription. 

—  serva  me  :  cf.  45,  43  ;  ama  me  amabo  te  is  found  inscribed  on 
ancient  Roman  rings. — populus  minutus  :  Ital.  minutaglia ; 
cf.  Phaedr.  iv.  6,  13,  minuta  plebes.  —  isti  .  .  .  maxillae  :  synesis, 
as  in  1.  10  below.  —  simila  si  siligine  :  '■  if  the  flour  were  infe- 
rior to  (=  not  made  of)  the  finest  wheat.'     Cf  Crit.  Appendix. 

—  percolopabant :  'used  to  give  them  such  a  trouncing  that 
Jupiter  himself  seemed  utterly  to  have  forsaken  them.'  On 
the  form,  cf  Introd.  p.  xxxiii.  On  iratus  cf.  58,  21;  62,  35. — 
piper  non  homo :  in  southern  Italy  it  is  said  of  a  man  who  is 
remarkable  for  quickness  of  thought  and  action  that  e  tuito  di 
pepe.  —  amicus  amico  :  c/.  43,  10. — in  tenebris  micare  :  to 
count  fingers  in  the  dark  with  a  companion  was  the  proverbial 
indication  of  confidence ;  cf  Cic.  De  off.  iii.  19,  77,  and  De 
fin.  ii.  16,  52.  In  the  game,  called  mora,  here  alluded  to,  each 
player  quickly  placed  before  his  opponent's  face  at  the  same 
moment  a  certain  number  of  his  fingers  which  the  other  was  to 
guess.  —  pilabat :  'how  he  singed  (lit.  plucked)  them  one  by 
one,'  i.e..  'how  he  made  things  hum.'  Vel  tractabat  is  a  gloss 
explaining /)?7a&af  and  is  out  of  place  in  the  text.  Cf.  43,  11. — 
schemas  :  Introd.  p.  xxxv ;  so  even  Sueton.  Tiber.  43,  exemplar 
imperatae  scJiemae.  This  metaplastic  form  is  commoner  in  the 
early  comedy ;  so  in  Plant.  Miles,  148,  glaucoma  is  of  the  1st  decl. 

—  Asiadis  :  the  Asiatic  style  of  oratory  was  florid  and  abounded 
in  figures  and  rhetorical  display ;  its  chief  representative  at 
Rome  was  Hortensius ;  cf  Cic.  Brutus,  95.  —  nomina  omnium 
reddere  :  like  the  modern  voter,  the  populus  minutus  of  classi- 
cal Rome  was  pleased  to  have  the  great  public  men  call  them 
familiarly  by  name;  cf  Friedl.  Sitteng.  i.  385.  —  pro  luto  erat : 
'was  dirt-cheap':  cf  51,  11  and  67,  30.  In  True.  556  Plant, 
has  bona  sua  pro  stercore  habet ;  cf.  Poen.,.15S  non  lutumst  lutu- 


90  NOTES.     CHAP.  44,  LINES  23-36. 

leniius.  —  oculum  bublum  :  Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  B,  -3.  Charred 
remains  of  baker's  bread  have  been  found  in  Pompeii ;  the 
form  was  usually  round.  Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  pp.  96  and 
378.  Baumeister,  Denk.  Class.  Alterth.  p.  24.5.  —  retroversus 
crescit :  this  applies  to  Cumae  as  one  of  the  numerous  feeble 
military  colonies  of  Rome ;  cf.  Juv.  3,  lines  3  and  322.  —  coda 
vituli :    so  Merchant  of  Venice,  ii.  2  : 

Gobbo  :  What  a  beard  hast  thou  got !  thou  hast  got  more  hair 
on  thy  chin  than  Dobbin  my  fill-horse  has  on  his  tail. 

Launcelot :  It  should  seem  then  that  Dobbin's  tail  grows  back- 
ward :  I  am  sure  he  had  more  hair  on  his  tail  than  I  have  on  my 
face  when  I  last  saw  him. 

Nos  habemus  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  B.  —  domi  gaudet :    =  in 

sinii  gaudet,  'he  laughs  in  his  sleeve.'  —  alter  patrimonium 
habet:  alter  =  alius ;  the  Fr.  autre  comes  from  this  supplanter 
of  alius.  —  denarios  aureos  :  cf.  33,  8.  —  coleos  haberemus  : 
cf.  Ov.  Her.  16,  291,  si  sint  vires  in  semine  avorum;  Pers. 
1,  103,  si  testiculi  vena  ulla  paterni  \  viveret  in  nobis.  —  popu- 
lus  .  .  .  leones  :  a  Greek  prov.  ;  cf.  Aristoph.  Peace,  1189, 
6vr€<i  OLKOL  fxkv  Ae'oi/re?,  ev  fJf-o-XU  ^'  aA.(07r€/<es.  Populus  means 
*  the  citizens,'  as  a  corporate  body;  it  is  common  in  this 
sense  in  municipal  ordinances,  cf.  Wilmanns,  Exemp.  Inscrip. 
Indices,  pp.  612,  701. — f oras  :  Introd.  p.  xxxviii,  5.  —  fruni- 
scar :  '  so  help  me  Heaven  to  enjoy  myself  and  mine.'  On  the 
case  of  meos  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  A ;  Drager,  I.  p.  569  ;  so 
Plant.  Rud.  1012,  malum  fruniscei  nil  potes.  This  form  of 
the  verb  is  frequent  in  inscrip.,  cf.  C.I.L.  IV.  2953 ;  V.  7453 ; 
VIII.  9519  and  19606  —  diibus  :  =  diis,  a  frequent  form  in  in- 
scrip. ;  cf.  C.I.L.  II.  325.  —  ieiunium  :  cf.  Aquaelicium  in  Smith's 
Diet.  Antiq.^  p.  156;  Harpers',  p.  106.  There  still  survives  an 
old  Athenian  prayer  for  rain  : 

V(TOv  vaov  &  (piXe  ZeO 
Kara  rijs  dpovpas 
TTJs  ' Adrivaiojv 
Kal  tCjv  Trediojv. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  44,  LINE  37;    CHAP.  45,  LINE  2.        91 

Norden,  Kunst-Prosa,  I.  46,  See  also  Morgan,  Rain-Gods  and 
Rain- Charms ;  Transactions  Am.  Philol.  Association,  xxxii.  pp. 
100  ff.  —  opertis  oculis  :  '  with  eyes  shut  to  every  other  inter- 
est,' cf.  Juv.  6,  433.  —  stolatas  :  an  honorable  description  of  the 
matrons;  so  femina stolata,  C.I.L.  III.  5225.  Livia  was,  however, 
dubbed  a  Ulysses  stolatus  (a  Ulysses  in  petticoats)  on  account  of 
her  cunning;  Suet.  Calig.  23.  —  in  clivum  :  to  the  temple  of 
Jupiter ;  municipalities  were  patterned  after  Rome  in  many 
ways ;  especially  by  remodelling  the  citadel  into  a  Clivus  Capi- 
tolinus ;  at  Falerium  there  was  even  a  via  sacra.  —  plovebat: 
Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  A,  3 ;  analogous  to  fuvit,  =  fuit.  —  udi  tam- 
quam  mures :  probably  masc.  because  the  populace  joined  in 
the  procession.  Note  how  frequently  Ganymedes  employs  simi- 
les. —  pedes  lanatos  :  '  that's  why  the  gods  are  so  slow  in  getting 
after  us.'  The  sense  is,  however,  obscure.  Martial,  i.  98,  says 
of  a  man  who  finds  it  hard  to  part  with  his  money  that  he 
suffers  from  cheragra.  Porphyrion  on  Horace,  Odes,  iii.  2,  31, 
pede  poena  claudo,  says  hoc  proximum  est  illi  quod  dicitur  decs 
iratos  pedes  lanatos  habere. 


45.  centonarius  :  a  maker  of  rag  covers  used  in  smothering 
dangerous  fire^s.  In  the  imperial  period,  ccntonarii,  with  fahri 
and  other  craftsmen,  formed  respectable  collegia.  Centonarius 
is  the  title  of  a  mime  of  Laberius  ;  if  we  supply  mimus,  we  might 
compare  this  with  mimus  laserpiciarius  35,  15,  and  understand 
that  Echion  was  an  actor  in  a  mime  in  which  a  cento  figured. 
—  oro  melius  loquere  :  parataxis,  cf.  Introd.  p.  xli.  Donatus 
on  Ter.  Andria  201,  bona  verba  quaeso,  says  that  this  is  a  euphe- 
mistic phrase;  quasi  dicat  ^  meliora  loquere  rogo  te' ;  the  sense  is 
that  of  melius  ominare. — modo  sic,  modo  sic:  'now  it's  one 
way  and  now  it's  another,  as  the  farmer  said,'  etc.  Sam  Weller 
is  famous  for  similar  comparisons ;  cf.,  e.g.,  *  All  good  feelin', 
sir  .  .  .  the  wery  best  intentions,  as  the  genlm'n  said  ven  he 
run  away  from  his  wife,  'cos  she  seemed  unhappy  with  him,' 
replied  Mr.  Weller ;    so  deus  miserere    animabus,  dixit   Oswald 


92  NOTES.     CHAP.  45,  LINES  4-17. 

cadens  in  terram;  see  Otto,  Sprichioorter,  p.  xxx.  —  dici  potest: 
for  the  less  lively  dici  posset.  —  laborat  hoc  tempore  :  proba- 
bly from  financial  straits.  Municipalities  in  Hadrian's  time 
became  so  involved  in  debt  on  account  of  reckless  and  extrava- 
gant building,  that  their  fiscal  management  had  to  be  under- 
taken by  the  Roman  senate.  This  may  partially  explain  the 
hard  times  alluded  to;   cf.  also  1.  8  in  the  following  chapter. 

-^  caelus :  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  C ;  the  appearance  of  similar  masc. 
forms  for  the  neuter,  dates  early ;  Ennius  has  undantem  salem, 
fretum  omnem;  they  are  also  found  in  inscriptions.  —  et  ecce  : 
Introd.  p.  xxxvii,  D,  1 ;  on  excellenie,  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  B.  Ou 
such  a  festive  triduum  as  is  here  mentioned,  see  Friedl.  Sitteng.  ii. 
424.  Festa  hints  not  only  at  the  spectaculum,  but  also  at  the  epu- 
lum  and  the divisiones. — lanisticia  . .  .  liberti :  'no  mere  training 
class,  but  most  of  them  past  masters  in  the  art.'  Libertus  is  the 
gladiator  who  has  been  rude  donatus  and  reappears  in  the  arena 
on  his  own  accord ;  this  sense  of  the  word  is  shown  by  gladiato- 
rial inscriptions  with  the  abbreviation  lib.  or  libr.;  C.I.L.  XTI. 
3324 ;  VI.  10180.  A  Pompeian  inscription  records  that  after  eight 
contests  a  certain  gladiator  was  made  libertus.  Rich  munici- 
pales  frequently  made  a  present  of  gladiatorial  shows  to  their 
fellow-citizens ;  cf.  Suet.  Tiber.  37 ;  Mart.  iii.  59 ;   Orelli,  2.345. 

—  caldicerebrius  :  in  the  words  of  Portia, '  his  hot  temper  leaps 
o'er  a  cold  decree.'  —  sine  f uga :  '  he  will  give  us  a  fine  show  of 
steel,  with  good  fighting  to  the  death.'  —  et  habet  unde  :  il  a  de 
quoi:  cf  Ter.  Adelph.  122,  est  unde  haecfant.  —  sestertium  tri- 
centies :  Trim.  71,  45,  hopes  to  leave  an  estate  as  large  as  this; 
he  had  once  lost  as  much  by  a  shipwreck  ;  in  a  successful  voyage 
he  had  made  ten  million,  and  he  might  have  married  that  much 
more;  cf.  74,  38;  76,  9  and  18.  —  quadringenta  impendat : 
over  twenty  thousand  dollars ;  the  amount  spent  on  the  games 
was  sometimes  enormous.  Milo  spent  so  much  that  the  people 
deemed  him  crazy;  cf  Cic.  Ad  Quint,  frat.  iii.  9,  2;  Friedl. 
Sitteng.  ii.  307.  —  Manios :  explained  as  the  debased  use  of  the 
praenomen  Manius,  like  the  Eng.  'Johnny,'  'Jack,'  'hodge,'  or 


NOTES.     CHAP.  45,  LIXES  17-37.  93 

the  Ger.  hdnse.  —  essedariam  :  cf.  Tac.  Annal.  xiv.  35,  Bouduica, 
curru  Jilios  prae  se  vehens  .  .  .  solitum  quidem  Brlttanis  feminarum 
ductu  bellare  testabatur ;  this  was  61  a.d.  Cf.  also  Mau-Kelsey, 
Pompeii,  p.  217,  also  pp.  213-220,  on  gladiatorial  shows  in  Pom- 
peii.—  delectaretur  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  3.  —  rixam:  in  C.I.L. 
X.  1948,  we  have  the  cry  of  a  dying  gladiator,  addressed  to  the 
audience:  post  praemia  rixulasque  vestras.  —  ad  bestias  dedit : 
such  punishment  was  regulated  by  law;  Mau-Kelsey,  p.  213. 
On  fighting  with  wild  animals,  cf.  Mart.  ii.  14,  18  (a  bull) ;  i. 
43,  14  (a  wild  boar).  —  stratum  caedit :  'who  cannot  beat  the 
mule,  whacks  the  saddle.'  —  filicem:  'truck';  contemptuous  for 
filiam.  —  coliibra  restem  ndn  parit :  the  apple  does  not  fall  far 
from  its  tree.  —  dedit  suas :  'has  fouled  his  own  nest';  suas 
refers  first  to  the  wife,  then  to  all  the  women  of  his  household 
generally,  and  thus  to  the  household  itself.  —  stigmam :  Introd. 
p.  XXXV,  A,  1.  Greek  neuters  in  -a  easily  became  first  decl.  fem. 
in  Latin,  since  the  latter  had  no  neuters  in  -a.  —  quod  .  .  . 
epulum  daturus  :  Introd.  p.  xliii.  Such  divisiones  and  epula  as 
are  here  mentioned  are  abundantly  attested  by  inscriptions  ; 
cf.  the  Indices  in  Wilmanns,  Exemp.  Inscrip.  p.  664;  C.I.L.  X. 
pp.  1181-1183;  XIV.  p.  596;  Plin.  Ad  Traj.  116  f.  — mihi  et 
meis :  these  latter  are  the  augustales,  who  were  commonly  re- 
membered in  the  divisiones  by  a  gift  of  two  denarii,  or  the  mem- 
bers of  the  collegium  centonariorum  to  which  Echion  belonged. 

—  vinciturum  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  1,  possibly  a  plebeian  form 
developed  in  order  to  distinguish  vinco  from  vivo  in  the  third 
stem.  The  reference  is  to  the  next  election  of  duumvirs  and 
aediles.  — bestiarios  :  at  best  but  poor  fighters  and  not  equal  to 
the  venatores.  —  occidit  .  .  .  equites:  'he  had  mounted  fight- 
ers kill  each  other  who  Were  no  better  than  lamp  figurines.' 
Fighting  scenes  were  frequently  represented  on  the  lamps  placed 
in  the  graves  of  gladiators ;  lamps  have  also  been  found  shaped 
like  a  gladiator's  helmet.  —  burdubasta :  literally,  'an  ass's 
burden,'  hence,  'a  dummy';  probably  from  burdus  =  burdo  and 
*basium,  seen  in  basterna,  'litter.' — tertiarius  :  'and  the  bye  [the 


94        NOTES.     CHAP.  45,  LINE  39;    CHAP.  46,  LINE  11. 

contestant  who  sat  waiting  to  fight  the  victor  of  the  firs#round] 
was  as  good  as  dead/  The  usual  word  is  supposidcius,  as  in 
C.I.L.  IV.  1179,  gladiatorum  paria  XXX  et  eo{rum)  supp{osiiicios)\ 
Mart.  V.  24,  8.  Cf.  C.G.L.  II.  320,  59.  —  ad  dictata :  '  by  rote  ' ; 
often  the  spectators  shouted  the  thrusts  and  guards  (the  dictata) 
to  the  fighters,  and  sometimes  to  their  advantage,  as  spectators 
do  at  ball  games  to-day.  — ad  summam:  cf.  Introd.  p.  xl,  E,  5; 
Hand.  Turgellinus,  iii.  261.  —  adhibete  :  •  give  it  to  them  ' ; 
sc.  virgas  ferrwnque.  This  is  the  cry  of  impatience  from  the 
audience  when  the  fighting  is  weak.  — fugae  merae  :  'every  one 
of  them  nothing  but  quitters';  Introd.  p.  xl,  E,  4.  — manus 
manum  lavat :  a  Greek  proverb,  a  Be  x^tp  tyjv  x^'i^P"-  ^^C^'- 


46.  argutat :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  3.  Agamemnon,  being  a 
man  of  better  manners,  had  remained  quiet,  although  he  could 
talk  charmingly  {qui  poles  loqui,  next  line). —  fasciae  :  'you 
don't  wear  our  colors ';  don't  belong  to  our  set.  —  pauperorum  : 
2d  decl.  forms  of  pauper  occur  from  the  time  of  Plant,  through 
the  fourth  century  a.d.,  in  literature  and  inscriptions;  Ronsch, 
Itala  und  Vidgnta,  p.  275.— prae  literas :  cf.  39,  29.  — quid  ergo 
est:  cf.  30,  30;  39,  7.  —  te  persuadeam :  this  construction  of 
the  ace.  with  persuadeo  is  found  only  in  Petr.  and  Apuleius ;  cf. 
62,  2 ;  44,  5  and  34  ;  cf.  Drager,  Hist.  Synt.  I.  405.  —  belle  erit : 
cf.  42,  19. —  dispare  pallavit :  'set  everything  to  growing  out 
of  season.'  Dispare  =  dispariter ;  N"eue,  Formenl.  II.  587.  Pal- 
lavit is  explained  as  a  corruption  of  pulavit  used  in  a  causative 
sense.  Echion  felt  "how  many  things  by  season  seasoned  are  | 
to  their  right  praise  and  true  perfection,"  though  the  present 
times  seemed  to  be  out  of  joint.  —  cicaro  :  '  my  youngster  ' ;  so 
71,  35 ;  Trim.,  however,  has  no  children.  The  word  is  probably 
a  derivative  of  endearment,  from  cicw  or  ciccum  :  so  Pollio  from 
Paulus,  or  MtKKuAtW  from  /xiKpoq.  —  quattuor  partes  :  i.e.,  he 
can  tell  the  one-fourth,  one-half,  three-fourths,  of  any  number 
divisible  by  four ;  he  knows  his  table  of  fours  ;  cf.  also  58,  23  ; 
75,  9.  —  servulum  :  not  really ;  he  speaks  as  one  who  had  once 


NOTES.     CHAP.  46,  LINE   14;    CHAP.  47,  LINE  5.        95 

been  a  servus  himself.  He  means  parvulus  or  puerulus. —  dixi 
quod  :  cf.  45,  30,  and  Gildersleeve-Lodge,  Latin  Grammar,  525,  7. 

—  Graeculis  calcem  impiugit :  '  he  makes  a  good  foundation  in 
Greek  ' ;  this  being  his  mother  tongue.  He  is  also  pursuing  the 
study  of  the  universally  spoken  Latin  with  fair  results.  —  sibi 
placens  :  '  self-complacent ' ;  cf.  44,  30  ;  Heraeus,  Sprache  des 
Petron.  p.  32.  —  venit  dem  literas  =  venit  petens  ut  tradam  quod 
littens  consignet,  since  he  is  employed  as  a  grammalista  and  lihra- 
rius  ad  manum.  —  libra  rubricata  :  '  law  books.'  Llbriim  is  for 
liber;  perhaps  the  Greek  neut.  jSl/SXlov  is  in  tke  speaker's  sub- 
consciousness. The  neuter  occurs  in  glossaries;  cf.  C.G.L.  VI. 
640.  The  scholiast  on  Persius,  5,  90,  says,  rubricam  vacant 
minium  quo  tituli  legum  annotabantur ;  hence  in  the  Digests,  sub 
rubrica  =  sub  titulo.  —  domusionem  :  'for  home  use';  cf.  48,  9. 

—  tonstreinum  :  -  the  barber's  trade  ' ;  strictly,  '  the  barber's 
shop ' ;  but  the  two  senses  w^ere  easily  confused.  So  sutrinum  and 
textrinum  denote  either  the  shop  or  the  trade  of  the  shoemaker 
or  the  weaver,  respectively.  That  we  have  two  concrete  words 
following  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  words  denoting  the 
respective  professions  did  not  exist ;  cf.  Mart.  v.  56,  9,  discat 
citharoedus,  'learn  to  become  a  player';  so  Xen.  Mem.  iv.  4,  5, 
eStSa^aro  avTov  aKVTm.  On  the  dignity  of  the  lawyer's  profes- 
sion, cf.  Friedl.  Sitteng.  i.  326.  —  Phileronem :  plebeian  form 
for  Philerotem:  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  B  ;  cf.  63,  2.  This  is,  of  course, 
not  the  guest  named  in  43,  1 ;  the  causidicus  is  plainly  mentioned 
as  being  absent.  —  Norbanum  :  cf.  45,  32 ;  evidently  one  of 
the  most  prominent  honoratiores  and  office-seekers  of  the  town. 

—  thesaurum  :  this  neut.  form  for  thesaurus  occurs  in  church 
Latin  and  in  glossaries.  "  Though  learning  is  a  treasure,  still  a 
trade's  a  good  thing." 


47.  nee  medici  se  inveniunt :  '  can't  find  themselves,'  '  are 
fazed ' ;  a  colloquialism  of  Petr.'s  time ;  cf  Sen.  De  Benef.  v.  12, 
and  Controvers.  iii.  praefat.   13,   vix  se  invenient.  —  taeda  ex 


96         NOTES.     CHAP.  47,  LINE  5;    CHAP.  48,  LINE  5. 

aceto  :  probably  not  unlike  modern  Greek  resin ated  wine  in 
taste,  though  probably  gummy,  since  it  was  also  good  for  tooth- 
ache; cf.  Plin.  Nat.  Hist.  xxiv.  41.  —  spero  .  .  .  imponet :  para- 
taxis; Introd.  p.  xli,  F.  —  putes  :  Introd.  p.  xliii,  {d).  —  sua  re 
facere  :  '  to  consult  his  welfare ';  perhaps  comparable  with  Plaut. 
Capt.  296,  tua  {ex)  re  feceris. —  pudeatur  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  2. 

—  continere  :  cf.  Suet.  Claud.  32. — lovis  :  Introd.  p.  xxxv,  B  ; 
a  popular  form  in  early  and  late  Latin. — vetuo :  Introd.  p.  xxxiii, 
B,  4 ;  as  metui  comes  from  metuo,  so  vetui  was  popularly  referred 
to  a  pres.  vetuo  ;  Heraeus,  Sprache  des  Petr.  p.  39.  —  minutalia  : 
in  apposition  with  cetera;  'and  other  things  that  may  be  neces- 
sary.' What  these  are  is  hinted  at  in  an  old  glossary;  cf.  C.G.L. 
V.  621,  26,  =  VI.  701 ;  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  9.  —  clivo  laborare  : 
i.e.,  'that  we  had  not  yet  reached  the  top  of  the  hill';  a  Latin 
proverb,  reappearing  in  Sen.  Epis.  xxxi.  4,  clivum  istum  uno, 
si  potes,  spiritu  exsupera.  —  petauristarios  :  it  was  a  common 
thing  in  Rome  to  see  rope-dancers,  fakirs  with  their  trained 
animals,  Marsian  snake-eaters  and  charmers,  surrounded  by 
crowds  (circuli)  of  spectators ;  cf.  Mart.  i.  41,  7.  —  fieri : 
Introd.  p.  xl,  E,  1;  so  faciimt,  next  line.  —  penthiacum  :  'beef 
a  la  mode,'  stuck  through  and  through  with  pork,  as  Pentheus 
was  stabbed  by  the  Maenads.  That  the  meat  is  beef  is 
shown  from  1.  77  of  Vespa,  Judicium  coci,  Anthol.  Lat.  (ed. 
Riese)  I.  p.  169,  est  et  mihi  de  hove  Pentheus.  —  decuria:  when- 
ever any  division  of  slaves  became  numerous,  it  was  divided 
into  decuriae,  supervised  by  decuriones  or  monitores.  —  domi 
natus  =  vernaculus ;  so  home-raised  bees  are  vernaculae,  38,  7. 


48.  vinum  .  .  .  mutabo :  the  wine  he  had  served  yesterday 
was  poor ;  cf.  34,  23.  —  bonum  faciatis  :  '  relish  ' ;  cf.  39,  .5.  — 
ad  salivam  facit :  '  makes  your  mouth  water ' ;  so  Sen.  Epist. 
Ixxix,  7,  Aetna  tibi  salivam  movet.^ego  .  .  .  novi :  the  pron. 
used  for  contrast,  hence  not  redundant.  —  Tarraciniensibus  : 
the  epenthesis  of  i  after  n  due  to  popular  misspelling ;  so  C.I.L. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  48,  LINES  6-24.  97 

« 

IV.  128,  salinienses ;  XT.  1421,  amen.ses.  —  agellis  :  the  diminu- 
tive of  endearment  increases  the  sense  of  personal  rehition, 
interest,  or  possession  ;  agellis  therefore  =  meis  ipsius  agris ; 
cf.  misella,  63,  8,  and  audaculum,  63,  12.  —  Africam :  Introd. 
p.  xxxviii,  E,  1  ;  so  Plant.  Poen.  831,  quasi  Acheruntem  veneris. 

—  declamasti :  parataxis  ;  the  impv.  is  little  more  than  an 
interj.  For  the  training  of  their  scholars,  rhetoricians  had 
two  kinds  of  exercises,  suasoriae  and  controversiae ;  cf.  Friedl. 
Sitteng.  iii.  389.     A  number  composed  by  Seneca  still  survive. 

—  fastiditum  :  Introd.  p.  xxxviJL  E,  3. —  peristasim  :  'the 
facts  in  the  case  ' ;  cf.  Liddell  &  Scott,  under  v7r60eaL<i  and 
TrepLO-Taat^,  also  Quint.  Institut.  v.  10,  104.  —  pauper  et  dives  : 
a  popular  theme  in  controversiae;   cf.  Sen.  Controv.  ii.  1;   v.  2. 

—  pollicem  porcino  extorsit :  '  twisted  his  thumb  off  for  him 
after  he  had  been  changed  into  a  pig.'  Trim,  has  a  shadowy 
and  very  confused  recollection  of  Ulysses'  meeting  with  Poly- 
phemus and  Circe.  In  chap.  50  he  shows  a  similarly  hopeless 
confusion.  —  apud  Homerum  :  he  had  done  this  in  the  ludus 
grammaticus.  —  nam  Sibyllam  :  '  (and  I  know  a  great  deal 
more  than  what  is  found  in  Homer)  for,'  etc. ;  on  the  ellipsis, 
cf.  38,  9.  —  SiPvXXa  ti  Ge'Xeis  :  Varro  names  ten  sibyls  ;  this 
number  indicates  that  the  oracles,  comprising  the  so-called  Sibyl- 
line books,  were  gathered  from  very  many  sources.  That  the 
Cumaean  sibvl  was  so  famed  is  accounted  for  bv  the  fact  that 
Cumae  was  settled  from  Asia  Minor,  whence  the  oldest  oracles 
came.  She  owes  mainly  to  the  Aeneid  her  prominence  in  the 
art  of  the  Renaissance.  Because  her  oracles  are  immortal,  she 
is  immortal  also,  though  longing  to  die ;  cf.  Propert.  ii.  2,  16, 
etsi  Cumaeae  saecula  vatis  aget ;  Mart.  ix.  29,  3.  In  Petr.  the 
sibyl  is  conceived  as  shrivelled  up  to  the  size  of  a  grasshopper, 
like  Tithonus,  else  she  would  not  be  in  an  ampulla;  cf  James, 
Class.  Rev.  vi.  74.  Portia,  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice,  i.  2, 
says,  "If  I  live  to  be  as  old  as  Sibylla,  I  will  die  as  chaste 
as  Diana  unless  I  be  obtained  by  the  manner  of  my  father's 
will."     On  Cumis,  cf  Introd.  p.  xix,  n.  7. 


98        NOTES.     CHAP.  49,  LINE   1,  TO  CHAP.  51,  LINE  2. 

49.  efilaverat :  '  he  had  not  yet  finished  blowing.'  The 
common  sense  is  'to  expire,'  or  'say  with  one's  dying  breath'; 
so  Florus,  ii.  17,  7  (ed.  Jahn),  verum  est  quod  moriens  Brutus 
efflavit.  —  paulo  ante  fuerat :  the  live  pig  of  47,  32.  This  is 
the  third  course  of  the  cena  proper.  —  voca  ...  in  medio  = 
in  medium ;  cf.  the  converse  fui  in  funus,  42,  .5.  —  despolia : 
'strip  him.'  The  cloak-room  in  the  amphitheatre  and  the 
baths  was  called  spoliarium.  —  solet  fieri :  the  time-honored 
plea  of  the  apologist ;  cf.  Sen.  Controv.  ii.  12,  10,  nihil  peccaverat, 
amat  meretricem :  solet  fieri.  So  Donatus  on  Ter.  Phorm.  245, 
quod  a  precatorihus  did  solebat,  hoc  dicit :  communia  esse,  et  fieri 
posse. 


50.  automatum  :  '  surprise ' ;  in  54,  15  it  means  an  actual 
mechanism  involving  a  surprise.  —  Gaio  :  cf.  note  on  C.  noster, 
30,  12. —  Corinthea  =  Corinthia,  but  is  formed  like  an  adj.  of 
material.  Trim,  means  that  his  bronzes  are  of  that  lump  into 
which  Corinth  with  all  its  metals  w' as  melted  up ;  at  the  same 
time  the  bronze  dealer  of  whom  he  buys  is  named  Corinth. 
The  pun  is  weak  and  is  based  on  a  confusion  of  Corinth  us, 
the  city,  with  Corinthus,  an  aerarius. — statuncula  :  Iiitrod. 
p.  xxxvi,  C,  2 ;  the  diminutive  of  statua  is  found  in  all  genders ; 
the  neut.  is  due  to  the  influence  of  signum  (statue),  the  general 
word  with  which  statuncula  would  be  associated  in  sense.  The 
neut.  form  may  also  be  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  Greek 
diminutives  are  as  a  rule  neut.  Trim,  had  used  Greek  from  his 
boyhood.  —  certe  non  olunt :  Corinthian  bronzes  had  a  peculiar 
odor  which  served  as  evidence  of  their  genuineness ;  cf.  Mart. 
ix.  59,  11,  Consuluit  nares  an  olerent  aera  Corinthon. 


51.  Caesarem  =  ad  Caesarem.  Such  an  omission  of  the  prep, 
before  the  name  of  a  person  is  rare.  This  Caesar  is  probably 
Tiberius.  Plin.,  Nat.  Hist,  xxxvi.  195,  states  that  the  discov- 
ery of  a  malleable  glass  was  made  in  his  reign,  and  that  the 


NOTES.     CHAP.   51,  LINE  3;    CHAP.   52,  LINE  5.         99 

inventor's  factory  was  destroyed  lest  such'  glass  take  the  place 
of  the  precious  metals  and  cause  their  decline.  He,  however, 
discredits  the  story.  Dio  Cassius,  Ivii.  21,  tells  of  an  engineer 
who  righted  a  porticus  which  leaned  out  of  the  true  line,  and 
was  banished,  in  consequence,  as  an  uncanny  wizard.  In 
pleading  before  the  Emperor  to  be  allowed  to  return,  he 
dropped  a  glass  cup,  which  did  not  break  but  was  merely 
bruised  by  the  fall.  He  repaired  the  dent  with  his  fingers  and 
hoped  such  skill  would  win  the  Emperor's  favor.  He  was, 
however,  put  to  death.  —  fecit  se  porrigere :  'he  made  as 
though  to  offer,'  —  non  pote  valdius  quam  =  quam  valdissime 
poterat :  'Caesar  was  most  mightily  scared';  literally,  '(it  was) 
not  possible  (to  be)  more  mightily  (scared)  than  Caesar  was.' 
—  vasum  :  In  trod.  p.  xxxv.  A,  4.  —  martiolum  :  '  hammer ' ;  cf. 
the  name  of  the  conqueror  at  Poitiers,  Charles  Marlel.  Marcus 
=  'large  hammer';  hence  the  dimin.  jnarculus,  martellus.  From 
these  came  the  second  dimin.  mai-tiolus ;  =  Fr.  marteau,  Sp.  )nnr- 
tillo.  —  solium  lovis  :  'the  seventh  heaven';  cf.  37,  8;  so  Hor. 
Epist.  i.  17,  3-1,  res  gerere  et  captos  ostendere  civihus  hostes  \  attingit 
solium  lovis  et  caelestia  tentat.  —  quia  enim :  Introd.  p.  xxxvii, 
D,  3.  —  pro  luto  :  cf.  44,  22. 


52,  in  argento  =  in  argentum ;  cf  46,  13.  Silver  plate  is 
meant,  with  which  the  wealthy  Romans  loaded  their  tables ;  cf. 
Friedl.  Sitteng.  iii.  122.  —  scyphos  urnales  :  these  were  huge; 
an  urna  =  about  22  pints.  —  plus  minus  C:  -a  hundred  more 
or  less.'  This  asyndeton  is  found  in  glosses,  cf.  C.G.L.  VI. 
under  fei-yne  and  circiter ;  also  in  inscriptions  (C.I.L.  III.  3980) 
and  in  literature ;  cf.  Stat.  Silv.  iv.  9,  22,  emptum  plus  minus 
asse  Caiano.  —  Cassandra:  '(and  one  I  prize  very  highly 
which  has  the  scene  showing)  how,'  etc.;  Medea  is  of  course 
meant.  —  mortui  .  .  .  vivere  :  this  is  up  to  the  level  of  Trim. 's 
punning ;  on  the  lifelikeness,  cf  Ov.  JMetam.  x.  250.  virginis  est 
verae  fades  ut  vivere  credas. — ubi  Daedalus  Niobam:  '(and 
on  one  is  shown  the  scene)  where,'  etc. :  he  probably  means  the 


100       NOTES.     CHAP.  52,  LINE  6;    CHAP.  53,  LINE  2. 

thrusting  of  Pasiphae  into  the  wooden  cow.  Mummius  may 
possibly  have  been  suggested  to  the  befuddled  mind  of  Trim, 
by  the  allusions  above  to  Corinthian  bronze,  though  he  is  now 
talking  about  silverware.  —  nam  Hermerotis  :  cf.  nam,  38,  9 ; 
on  this  combination  of  mythological  and  gladiatorial  scenes,  cf. 
29,  21.  Pompeian  graffiti  have  been  found  referring  to  gladia- 
tors and  giving  the  names  Prudes  and  Tetraites.  These  same 
names  have  been  found  in  gladiatorial  scenes  on  old  Roman 
glass  vessels  found  in  other  parts  of  Europe,  with  a  variant 
Petrahes  or  Petraeites.  —  meum  intelligere  :  'my  knowledge'; 
so  Pers.  1,  122,  ?ioc  ridere  meum;  cf.  Conington's  note,  and 
Wolfflin,  Archiv,  iii.  75.  —  tamquam  ego  tibi  :  the  idea  being, 
'  you  are  your  own  enemy.'  —  tandem  ergo  :  the  breaks  in  the 
lines  give  some  suggestion  of  how  greatly  the  original  has 
been  condensed  by  the  epitomator.  —  cordacem  .  .  .  ducit  = 
KopSaKa  €Xkv€lv:  for  a  woman  this  was  of  course  extremely 
indecent.  Dancing  at  any  time,  excepting  on  the  stage  and  at 
religious  ceremonies,  was  offensive  to  the  Roman  ;  hence  Cic, 
Pro  Mur.  6,  says  nemo  fere  saltat  sohrius,  nisi  forte  insanit.  — 
madeia,  perimadeia:  Trim,  himself  goes  through  this  genuine 
tarantella,  while  the  slaves  keep  time  with  the  refrain,  which 
seems  to  mean  '  (well  done)  by  Zeus,  oh  yea  by  Zeus.'  The 
words  are  possibly  Greek,  /xa  Ata  Trepl  fxa  Ata,  and  from  some 
song  of  a  dithyrambic  character.  Trim,  intends  a  pantomimic 
performance,  acting  out  the  text,  and  the  slaves  taking  the  part 
of  the  chorus  and  singing  the  text.  That  it  is  in  Greek  is  not 
surprising ;  such  pantomimic  texts  were  frequently  heard  even 
on  the  Roman  stage;  Harpers'  Diet.  Class.  Antiq.,  p.  1168. 


53.  urbis  acta :  possibly  in  imitation  of  the  journals  of  the 
imperial  house  (^ephemerides ;  cf.  Suet.  Aug.  c.  64)  or  of  the  acta 
urbis  Romae.  It  was,  however,  a  necessity  that  Trim,  as  master 
of  a  large  property  should  have  regular  reports  made,  whether 
he  imitates  the  imperial  custom  or  not.  —  VII,  Kal.  Sex. :  the 
date  up  to  which  the  report  for  the  first  six  months  of  the  pre- 


NOTES.     CHAP.  53,  LINE   10;    CHAP.   5'4,  LINE   1.       lOl 

ceding  year  is  brought.  It  has  been  deliayed '  dnri'ng  July  ih' 
preparation,  and  is  now  read  fully  six  months  after  being  made 
up.  There  has  been  a  still  longer  delay  in  submitting  the 
ledger  account,  rationes,  containing  inter  alia  his  purchase  of 
Pompeian  gardens.  So  vast  are  Trim.'s  transactions  that  the 
actuai-ius  does  not  hesitate  to  say  it  is  hardly  time  to  expect  a 
report  on  what  he  claims  is  so  recent  a  matter.  To  Trim,  it 
does  not  seem  so  ;  hence  excanduit  below.  —  Pompeiauis  :  since 
Trim's  gentile  name  is  Pompeius,  derived  from  his  last  owner, 
these  horti  may  have  belonged  to  this  last  owner  until  bought 
or  inherited  by  Trim.,  and  may  thus  derive  their  name ;  it  is 
possible,  however,  that  they  lay  near  Pompeii,  and  the  name  is 
thus  derived.  —  cum  elogio  exheredabatur  :  '  disinherited 
with  honorable  mention.'  It  was  onlv  by  the  courtesv  of  the 
master  that  a  slave  could  make  a  will.  Masters  usually  in- 
herited something  from  the  libertus,  whether  by  will  or  not, 
unless  they  had  given  a  release  lihertatis  causa  during  the  life  of 
the  libertus.  —  baro  :  here  and  in  63,  17,  '  an  athlete  ' ;  it  is  the 
Eng.  'baron.'  It  is  explained  as  meaning  lit.  a  man  corpora 
robore  ferox,  or  corporis  robore  stolide  ferox.  It  then  passes  over 
into  the  sense  of  proceres,  '  vassals,'  in  which  it  is  employed  in 
documents  of  Charles  the  Bald,  8.50  a.d.  —  odaria  saltare : 
'  to  give  a  song-and-dance  performance ' ;  like  the  old  Latin 
Atellanae  or  a  modern  vaudeville  number.  Ovid  in  his  exile 
was  pleased  to  know  that  his  poems  were  often  "  danced  "  in 
the  theatre  and  received  with  applause.  Tristia,  ii.  519.  — 
nam:  cf.  52,  6.  —  Atellaniam  facers:  this  would  be  employ- 
ing a  first-rate  troupe  for  second-rate  shows.  Good  plays,  in 
Trim.'s  time,  were  not  sufficiently  attractive  and  well  patronized 
to  hold  their  place  on  the  stage.  The  public  taste  was  low. 
Cf.  Friedl.  Sitteng.  ii.  443. 


54.  haec  dicente  Gaio  :  'just  at  the  moment  Gains  was 
thus  speaking  the  boy  fell  from  above  (upon  the  shoulder)  of 
Trimalchio.'     Gaio  is  plainly  corrupt  if  it  refers  to  Trim.,  for 


o     c  "  f     r 


102       NOTES.     CHAP.  54,  LINE  3;    CHAP.  55,  LINE  15. 


the  name  immediately  follows  by  which  Encolpiiis  always  men- 
tions him.  —  hominem  tarn  putidum  :  '  so  disagreeable  a  being ' ; 
the  boy,  not  Trim. ;  cf.  34,  15.  In  73,  7,  however,  Encolpius 
speaks  of  Trim.'s  iactatio  as  putidissima. —  alienum  mortuum  : 
*  have  somebody's  funeral  on  their  hands ' ;  the  expression 
seems  part  of  a  proverb.  —  nam:  cf.  nam,  52,  6.  —  pessime 
erat :  '  I  had  a  very  uncomfortable  feeling ' ;  cf.  Introd.  p. 
xxxvii,  C.  —  catastropha  :  '  a  stage  trick  ' ;  the  w^ord  occurs 
only  in  Petron.  and  maybe  a  theatrical  term;  cf.  Collignon, 
Etude  sur  Petrone,  p.  276. 


55.  In  praecipiti  :  '  how  sudden  a  shift  there  is  in  human 
affairs.'  The  phrase  is  used  with  reference  to  the  headlong 
descent  of  the  tumbler.  Cf,  however,  Juv.  1,  147,  omne  in  prae- 
cipiti vitium  stetit,  which  shows  that  the  phrase  has  also  a 
general  sense.  —  ita  :  '  really  ' ;  frequent  in  this  sense  at  the  be- 
ginning of  a  sentence  ;  cf.  75,  12.  —  ex  transverse:  '  the  un- 
expected always  happens ' ;  so  Plaut.  Trin.  361  ;  multa  eveniunt 
homini,  quae  volt,  quae  nevolt.  Cf.  with  the  epigram  in  34,  30, 
on  the  pentameter  preceded  by  two  hexameters.  —  Mopsum 
Thracem  :  this  poet  belongs  in  the  same  category  with  the 
Trojan  Hannibal.  The  epitomator  seems  to  have  put  the  entire 
account  of  the  poetarum  mentio  into  a  single  condensed  sentence 
of  his  own.  —  On  Publilius  [Syrus],  cf  Teuffel,  Hist.  Rom. 
Lit.,  §  212,  3.  The  following  lines  are  generally  considered  to 
be  an  imitation  by  Trim,  in  the  style  of  the  poet.  Ribbeck, 
however,  prints  them  among  the  fragments  of  Publilius  in  his 
Scaen.  Roman.  Poesis  Frag.,  II.  303.  Publilius  was  chiefly  an 
actor  and  improvisatore,  hence  only  stage  copies  of  his  plays 
were  in  circulation.  Of  his  plays  we  have  only  the  names  of 
two.  The  metre  which  follows  is  the  ^enariu^ ;  Gildersleeve- 
Lodge,  Latin  Grammar,  761.  The  poem  is  of  such  marked  vigor 
and  excellence  in  choice  of  words  and  in  alliteration  that  it 
reveals  the  skill  of  the  actual  Petronius  behind  his  dummy 
Trimalchio.  —  tuo  palato  :    '  is  cooped  up  and  raised  for  thy 


NOTES.     CHAP.   65,  LINE  19;    CHAP.  56,  LINE   18.       103 

palate,  clad  in  its  plumage  of  royal  gold.'  The  Xumidian 
pheasant  is  the  afra  avis  of  Hor.  Epod.  ii.  53.  —  pietaticultrix  : 
'haunter  of  temples.' — Titulus  :  '  harbinger  of  spring.'  On  the 
stork  as  a  bird  for  the  table,  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  2,  49,  tutus  erat 
rhombus  tutoque  ciconia  nido.  Here,  however,  it  finds  its  final 
nest  in  the  stewing-kettle  of  a  luxurious  bon-viuant.  —  bacam 
Indicam :  sc.  optas  from  below.  Horace,  Sat.  ii.  3,  239,  also 
calls  the  pearl  a  baca  —  phaleris  :  pearls,  corals,  and  precious 
stones  are  conceived  of  as  the  '  trappings  '  of  luxury.  —  Carche- 
donios :  '  why  dost  thou  covet  the  flash  of  oriental  stones.* 
Pliny  writes  in  his  Nat.  Hist,  xxxvii.  92,  carbunculi  a  simili- 
tudine  ignium  appellati.  Horum  genera  Indici  et  Garamaniici^ 
quos  et  Carchedonios  vocavere  propter  opulentiam  Carthaginis 
magnae. 


56.  medicum  et  nummularium :  concrete  words  for  ab- 
stract names  of  the  professions ;  so  46,  26.  —  anatinum  ;  like 
goose-grease,  it  may  have  been  good  for  colds.  Cato,  according 
to  Plut.  Cat.  Mai.  23,  6,  frequently  dosed  his  household  with 
duck's  and  hare's  meat.  —  aes  videt :  the  denarius  had  been 
debased  in  Xero's  time ;  Mart.  xii.  57,  8,  hinc  otiosus  sordidam 
quatit  mensam  Neroniana  nummularius  massa.  —  nam  mutae : 
'  (but  not  men  alone  lead  toilsome  lives)  for  the  dumb,'  etc.  — 
illae :  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  B.  —  ibi  et  acidum :  '  every  sweet  has 
its  sour ' ;  cf.  Plant.  Pseud.  63 ;  Juv.  6,  181  (voluptas)  plus  aloes 
quam  mellis  habet.  —  pittacia  :  the  boy  read  what  was  upon  the 
cards,  and  gave  each  guest  the  corresponding  apophoretum,  which 
was  determined  in  each  instance  by  a  word-pun.  This  was  a 
popular  diversion  as  early  as  the  time  of  Augustus  and  is  not 
yet  out  of  vogue ;  cf.  Friedl.,  Introd.  to  Mart.  Apophoreta,  and 
ApopJi.  xiii.  5.  —  argentum  sceleratum  :  '  a  silvered  (s)ham ' :  a 
trinket  resembling  a  ham  {(TKeXL<i  =  '  leg ')  is  brought ;  the  pun  is 
on  scEL-eratum.  Corresponding  to  ar^re/i^um  are  silver  acetabula; 
cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache  Petr.,  p.  12.  —  o21a  collaris ;  '  a  piece  of 
meat   off   the   neck.'  —  serisapia :    this   being   word-punning, 


104       NOTES.     CHAP.  56,  LINE  20;    CHAP.  57,  LINE  12. 

where  the  joke  depends  on  the  sound  of  the  words,  nothing  is 
effected  by  translation.  Seri  +  sapia  =  xero  +  phagi ;  seri  and 
xero  sound  alike,  while  sapio  ('  to  taste ')  suggests  the  Greek 
root  phag,  '  to  eat.'  Contu  +  melia  =  contus  (cuiii)  melo.  Note 
that  malum,  '  apple,'  could  be  pronounced  melum,  and  that  all 
the  romance  derivatives  show  the  e ;  Archiv  Lat.  Lex.  iii.  528; 
vi.  438. — porri  :  this  is  the  porrwn  sectile  (Friedl. ;  Mart.  iii. 
47,  8);  sectile  is  from  seco ;  Jlagello  secare  is  a  common  phrase; 
thus  it  is  that  porri  suggests  Jiagellum ;  as  joer-siCA  does  cultrum. 
—  canale  :  the  sound  suggests  canis ;  the  sense  of  the  latter  sug- 
gests lepus.  Pedale  suggests  the  sandal  (solea)  and  this  the  fish 
solea;  cf.  Plant.  Cas.  495;  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  13.  —  sexcenta  : 
'  thousands  of  others  of  this  sort.'     Indef.  numeral. 


57.  discumbebat :  this  is  the  guest  who  explained  the 
'Carpe'  pun;  36,  16;  from  59,  2  it  is  seen  that  his  name  is 
Hermeros.  —  vervex :  a  common  term  of  reproach ;  so  Plant. 
Merc.  567,  Itane  vero,  verbex?  intro  eas  ?  cf.  Juv.  10,  50,  Verve- 
cum  in  patria.  These  two  chapters,  in  which  Hermeros  does 
some  severe  scolding,  are  full  of  "bad  names."  —  domini  mei : 
like  '  boss '  or  '  old  man,'  used  by  certain  kinds  of  people  to-day 
in  addressing  or  alluding  to  their  superiors;  cf.  Friedl.  Sitteng. 
i.  443,  Uber  den  Gehrauch  der  Anrede  '•^domine"  im  gemeinen 
Lehen. — tutelam  .  .  .  propitiam :  'so  help  me  Heaven;'  cf 
44,  34,  and  75,  6;  In  trod.  p.  xxxix,  D,  2;  the  threatening  lan- 
guage continues  to  the  end  of  the  following  chapter.  On  propi- 
tiam, cf  Wilmanns,  Exemp.  Inscrip.,  nos.  251  and  252.  Tutela.  = 
genius ;  cf  74,  36  and  note  on  37,  6.  —  cluxissem :  '  shut  off 
his  blatting  nonsense' :  pleb.  for  clusissem  (=  clausissejn),  s  and 
x  being  interchangeable,  as  in  serisapia  =  xerophagi,  56,  18. — 
bellum  pomum  :  sarcasm  is  added  to  vituperation  and  threats. 
Rideatur ;  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  3.  Neue,  Formenlehre,  II.  86. — 
ad  summam :  here,  as  in  chap.  37,  where  Hermeros  was  the 
speaker,  ad  summam  is  a  favorite  phrase.  So  quid  si  non  with 
Seleucus,  chap.  42 ;  itaque  with  Ganymedes,  chap.  44.  —  vermes 


NOTES.     CHAP.   57,  LINES   ia-26.  105 

nascuntur :  'under  proper  conditions  anything  will  happen.* 
On  the  speaker's  ferocious  temper,  cf.  58,  12.  —  fetum  .  .  . 
lamna :  '  did  his  father  have  to  buy  his  precious  kid  with 
money? '  On  lamna  =  '  money,'  cf.  Mart.  ix.  22,  6,  aurea  lamna ; 
so  Hor.  Od.  ii.  2,  2;  cf.  lamellulas,  below,  1.  30  and  58,  25. — 
eques  Romanus  :  he  had  seen  the  gold  rings  on  Ascyltus's 
finger :  in  58,  33  he  contemptuously  calls  them  annulos  huxeos. 

—  homo  inter  homines:  cf  39,  9  and  Suet.  Nero,  31,  quasi 
hominem  habitare,  where  homo  implies  the  dignity  of  manhood. 
Hermeros  probably  had  royal  blood  in  his  veins,  if,  like  Trim., 
he  came  from  the  Orient.  To  make  his  way  in  the  world,  he 
sells  himself  into  slavery  at  Kome  and  thus  being  attached  to 
to  some  influential  Roman,  he  becomes  at  last  a  libertus,  a  civis 
Romanus.  To  have  remained  at  home  in  the  conquered  prov- 
ince would  have  subjected  him,  as  a  tributarius.  to  the  degrading 
poll-tax,  as  it  was  levied  throughout  Egypt,  Judea,  and  Persia. 
As  a  slave,  he  had  to  do  many  things  operto  capite,  now  he  can 
walk  anyw^here  aperto  capite  and  feel  no  shame.  —  redde  quod 
debes  :  he  does  not  owe  a  red  copper  to  anybody ;  he  has 
never  had  a  summons  served  on  him;  cf.  Ovid,  Ars  Am.  iii. 
449,  redde  meum,  toto  voce  boanti  foro:  so  Sen.  De  Ben.  iii.  14, 
aequissima  vox  est,  ius  gentium  prae  se  ferens,  redde  quod  debes ; 
St.  Matt,  xviii.  28,  '  pay  me  that  thou  owest.' — ventres  pasco: 
having  got  a  little  cash  on  hand,  he  keeps  up  a  goodly  estab- 
lishment; cf.  Sen.  Epis.  17,3,  facile  est  pascere  paucos  ventres. — 
sevir  gratis:  'I  was  made  commissioner  of  the  Augustates  with 
rebate  of  fees.'  Sevir  and  seviratus  occur  outside  of  Petronius 
only  in  inscriptions,  as  in  C.I.L.  II.  1934.  Cf  Wilmanns,  Indices. 
On  the  functions  of  these  men,  cf  note  on  30,  8.  —  peduclum : 
cf  the  circumstance  which  prompted  Burns  to  write : 

"  O  wad  some  power  the  giftie  gie  us 
To  see  oursels  as  ithers  see  us  ; 

It  wad  frae  mony  a  blunder  free  us  an'  foolish  notion. 
What  airs  in  dress  an'  gait  wad  lea'e  us  an'  ev'n  devotion." 


106       NOTES.      CHAP.   57,  LINE   27;    CHAP.   58,   LINE  4. 

YoY  pediculum,  whence  Ital.  pidocchio ;  Span,  piojo.  Cic.  writes, 
Tusc.  iii.  30,  73,  est  eiiim  proprium  stultitiae  aliorum  vitia  cernere, 
ohlivisci  suorum.  —  ridiclei  :  Introd.  p.  xxxiii,  B,  3.  —  maior 
natus :  Gildersleeve-Lodge,  296,  5;  the  usual  numeral  is 
omitted.  —  lacticulosus  :  ^  a  mamma's  pet,  you  dare  not  say- 
boo,  you're  cracked.'  More  scolding.  On  the  form,  cf.  such 
formations  as  somniculosus,  meticulosus.  With  mu  argutas,  cf. 
Lucilius  (ed.  Lachmann),  1138,  non  laudare  hominem  quenquam 
nee  mu  facere  unquam.  In  i.  6,  7,  Propert.  has  the  active,  ilia 
mihi  tods  argutat  noctibus  ignes.  On  lorus  in  aqua,  cf.  Mart.  vii. 
58,  3,  madidoque  simillima  loro  inguina.  On  vasus  fctilis,  cf. 
Cic.  Ad.  Att.  vi.  1,  13,  vasis  fictilibus.  —  iidem  meaiu  malo  : 
repeats  11.  19  and  20 ;   the  challenge  is  repeated   in   58,  29. 

—  puer  capillatus  :  so  Ganymedes  of  himself,  44,  9  and  12, 
and  Trim,  of  himself,  75,  24.  —  basilica  non  erat  facta :  Introd. 
p.  XX,  n.  —  maiiesto  et  dignitosso :  'majestful  and  dignifer- 
ous ' ;  a  labored  pompousness ;  on  the  formation  of  dignitosso, 
cf.  succossi,  38,  13.  Adj.  in  -osus  from  nouns  in  -ias  are  rare.  — 
hac  iliac :  asyndeton  as  in  minus  plus,  52,  2 ;  cf.  Ter.  Heaut. 
512. — genio  illius  gratias  :  'thanks  to  his  honor' ;  cf.  37,  6. — 
athla  =  perlcula :  note  the  large  number  of  Greek  words  and 
forms  which  Hermeros  employs  in  this  and  the  following 
chapter. 


58.    Qui  ad  pedes  stabat:  as  pedisequus ;  cf  26,  10;  Giton 

played  the  part  not  unwillingly ;  he  is  the  deliciae  of  Ascyltus. 
It  may,  indeed,  be  that  the  Satirae  was  a  love  tale  after  the  Mile- 
sian style,  with  Giton  taking  the  place  of  the  usual  heroine. 
On  the  pedisequus,  cf.  Sent.  Calig.  26,  and  Senec.  De  Benef.  iii.  27, 
1,  servus  qui  cenanti  ad  pedes  steterat;  so  Mart.  xii.  87,  and  iii. 
23.  —  caepa  cirrata:  'you  frizzled  onion';  he  was  a  curly- 
headed  youngster;  hence  below,  1.  18,  'those  cheap  baby  locks.' 
In  Pers.  i.  29,  cirrati  —  '  schoolboys ' ;  cf.  Mart.  ix.  29,  7,  cirrata 
caterva  magistri.     Again  more  scolding,  sarcasm,  bragging,  and 


NOTES.     CHAP.  58,  LINES  5-20.  107 

threats.  —  io  Saturnalia:  'merry  Christmas!'  This,  of  course, 
is  more  sarcasm.  Cf.  C.I.L.  IV.  2005%  with  facsimile,  reading 
Saturnina  \  Io  Saturnalia;  and  Mart.  xi.  2,  5,  clamant  ecce  mei 
'  Io  Saturnalia '  versus  |  et  licet  et  sub  te  praeside,  Nerva,  lihet.  — 

December  est:  cf.  30,  11.  —  vicesimam:  the  payment  of  5% 
of  the  slave's  value,  to  be  made  by  him  or  his  master  at  manu- 
mission. In  71,  6,  Trim,  promises  a  slave  his  liberty  with  a 
present  of  the  vicesima.  —  corvorum  cibaria  :  cf.  Hor.  Epist.  i. 
16,  48;  Sat.  i,  3,  82;  ii.  7,  47.  —  curabo  :  ut  is  regularly  omitted 
after  euro  in  the  Serm.  Pleb.  in  the  Cena;  so  in  Cic.  Ad  fam. 
ii.  8,  1;  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  6,  38.  —  satur  fiam:  'may  I  starve  if  I'm 
not  keeping  cool  just  to  oblige  Trim.'  —  depresentiarum ;  'on 
the  spot';  cf  74,  44.  The  word  belongs  to  the  Sermo  Pleb.; 
for  the  usual  impraesentiarum.  We  have  this  same  plebeian 
word  in  the  Vulgate,  Gen.  1.  20  ;  Levit.  viii.  34,  =  '  as  it  is 
this  day,'  'as  he  hath  done  this  day,'  —  isti  nugae  :  sc.  sunt, 
'  they  are  a  poor  lot.'  So  Cic.  says  of  Pompey,  that  his  friends 
are  merae  nugae  :  Ad  A  it.  vi.  3,  5.  —  qualis  dominus  •  a  Greek 
proverb,  ounrep  r)  hicnvotva,  rota  ■)(r]  kvwv.  Cic.  gives  the  first  part 
in  Ad  Att.  v.  11,  5.  —  caldicerebrius  :  cf,  however,  57,  3  and 
11.  —  in  publicum:  Introd.  p.  xxxviii,  E,  3.  —  terrae  tuber: 
'toad-stool.'  In  southern  Italy  they  still  call  a  dullard  tar-tufulo. 
From  this  comes  the  Eng.  'truffles.'  —  nee  sursum  nee  deor- 
sum:  'I  don't  grow  {i.e.,  may  I  not  grow^)  another  inch  up  or 
down,'  etc.  The  redundant  neg.,  and  the  inappropriateness  of 
deorsum,  betray  the  hot  anger  of  Hermeros.  On  the  use  of 
sursum  and  deorsum  together,  cf.  Ter.  Eun.  278,  ne  sursum  deor- 
sum cursites.  —  rutae  folium:  cf  note  on  37,  19.  —  parsero  : 
Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  1,  and  Neue,  Formenl.  II.  368.  Plant,  prefers 
this  form  of  the  perfect  stem.  —  longe  sit  comula:  so  Caes. 
Bell.  Gall.  i.  36,  si  id  nan  fecissent,  longe  iis  fraternum  nomen 
pop.  Rom.  afuturum.  —  venies  sub  dentem  :  'yes,  yes,  I'll  chew 
you  up.'  So  Gellius,  Noc.  Att.  vi.  9,  4,  in  quoting  Laberius, 
sitnvJ  sub  dentes  mulieris  veni  bis,  ter  momordit.  —  barbam  auream : 
'though  you  be  one  of  the  gilded  gods.'     This  interpretation  is 


108  NOTES.     CHAP.  58,  LINES  21-28. 

confirmed  by  Persiiis,  2,  58 ;  Cic,  Nat.  Deor.  iii.  34,  says  that 
Dionysius  Aesculupii  Epidaurii  barbam  nuream  demi  iussit,  since 
it  was  not  right  for  the  son  (Aesculapius)  to  have  a  beard  when 
the  father  was  beardless  in  all  his  temples.  —  te  XrjptiiSrj  fecit : 
*  who  (by  his  neglect)  has  made  a  babbler  out  of  you.'  This  hits 
Ascyltos  and  the  remainder  of  Hermeros's  scolding  is  directed 
at  him.  —  alogias  menias  :  'senseless  follies.'  —  lapidarias  lit- 
eras :  '  I  can  read  capital  letters  on  the  stones.'  Books,  in 
uncials  or  cursives,  would  be  beyond  him.  The  lapidary,  or 
stone  cutter,  is  an  opifex  quadratarius ;  hence  his  letters  are 
litterae  quadratae.  Hiibner,  Exemp.  Inscrip.  p.  xxiii,  where  this 
passage  is  cited.  —  partes  centum  dico:  'I  can  give  the  hun- 
dredth of  any  sum  in  asses,  pounds,  and  sesterces.'  He  believes 
he  has  elementary  knowledge  enough  for  practical  business. 
Like  kings  and  nobles  of  mediaeval  times,  he  leaves  writing 
and  polite  reading  to  men  of  books.  The  subdivision  of  the  as 
is  important,  since  interest  was  probably  indicated  in  terms  of 
the  as,  both  it  and  the  year  being  duodecimally  divided.  As  a 
man,  he  is  naturally  further  advanced  than  Echion's  son,  46,  10, 
who  quatuor  partes  dicit,  or  Trim.'s  slave,  75,  9,  qui  decern  partes 
dicit,  though  this  latter  librum  ab  oculo  legit.  —  ego  et  tu  :  sc. 
faciamus.  Hermeros  wishes  to  bet  that  he  can  rout  all  of 
Ascyltos's  learning  by  a  single  question  in  the  form  of  a  riddle. 

—  qui  de  nobis  longe  venio :  'who  of  us  am  I  who  go  far  and 

wide?  Guess  me  if  you  can.  I'll  add  more:  who  of  us  runs  and 
leaves  not  his  place?  who  of  us  grows  and  yet  becomes  small?' 
Biich.  calls  these  three  questions  aenigmata  de  pede.,  oculo,  capillo. 
Friedl.  quotes  a  doubtful  and  labored  solution,  taken  from  spin- 
ning and  weaving.  The  last  two  questions  are  a  dialogue  be- 
tween the  wool  and  the  spindle,  this  latter  continually  spinning 
on  its  axis,  while  the  former  is  ever  diminished  on  the  distaff 
and  increased  on  the  spindle.  The  first  question  has  to  do  with 
weaving  single-colored  cloths,  the  rhythm  of  the  machine  sug- 
gesting that  of  the  words.  The  same  kind  of  yarn  would  be 
used  for  woof  and  web.     Thus  the  thread  in  the  one  says  to 


NOTES.     CHAP.  58,  LINE  31;    CHAP.  59,  LINE  5.       109 

that  in  the  other,  "I  come  long  (m  the  web),  T  come  wide  (in 
the  woof),  now  take  me  off  the  machine."  Pkitarch,  Quaest. 
Conviv.  V.  pref.  5.,  says  that  <f)opTLKol  kol  d^iAoAoyot  indulge 
in  this  form  of  amusement  at  table ;  yet  Trim.,  39,  8,  took  it 
to  be  '  philology.'  —  tanquam  mus  in  matella  :  utter  helpless- 
ness ;  so  Plaut.  Casin.  140,  turn  tu  furcifer  \  quasi  mus  in  medio 
pariete  vorsahere.  —  molestare  :  rare  even  in  church  Latin,  and 
found  in  glosses  only  as  a  translation  of  evoxAeco.  —  qui  te  ua- 
tum  non  putat:  'who  isn't  conscious  of  your  existence.'  Mart, 
has  this  proverbial  phrase  in  x.  27,  Nemo  tamen  natum  te,  Dio- 
dore,  putat;  viii.  64,  Natum  te,  Clyte,  nee  semel  putabo.  So  Sen. 
Apocolocyntosis,  3,  2,  nemo  enim  unquam  ilium  natum  putavit. 
Aristophanes,  Wasps,  558,  05  l/x'  ov8'  av  ^tuvr'  vySetv. — nisi  si: 
of.  note  on  57,  14.  —  Occuponem  :  'holy  profit ! '  This  is  one  of 
those  popular  deities  {indigitamenta),  which  Roman  religion 
could  and  did  easily  create,  a  help  in  trade  and  commerce, 
whose  presence  and  power  were  felt  the  more  closely,  as  their 
spheres  became  more  specific.  They  were  appealed  to  therefore 
with  all  the  greater  faith.  On  the  form  of  the  name,  cf.  Incuho, 
38,  16  and  Cerdo,  60,  28.  —  hoc  ferrum :  Hermeros  raises  his 
hand  and  flaunts  his  iron  ring  in  the  face  of  Ascyltus  who,  as  a 
Roman  eques,  wore  a  gold  ring.  He  harps  again,  as  above  in  57, 
19,  on  his  business  success  and  soundness.  —  ut  populus  iuret : 
'  that  people  will  swear  by  my  funeral  as  the  model  one.'  Cf. 
the  wish  of  Trim,  in  78,  5.  —  toga  perversa:  -with  your  toga 
all  about  your  ears,'  i.e.,  in  wild  disorder.  —  maiorem  maledi- 
cas  :  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  A.  —  mera  mapalia  :  '  and  their  studies 
are  simple  nonsense.'     See  Critical  Appendix. 


59.  Suaviter  sit  potius  :  '  let's  have  things  pleasant.'  Cf. 
75,  17;  the  combination  suaviter  esse  occm's  in  early  Lat.  and 
occasionally  in  inscriptions. —  adulescentulo  :  Ascyltus.  —  san- 
guen  .  .  .  fervet  :  cf.  57,  11.  The  form  sanguen  occurs  in 
early  and  in  patristic  Lat. ;  Neue,  Formenl.  I.  p.  243 ;  Ronsch, 
Itala,  p.    272.  —  qui   vincitur  .  .  .  vincit :    so   Publilius,    398 


110  NOTES.     CHAP.  59,  LINES  6-23. 

(ed.  Ribbeck),  non  vincitur  sed  vine  It  qui  cedit  suis ;  Ovid,  Art. 
Am.  ii.  197,  cedendo  victor  abibis.  Cf.  Otto,  Sprichworter,  p. 
371.  —  cocococo  :  the  word  expresses  the  rooster's  crow;  sc. 
faciebas.  The  common  verb  is  cucurro.  —  cor  non  habebas  : 
cor  =  judgment ;  so  Plant.  Pseud.  769,  tiunc  corde  consjAcio  meo. 
The  double  use  of  et  tu  shows  that  Trim,  is  acting  as  peace-  ^ 
maker.  He  says,  "you,  H.,  spare  the  young  fellow,  and  thus 
be  the  victor;  as  for  you  (Asc.)  when  you  were  an  innocent 
chick  you  crowed  well,"  etc.  —  Homeristas  :  found  but  once 
elsewhere.  It  appears  in  glosses  among  words  pertaining  to 
the  theatre ;  these  persons  are  therefore  presumably  actors,  not 
mere  reciters,  who  give  scenes  in  costume  from  Homer.  —  The 
prelude  hastis  scuta  cuncrepuit,  suggests  Iliad,  iv.  447  ff., 

(TjJv  p  €^a\ov  pivoi/s  aiiv  5'  e7xea  Kal  fj.4v€   avbpdv 
Xa^iceodujpi^Kuv,  drap  dcTTrides  oixcpakbecrcTat 
eir\T]VT'  dWrjXrjai,  iroXiis  5'  dpvp.aydbs  opcbpeiu. 

So  Livy,  xxvii.  29,  Exercitus  gladiis  ad  scuta  concrepuit.  — 
consedit :  'sat  up.' — at  insolenter  solent :  the  paronomasia 
produces  a  pun ;  Cic.  seems  to  attempt  the  same  in  De  Tnven- 
tione,  i.  28,  43,  natura  eius  evenire  vulgo  soleat  an  insolenter  et 
vara.  What  Trim,  intoned  from  his  Lat.  book,  as  the  Homer- 
istae  prepared  for  their  performance,  may  have  been  some 
parody  upon  a  scene  in  the  Trojan  cycle ;  possibly  it  is  the 
insanity  of  Ajax,  which  he  is  producing  in  the  jumbled  account 
that  follows.  —  lance  ducenaria  :  '  a  dish  weighing  200  pounds,' 
=  64.4  kilograms.  The  weight  was  engraved  upon  it,  as 
upon  the  lances  in  31,  22.  Plin.  gives  an  account,  in  Nat.  Hist. 
xxxiii.  139-150,  of  the  development  of  the  use  of  silver  service 
in  the  last  century  of  the  Republic.  The  boiled  pig,  served 
upon  this  lanx,  is  the  principal  part  of  the  fourth  course  of  the 
cena  proper.  The  cakes  in  60,  12  also  belong  to  it.  —  versa  .  .  . 
supina :  these  either  agree  with  manu  to  be  supplied,  or  are 
ace.  of  the  inner  obj.  with  gesticulatus.  The  sense  is,  'hacking 
this  way  and  that.' 


NOTES.      CHAP.   60,  LIXES   1-20.  Ill 

60.  strophas  :  '  such  elegant  surprises.'  These  continue  the 
methodium  of  36,  10  and  the  catastropha  of  54,  12.  Sen.,  in 
Epist.  xxvi.  5,  speaks  of  the  day  -when,  remotis  strophis  ac  fucis, 
de  me  iudicaturus  sum.  The  word  is  commonly  plii. ;  but  Plin., 
Epist.  i.  18,  and  Mart.,  xi.  7,  4,  use  the  sing.  —  lacunaria  :  Vale- 
rius Maximus,  ix.  1,  5,  also  writes  of  movable  panels  in  describ- 
ing the  dinner  of  Metullus  Pius  :  demissasque  lacunaribus  aureas 
coronas.  Even  in  the  Middle  Ages  ceilings  were  constructed 
with  movable  panels.  —  descenderet :  with  reference  to  54,  2. 
—  novi  de  caelo :  like  a  deus  ex  machina.  The  spreading  of 
the  ceiling  had  probably  opened  the  dark  sky  to  their  gaze.  — 
coronae  .  .  .  cum  alabastris  :  though  wine  was  drunk  durinfj 
the  eating,  real  drinking  began  with  the  mensa  secunda,  now 
about  to  be  ushered  in,  or  later,  in  the  so-called  comissatio  graeco 
more,  during  which  crowns  and  ointment,  which  figure  in  early 
comedy,  were  distributed.  Cf.  Nep.  Ages,  viii.,  unguenta  coro- 
nas secundamque  mensam  servis  dispertiit :  Hor.  Od.  ii.  11.  14. 
Mart.,  X.  19,  20,  wants  his  poems  read  cum  regnant  rosa,  cum 
madent  capilli.  Cf.  below  65,  17.  —  Priapus  :  the  god  here 
shares  the  same  artistic  purpose  to  which  the  goddess  Flora  is 
put;  cf.  Baumeister,  Denkm.  Klass.  Alt.  p.  1108.  Both  are 
patrons  of  gardens  and  protectors  of  fruits.  —  pompam  :  'we 
snatched  too  eagerly  at  the  charming  display.'  So  Plaut.,  Capt. 
769  ff.  and  Stick.  683,  uses  this  word  of  the  tempting  array 
of  good  things  to  eat.  Cf.  Mart.  x.  31,3.  —  nova  ludorum 
missio  :  a  phrase  playfully  borrowed  from  the  amphitheatre  ; 
'a  new  event  on  the  programme.'  —  vexatione :  'pressure'; 
so  Ov.  Amor.  i.  14.  heu  male  vexatae  quanta  tulere  comae;  cf 
Mart.  xi.  89,  2.  —  religiose  apparatu  :  toward  the  end  of  the 
Republic,  oriental  trade  had  introduced  Asiatic  spices  into 
Rome,  and  these  gradually  took  the  place,  in  sacrifices,  of  the 
old  and  simple  offerings  of  milk  and  wine  and  first  fruits  of 
cattle  and  land.  —  Augusto  .  .  .  feliciter  :  this  has  its  coun- 
terpart in  the  modern  ceremony  at  banquets  of  standing  and 
drinking  in  silence  to  the  health,  or  in  memory,  of  some  dis- 
tinguished person.     It  is  the  veneratio  genii  Augusti,  a  ceremony 


112  NOTES.     CHAP.  60,  LINES  23-30. 

which  developed  out  of  his  deification.  It  grew  to  be  a  custom 
to  place  the  image  of  his  genius  beside  the  lares  conipitales,  to 
observe  his  birthday  as  a  holiday,  and  to  take  one's  solemn 
oath  by  his  genius.  Roscher,  Myth.  Lex.  i.  p.  1617  ;  Baumeister, 
i.  p.  593;  Preller,  Rom.  Myth.  p.  571.  The  ceremony  commonly 
came  during  the  mensa  secunda  and  with  the  worship  of  the 
lares,  as  here  in  Petr.,  though  he  places  both  acts  during  the 
mensa  prima,  which  continues  until  the  end  of  chap.  67.  Cf. 
Hor.  Od.  iv.  5,  31,  hinc  ad  vina  red  it  laetus  et  alteris  \  te  mensis 
adhihet  deum,  .  .  .  laribus  tuum  \_Augusti]  miscet  numen.  Since 
Tiberius  refused  to  be  styled  pater  patriae,  the  Augustus  here 
referred  to  must  be  Claudius  or  Nero.  Introd.  p.  xx.  —  mappas 
implevimus :  mappae  were  employed  not  only  as  napkins,  but 
as  wrappers  in  which  to  tie  up  and  take  home  the  tidbits  and 
gifts  received  at  a  dinner  as  apophoreta.  Guests,  therefore, 
frequently  provided  their  own  mappae.  Cf.  Hor.  Epis.  i.  5,  21 ; 
Mart.  xii.  29,  21  and  viii.  59,  7.  —  succincti  tunicas :  on  the 
construction;   cf.  Verg.  Aen.  ii.  511,  ferrum  inutile  \  cingitur. 

—  Lares  bullatos  :  images  of  the  household  gods  with  amulets 
about  their  necks.  Bullatos  is  a  participial  adj.  in  -atus  like 
prasinatus,  28,  18,  ruhricatus,  46,  22.  The  old  name  of  the 
first  line  of  the  legionary  maniple  (hastati)  shows  how  thor- 
oughly Latin  such  adjectives  are.  For  a  lar  hullatus,  engraved 
upon  the  side  of  an  altar  found  at  Caere,  see  Baumeister,  p.  76, 
under  amulet.  —  Cerdonem  .  .  .  Felicionem  .  .  .  Lucrionem  : 
'  Business,  Luck,  Gain.'  These  are  Trim.'s  three  guardian 
angels  and  very  close  to  him  in  all  his  concerns,  as  Occupo  is  to 
Hermeros;  cf.  58,  33  and  the  note. — verani  imaginem  :  cf 
Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  pp.  262-267  and  the  illustrations,  pp.  263 
and  265.  Placing  the  lares  upon  the  table  together  with  the 
image  of  Trim,  indicates  that  the  mensa  prima  is  at  an  end ;  the 
ceremony  created  a  pause,  during  which  there  was  silence  while 
an  offering  was  made,  of  which  the  salsa  mola  formed  part. 
This  was  the  ancient  rite  at  formal  dining;  a  prayer  was  also 
made,  both  at  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  mensa  prima. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  61,  LINES  1-22.  113 

61.  bonam  valitudinem :  this  is  the  prayer  in  connection 
with  the  worship  of  the  la7'es,  with  which  the  mensa  prima  should 
end.  That  it  does  not  do  so  until  chap.  68,  is  due  to  the  stories 
which  now  follow  and  the  unceremonious  entrance  of  Habinnas. 
Pi-ayers  for  good  health  of  mind  and  body  were  frequent.  Cf. 
Petr.  chap.  88;  Sen.  Epis.  x.  4;  so  Juv.  10,  356;  mens  sana  in 
corpore  sano.  Hor.  Od.  i.  31,  17-19.  —  suavius  esse  :  'you  used 
to  be  better  dinner  company.'  Repeated  in  64,  7  ;  cf.  42,  19.  — 
muttis  :  generally,  as  here,  modified  by  a  neg.,  and  used  of 
human  sounds ;  so  in  Ennius,  Plant.,  and  Terence.  In  the  Vul- 
gate it  is  used  of  dogs.  —  sic  felicem  me  videas:  'if  you  want 
to  see  me  happy.'  "The  favor  is  asked  in  the  name  of  that 
which  the  grantor  of  the  favor  would  most  desire."  Cf.  Ovid, 
Amoves,  iii.  6,  20  (sic  aeternus  eas)  lahere  Jine  tuo ;  so  Verg.  Eel. 
ix.  30,  and  x.  4;  Hor.  Od.  i.  3, 1.  —  dissilio :  the  commoner  verb 
in  this  usage  is  rumpi  or  Jindi;  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  314,  and  Suet. 
Nero.  41.  —  viderint:    'let  that  be  their  lookout;'    cf.  62,  34. 

—  haec  ubi  dicta  dedit:  a  stock  phrase  found  as  early  as 
Lucilius  (cf.  ed.  Miiller,  p.  3),  haec  uhi  dicta  dedit.  pausam  facit 
ore  loquendi ;  so  Verg.  Aen.  i.  81,  and  ii.  790.  —  quomodo  dii 
volunt :  so  76.  2.  This  was  the  common  reply  to  the  question, 
quomodo  res  tuae?  omnia  bene?  —  bacciballum :  'a  most  plump 
and  lovable  girl.'  The  word  is  of  uncertain  derivate  and  mean- 
ing, 'ad  plenam  et  rotundam  formam  spectans '  (Blich.).  It 
may  be  connected,  in  derivation,  with  bacca,  or  with  sarabcdlum, 
a  vase  with  a  good  round  and  broad  bottom.  —  fefellitus  sum: 
this  form  of  the  participle  may  be  due  to  Greek  influence,  being 
analogous  with  the  Greek  perf.  pass.  part,  in  its  reduplication. 
It  is  probably  because  Greek  diminutives  are  neut.  that  statun- 
culum  is  used  in  50,  17,  for  the  fem.  form.  —  per  scutum  .  .  . 
ocream  :  'I  tried  by  hook  and  by  crook.'  A  gladiatorial  phrase. 
Cf  Sen.  Ques.  Natur.  4,  praef.  5,  per  ornamenta  feriet,  and  Epist. 
xiv.  15,  per  ornamenta  percussus  est.  —  aginavi :  found  only  here 
and  in  glossaries ;  cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  14.  It  is  a  denom.  from 
agina,  'the  beam  of  a  balance,"'  or  'the  balance'  itself.     Hence 


11  J:       NOTES.     CHAP.  61,  LINE  23;    CHAP.  62,  LINE  7. 

the  verb  would  refer  originally  to  the  bustling  activity  of  the 
retail  dealer  continually  weighing  out  things,  cf.  Heraeus ;  or  to 
the  quivering  of  the  balance  beam  in  coming  to  equilibrium,  cf. 
Hayley,  in  Harvard  Classical  Stud.  vii.  p.  217.  The  word  then 
comes  to  mean  '  to  hasten,'  festinare,  BuxTrpdaao/xaL,  meanings 
clearly  recognized  by  Du  Cange  and  given  in  th^  glossaries,  as 
quoted  by  both  Heraeus  and  Hayley.  —  in  angustiis  amici:  so 
Eurip.  Hec.  1226,  iv  to'l<;  KaKoTs  yap  aya^ot  cra^ecrraTot  <^tAot; 
cf.  Cic.  De  amic.  xvii.  64  (quoting  Ennius),  amicus  certus  in  re 
incerta  cernitur. 


62.  scruta  scita  expedienda:  'to  despatch  some  small 
business  of  his.'  The  noun  is  rare ;  it  occurs  in  Lucilius,  p.  142, 
1.  77  (Ribbeck),  scruta  .  .  .  ut  vendat  scrutarius  laudat;  so  Hor. 
Epist.  i.  7,  65,  villa  vendentem  tunicato  scruta  popello.  —  Orcus : 
'hell.'  Cf.  Solomon's  Song,  viii.  6,  'for  love  is  strong  as  death.' 
—  apoculamus :  'we  hasten  forth.'  This  word  appears  only 
here  and  in  67,  5;  its  derivative  and  meaning  are  uncertain. 
Can  it  be  d  privative  +  poculum,  analogous  to  drt/aaco,  and  = 
'we  push  our  cups  from  us'?  This  derivative  w^ould  suit  both 
passages  in  which  the  word  appears.  Biich.  takes  it  from  ciTro- 
KaXelv,  the  syllable  -cul-  being  explained  as  epenthetical,  as  in 
nomen-cul-ator,  from  calare.  Its  first  use  would  be  seen  in  such 
a  sentence  as  dominus  apoculat  servum,  =  'calls  off  (to  himself).' 
From  this  would  then  be  developed  servus  se  apoculat, '  the  slave 
answers  the  call.'  Forcellini  (see  Class.  Rev.  vi.  p.  117)  suggests 
(XTroKvAteiv,  ^  to  bowl  off,'  '  roll  away '  as  the  source  of  this  word. 
— gallicinia:  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  i.  1,  10,  sub  galli  cantu. — intra  moni- 
menta :  the  streets  leading  from  any  large  town  were  generally 
lined  on  both  sides  with  monuments  of  the  dead.  Hence  the 
oft-recurring  words  in  epitaphs,  '  Stay,  traveller,  as  you  pass  by.' 
Cf  71,  46,  and  the  note  on  the  same.  On  the  asyndeton,  cf. 
Introd.  p.  xlii,  G,  2.  —  homo  meus :  so  below,  1.  31,  mens  miles; 
cf.  Phaedr.  v.  7,  32,  homo  meus;  Juv.  13,  244,  noster  per /id  us, 
Theoc.  xiv.  30,  tov  ifxbv  Avkov.  —  ad  stelas  facere  :  '  made  for 


NOTES.      CHAP.   62,  LINES  7-32.  115 

the  tombstones.'  On  facio  in  this  sense,  cf.  Ter,  Phorm.  635, 
haec  hinc  facessat,  and  the  schol.  pro  '■hinc  se  facial'  id  est 
abeat,  ut  ^huc  se  facial*  hue  accedat  significat.  —  cantabundus  : 
the  only  adj.  of  this  formation  in  Petr.,  nor  does  this  word 
occur  elsewhere.  Adj.  in  -bundus  are  found  not  only  in  comedy 
but  among  the  best  w^riters,  especially  Livy ;  cf.  Cooper,  Word 
Formalion,  p.  92.  —  anima  in  naso  esse:  'my  heart  was  in  my 
mouth.'  So  in  Greek,  '  KpaStrj  8e  pivo?  a;^ts  |  ave/Saive,'  quoted 
by  Otto,  Sprichw.  p.  238.  —  donee  .  .  .  pervenirem :  the  only 
instance  of  the  subjunc.  with  donee  in  Petr.  —  larua  :  cf  44, 10. 

—  animam  ebullivi  :  cf  42,  6.  —  per  bifurcum  :  'down  my 
crotch.'  The  lex.,  agreeing  with  Forcellini's  seu  polius  per  in- 
feriorem  maxillarum  partem  ad  gulam,  renders  '  over  the  cheeks 
down  to  the  neck.'  —  oculi  mortui  :  '  my  eyes  were  shut ' ;  i.e., 
fixed  and  glazed  as  though  he  were  dead ;  cf  68,  26.  AVhen  he 
hears  the  rest  of  the  tale,  he  is  afraid  to  shut  his  eves.  —  Gai 
nostri :  according  to  FriedL,  this  is  Pompeius  the  jmtronus  of 
Trim,  and  all  his  conliberti  at  the  dinner ;  cf.  71, 41 ;  30, 7 ;  38,  20. 

—  copo  compilatus  :  'like  the  landlord  after  his  bi]!.'  —  bovis : 
cf.  lovis,  58,7;  Neue,  Formenl.  I.  p.  293. — versipellem :  he 
was  a  '  constitutional  werwolf '  {cf  Kirby  F.  Smith,  The  Wer- 
wolf Puplic.  Mod.  Lang.  Ass'n,  New  Ser.  ii.  pp.  1  ff.),  making 
his  transformation  whenever  and  wherever  he  wills,  not  invol- 
untarily because  of  charms  or  by  the  use  of  salves  or  any  magic. 
The  story  of  the  werwolf  is  found  in  Greek  as  well  as  in  Celtic 
and  Germanic  literatures.  As  told  by  Niceros,  it  preserves  a 
unique  and  decidedly  ancient  character.  Cf  Baring-Gould, 
Book  of  Werwolves ;  Pischel,  Zu  Pelron.  62,  Abhandlungen  fur 
M.  Hertz,  pp.  69  ff.  "  The  one  necessary  preliminary  to  trans- 
formation consists,  simply,  in  taking  off  all  the  clothes.  The 
return  to  the  human  shape  depends  upon  repossession,  intact, 
of  the  same  garments  M^hich  were  taken  off.  The  safe  keeping 
of  those  garments  during  the  interim  becomes  a  vital  matter. 
It  was  solely  for  this  purpose  that  the  soldier  uses  his  one  piece 
of  magic;  it  had  nothing  to  do  with  his  transformation  proper." 


116       NOTES.     CHAP.  62,  LINE  34;    CHAP.  63,  LINE  8. 

In  Hhidostan,  as  in  Italy,  "  circummicturifion  was  supposed  to 
charm  one  fast.  The  following  is  the  end  of  an  ancient  Indian 
formula  quoted  by  Pischel :  O  Knecht,  du  bist  umharnt,  wohin 
wirst  du  umharnt  gehen  ? "  (K.  F.  Smith.)  With  this,  c/.  57, 10. 
—  exopinissent :  Fr.  exoplnisso,  one  of  the  class  of  formations 
in  -izOf  -isso  (^-esso)  to  which  expetisso,  incipisso  (in  Plant.)  belong. 
On  the  same  model,  though  not  before  late  and  mediaeval  Latin, 
countless  verbs  in  -izo  like  pulverizo,  latinizo,  were  formed;  cf. 
Funck,  Archiv,  iii,  420.  —  genios  .  .  .  iratos  habeam:  cf.  74, 
37,  and  note  on  37,  6. 


63.  salvo  tuo  sermone  :  '  without  doubting  your  tale.'  On 
ut,  cf.  Crit.  Append.  —  linguosus  :  cf.  43,  9 ;  outside  of  Petr. 
this  word  appears  only  in  church  and  late  Latin.  —  nam  et 
ipse :  '  (but  two  can  take  a  hand  at  this)  for  I,'  etc. ;  cf.  38,  9 
and  note. —  asinus  in  tegulis :  either  Trim,  is  the  ass  on  the 
housetop,  i.e.,  a  sorry  hand  at  a  story  after  so  brilliant  an  exam- 
ple as  Niceros,  or  the  story  he  is  about  to  tell  is  to  be  as  "  hair- 
lifting,"  as,  e.g.,  such  a  prodigium  as  Livy  describes,  xxxvi.  37, 
hoves  duos  domitos  in  Carinis  per  scalas  pervenisse  in  tegulas  aedi- 
fcii  proditum  memoriae  est.  The  former  is  Otto's  conjecture, 
resting  on  the  fable  of  the  ass  {cf  Babrius,  125)  which  imitated 
a  monkey  in  climbing  to  the  roof  of  a  house,  without  getting 
the  praise,  however,  which  the  monkey  received.  —  vitam 
Chiam  gessi  :  '  I  led  a  pretty  gay  life ' ;  cf  75,  27.  The  shame- 
lessness  and  laughter  of  the  Chians  were  proverbial.  —  ipsimi 
nostri  :  '  our  master's  .'  Cf  69,  9  ;  75,  27,  where  the  explana- 
tory gloss,  domini,  has  slipped  into  the  text ;  cf  also  76,  2. 
So  Aristoph.  Plut.  83,  has  avrdraros.  Plant,  and  Afran.  have 
ipsissimus.  Its  use  originated  in  the  custom  of  slaves  calling 
the  master  ipse :  cf  29,  18,  Plant.  Cas.  790  and  Catullus  3,  7. 
The  old  Fr.  medesme,  Ital.  medesimo,  is  from  met  +  ipsijmis :  moi- 
meme  =  me  metipsum.  Cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  15,  —  omnium 
numerum  :  '  perfect  in  every  regard  ' ;  cf.  68,  24.  Integer  or 
absolutus  is  to  be  supplied.  —  misella  :  frequent  of  course  in 


NOTES.     CHAP.  63,  LINE  9;    CHAP.  64,  LINE  4.       117 

tombstone  inscript. ;  e.g.,  C.I.L.  VI.  20987.  —  tristimonio  :  rf. 
gaudimonio,  67,  7.  —  strigae  :  'the  witches.'  Their  mischiev- 
ous work  is  referred  to  again  in  134,  quae  striges  corned erunt 
nervos  tuos  aut  quod  purgamentum  node  calcasti  in  trivio  aut  cada- 
ver f  To  prevent  the  strigae  from  eating  out  the  heart  and 
vitals  of  children,  mothers  employed  remedies  like  garlic,  scat- 
tered through  the  children's  clothes,  or  placed  switches  of  haw- 
thorn in  the  windows.  —  Cappadocem  :  on  account  of  their 
strength,  Cappadocian  slaves  were  used,  like  those  from  Syria, 
for  carrying  the  lectica;  Mart.  vi.  77,  4.  —  audaculum :  a 
diminutive  of  pride  or  affection  ;  cf.  misella  above.  —  plane 
non  mentiar :  '  I  swear  I'm  not  lying.'  Plaice  here  as  in  41, 
28;  49,  17.  —  mala  manus :  this  suggests  the  saga  manus  of  an 
inscription  from  Verona,  reading  eripuit  me  saga  manus  crudelis 
ubique  \  cum  manet  in  terris  et  nocet  arte  sua.  —  amplexaret :  on 
the  form,  cf.  Introd.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  3;  cf.  Plant.  Poen.  1230. — 
manuciolum :  '  a  dummy.'  This  word  occurs  only  here.  It 
is  the  third  dim.  used  by  Trim,  in  this  story.  The  Ital. 
manucolo,  'bundle,'  is  derived  from  this  w^ord. — vavatonem  : 
probably  an  onomatopoeic  word  for  the  puling  baby,  from  vava, 
the  sound  the  baby  makes ;  or  it  may  be  a  reduplication  of  a  root 
vat,  having  the  same  force  as  vag  in  vagitus.  Cf.  Varro's  paral- 
lel between  Vaticanus  and  Vagitanus,  in  Gell.  Noct.  Att.  xvi.  17. 
If  the  parallel  stands,  vavato  would  =  "  baby,"  as  the  creature  that 
cries.  —  plussciae  :  '  they  know  too  much,'  and  so  are  uncanny. 


64.  Nocturnas :  '  night-hags.'  Nocturnus,  however,  is  the 
deity  which  presides  over  the  night ;  he  is  named  in  C.I.L.  V. 
4287 ;  III.  19.56 ;  Plant.  Amph.  272,  credo  ego  hac  noctu  Nocturnum 
obdormuisse  ebrium.  —  et  iam  sane  :  Btich.  and  Friedl.  hold  that 
a  break  occurs  here.  The  lamps,  which  must  have  been  lighted 
in  the  omitted  portion,  are  first  mentioned  here.  We  have  no 
mention  of  the  comissio  which  had  made  the  eyes  of  Encolpius 
swim.  Though  it  regularly  began  with  the  mensa  secunda,  which 
is  not  mentioned  before  chap.  68,  it  must  have  already  begun  at 


118       NOTES.     CHAP.  64,  LINE  7;    CHAP.  65,  LINE  1. 

this  point  in  the  narrative.  Cf,  the  end  of  64  and  67,  2,  where 
Fortunata  is  said  to  be  putting  away  the  silver  and  feeding  the 
remains  of  the  dinner  to  the  slaves.  —  tibi  dico  :  a  phrase  to 
attract  notice,  often  used  impatiently;  cf.  C.G.L.  III.  286,  50 
(dialogues  at  the  bath),  aKoXvOa.  rj/xLv  sequere  nos ;  crol  Xiyoi 
TTcpLKaOapfxa  tibi  dico  purgamentum.  Frequent  in  comedy;  see 
also  Anth.  Lat.  Epigr.  442,  2  (ed.  Biich.)  ;  Ov.  Met.  ix.  122. — 
diverbia  dicere  :  '  to  recite  scenes  ' ;  like  e.g.  the  modern  recit- 
ing of  scenes  from  Shakspere.  —  melica  canturire  :  the  singing 
of  the  lyric  parts  of  a  play.  Canturire  =  cantare,  desiderat.  in  form 
only;  it  is  explained  as  derived  from  the  nomen  agentis,  cantor. 

—  dulcis  caricae:  'ye  days  of  sweet  delight';  carica  is  strictly 
the  'dry  fig.'  —  tisicus  =  phthisicus.     He  sang  himself  hoarse. 

—  quid  tonstrinum  :  'what  about  my  great  barber  act?'  This 
suggests  modern  impersonation.  In  68,  20,  the  slave  of  Habin- 
nas  is  shown  to  be  able  to  give  a  great  variety  of  thern.  On  imi- 
tating the  barber,  cf.  Mart.  vii.  83  and  viii.  52.  —  Apelletem : 
Introd.  p.  XX,  note.  —  Croesum  :  cf.  28,  10.  —  admonitus 
officii  :  '  reminded  of  his  duty  to  his  own  dog.' —  praesidium  : 
cf.  Theophr.  Charac.  4  (quoted  by  Reinesius),  kol  top  Kvva 
TrpocTKaXtadixevos  kol  e7riAa/36/xei/os  tov  pvy^ovs  eiTreiv  ovto<; 
<fivXaTT€L  TO  )(u}ptov  KOL  Tr}v  OLKtav.  —  ut  cubaret :  the  command 
is  Cuba!  'lie  down,'  Fr.  couche.  Cf.  C.G.L.  VI.  290,  cubat  = 
rjpcfjid  B-qpCov.  This  verb  occurs  in  inscriptions  on  several  ca- 
nine graves,  C.I.L.  VI.  29896,  8  and  X.  659,4;  ^uoh.  Anth.  Lat. 
Epig.  1175  f.  The  first  dog  is  named  Margarita;  cf.  1.  29  below. 
Scylax  is  the  same  as  in  72, 15.  —  bucca  bucca,  C^not  sunt  hie  : 
'  probably  a  children's  game  in  which  one  of  them  was  blind- 
folded and  had  to  guess,  when  the  rest  struck  him  on  the  back, 
how  many  did  so ;  or  if  one  struck  him,  with  how  many  fingers 
it  was  done.'  —  camellam  :  cf  Gellius,  Nod.  Ait.  xvi.  7,  9; 
probably  =  gamella,  whence  Fr.  gamelle. 

65.    matteae :    probably  resembling  a  chicken  salad ;    here 
plainly  with  an  excess  of  chicken,  however.      It  was  usually 


NOTES.     CHAP.  65,  LINE  6;    CHAP.   66,  LINE  6.       119 

served  after  the  heavy  courses,  as  salads  are  served  to-day. — 
ova  pilleata  :  cf.  ex  farina  pingui  Jigurata,  33,  18.  —  lictor 
percussit  :  durmg  his  office,  each  sevir  was  allowed  a  lictor 
without  secures;  the  collegium  was  allowed  two.  —  praetorem  : 
so  far  as  we  know,  a  title  applied  at  this  time  only  at  Cumae 
to  designate  the  highest  official  in  that  part  of  Italy.  This 
fact  is  important  with  Friedl.  in  deciding  upon  Cumae  as  the 
place  of  the  Cena.  Cf.  Friedl.  Cena  Trimalchionis,  p.  6.  — 
nudos  pedes  :  the  shoes  had  been  removed  for  comfort.  Cf 
Piaut.  True.  367,  iam  rediit  animus^  deme  soleas,  cedo  hibam. 
In  72,  9,  Habinnas  goes  to  the  bath  nudis  pedibus.  —  prae- 
torio  loco  :  if  this  corresponds  to  the  usual  locus  consularis, 
it  would  be  the  third,  or  imus,  on  the  lectus  medius.  Mart., 
vi.  74,  1,  speaks  of  this  place;  cf  the  scene  in  Tac.  Annal.  iii. 
14,  where  Piso  and  Germanicus  are  reclining  at  this  place.  — 
novemdiale  =  novemdialis  cena.  After  a  person's  death,  there 
was  a  period  of  nine  days'  mourning,  followed  by  the  division 
of  his  estate  according  to  his  will,  and  the  sacrifcium  novem- 
diale to  his  manes.  Then  came  the  cena,  in  which  eggs,  lentils, 
and  salt  were  the  chief  part.  —  vioensimariis  .  .  .  mantissam  : 
'  he  has  a  big  bill  to  settle  with  the  receivers  of  the  manumis- 
sion tax.' — ossucula  =  ossicula :  so  in  C.I.L.  YI.  6  (from 
Rome),  qui  ossucula  mea  hie  sita  esse  gemis. 


66.  saviunculum  :  '  honeyed  cheese-cake  ' ;  probably  a  ple- 
beian diminutive  of  savillum  (Cato,  De  agricult.  84),  a  cheese-cake 
with  added  ingredients  of  poppy,  egg,  and  honey.  —  gizeria 
optime  facta :  '  giblets  splendidly  cooked.'  Gizeria  (Eng. 
gizard)  includes  the  heart,  liver,  lungs,  and  stomach ;  its 
older  spelling  is  gigeria.  It  reappears  in  old  Fr.  j'isier,  jui- 
sier;  Fr.  gesier.  Facta  here,  as  in  47,  29,  of  the  preparation 
of  dishes.  So  Mart.  xiii.  54.  —  autopyrum  :  '  unbolted  bread  ' ; 
lit.  'wheat  just  as  it  is.'  Plin.  N.H.  xxii.  25,  68,  §  138,  says  of 
it,  ad  omnia  aiitem  fermentatus  qui  vocatur  autopyrus  utilior.  On 
auto-,  cf.  avTo^vXov,  Soph.  Philoc.  35.  —  de  suo  sibi :   repeats 


120       NOTES.      CHAP.  66,  LINE  7;    CHAP.  67,  LINE  12. 

the  first  element  of  autopyrus,  sihi  emphasizing  suo,  as  in  Plaut. 
Trin.  156 ;  Cic.  Phil.  ii.  37,  96,  priusquam  tu  suum  sihi  venderes, 
ipse  possedit.  Cf.  Drager,  Hist.  Synt.  I.  p.  76  f .  —  mea  re  f acio  : 
cf.  47,  8.  —  scriblita  frigida  :  cf.  35,  9.  —  de  melle  .  .  .  tetigi : 
'  I  smeared  myself  generously  with  the  honey.'  On  the  con- 
struction, cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  38.  Tangere  comes  close  to 
the  sense  of  tingere  here;  cf.  note  on  tengomenas,  34,  22.  Usque: 
a  pure  adv.,  as  in  Plaut.  Poen.  692,  repleho  usque ;  Hor.  Sat.  i. 
2,  65.  —  calvae  :  '  filberts  ' ;  probably  the  frictas  nuces  of  Plaut. 
Poen.  326;    cf.  C.G.L.  VI.  170.  —  arbitratu  :    'as  one  chose.' 

—  domina  mea :  '  my  lady.'  In  speaking  of  her  husband's  gen- 
erosity. Scintilla  calls  him,  67,  26,  domini  mei ;  cf  57,  5.  It  is 
from  mea  domina  that  madame  is  derived.  In  Pompeian  graffiti, 
domina  appears  in  this  sense.  Friedl.,  "  tJber  den  gebrauch  der 
anrede  domine  im  gemeinen  leben,"  Sitteng.  i.  442.  —  ursina  : 
the  only  passage  in  Latin  literature  referring  to  the  eating  of 
bear's  meat;  Friedl.  In  C.G.L.  III.  316,  59,  apKva.  =  ursina,  in 
a  list  of  various  kinds  of  meats.  —  caseum  mollem  :  Hab.  here 
describes  the  mattea  with  which  Scissa's  dinner  had  ended.  The 
catillum  concacatum  was  probably  an  elaborate  dish  over  which 
a  meringue,  or  dressing,  had  been  poured.  It  may  have  been 
such  a  dish  as  Athenaeus  has  in  mind  in  647  c,  KctriAAo?  opva- 
Tos  6  Xc-yd/xevo?  Trapa  Pw/xatots.  —  pax  Palamedes  :  '  but  enough 
of  that.'  Why  Palamedes  is  named  is  obscure.  Pax  is  here  an 
interj.  silentium  imponens,  as  frequently  in  comedy ;  Brix,  Trin. 
891.  —  oxycomina  :  '  pickled  caraway.' —  peruae  missionem  : 
cf.  41,  8. 


67.  reliquias  .  .  .  diviserit :  this  she  would  do  at  the  close 
of  the  mensa  prima.  —  aquam  in  os  :  i.e.,  she  will  not  join  in  the 
comissio ;  aquam  for  vinum.  —  est  te  videre  :  'do  I  really  see 
you  at  last?'  A  common  greeting;  c/"  the  school  dialogue  in 
C.G.L.  III.  211,  23.  So  Tiberius  was  greeted  by  his  German 
veterans  (Veil.  ii.  104,  4),  videmus  te,  imperator.     Cf.  Ter.  Hec. 


NOTES.     CHAP.  67,  LINE  18;    CHAP.  68,  LINE  22.       121 

81,  sed  videon  ego  Philotium,  and  Donatus,  ad  loc. :  sic  solent 
dubitare  advenientihus  ipsis,  quos  post  multum  temporis  intervallum 
vident.  —  barcalae  :  '  fools.'  The  word  is  related  to  bardus  or 
hargus  (barcus),  occurring  in  glossaries  as  =  dvaLaOrjro^,  d(f>vy<i', 
C.G.L.  VI.  129,  130.     Baro,  63,  26,  is  probably  a  kindred  word. 

—  ex  millesimis  Mercurii  :  the  reference  is  obscure.  The 
armlet  was  huge,  and  the  profits  must  have,  been  immense,  of 
which  it  was  the  one-thousandth  part,  whether  in  silver  or  gold. 

—  Felicionem :  the  name,  also,  of  one  of  Trim.'s  lares  bullati; 
cf.  60,  29.  Scintilla's  capsella  was  a  kind  of  luck-charm,  or 
amulet,  which  she  wore  constantly.  It  may  have  been  a  tiny 
jewel-box,  since  it  held  duo  crotalia.  —  excatarissasti  :  '  you 
cleaned  me  out.'  The  form  is  analogous  to  exopi7nssent,  62, 
34.     It  may  be  derived  from  KaOapt^o).  —  pro  luto  :  cf.  44,  22. 

—  caldum  meiere,  frigidum  potare  :  i.e.,  it  is  hard  to  keep  the 
income  up  to  the  expense  account.  —  sudario  abscondit :  from 
1.  10  it  can  be  seen  that  this  was  easily  done. 


68.  secundaa  mensas  :  cf.  note,  64, 1.  Regularly,  the  comis- 
sio  would  have  begun  here.  —  poteram  .  .  .  contentus  :  Trim, 
began  the  cena  with  a  light  appetite,  and  did  more  drinking 
than  eating.  He  means  here  that  the  cofnissio,  with  its  generous 
drinking,  is  about  all  that  he  cares  for.  —  muta  :  '  change  the 
tune.'  This  is  probably  the  actual  stage  direction  for  changes 
in  the  cantica  of  the  old  comedies.  These  changes  were  indi- 
cated in  Mss.  of  Plautus  by  C  and  DY,  in  Terence  Mss.  by 
M.  M.  C.  (miifati  modi  cantici)  ;  Friedl.  —  servus  qui  ad  pedes  : 
cf  64.  39.  Giton,  however,  stands;  cf  58.  1.  —  errantis  bar- 
bariae  :  'of  his  flighty  and  barbarous  rendering.' — adiectum 
aut  deminutum  :  'the  crescendo  and  diminuendo.' — erudi- 
bam  :  for  erudiebam  :  Xeue,  Formenl.  TIL  317,  318.  —  despe- 
ratum  valde  :  '  confoundedly  awfully  clear.'  Desperatum  is  not 
so  used  elsewhere;  it  =  Plautus's  insanum.  Cf  Plant.  Trin. 
673,  insanum  malum :  Most.  90S.  Insanum.  however,  is  not  used 
to  modify  an  adv.  —  omnis  musae  mancipium  :  cf.  43,  27 ;  so 


122       NOTES.      CHAP.  68,  LINE  24;    CHAP.  69,  LINE   19. 

Quint,  i.  10,  28,  crassiore  musa,  '  in  plainer  manner  ' ;  so  sine  ulla 
musa  —  'without  any  wit';  cf.  eiusdem  musae,  Gell.  Noct.  Att. 
iii.  10.  —  omnium  numerum  :  '  au  fait ' ;  cf.  63,  8.  —  strabo- 
nus  =  straho.  He  is  a  squinter.  His  eyes  have  the  pretty  liquid 
effect,  TO  vypov,  of  the  eyes  in  Venus  statues,  in  which  the  low^er 
eyelid  is  raised  a  trifle,  and  the  eye  seems  to  be  trying  to  focus 
sharply.  Hence  he  is  vix  oculo  mortuo,  scarcely  ever  listless, 
always  a  Paul  Pry.  Cf.  Baumeister,  Denkm.  i.  89  b,  and  Ellis, 
Class.  Rev.  vi.  117. 


69.  trecentis  denariis  :  a  modest  figure.  Cato,  as  censor, 
184  B.C.,  assessed  the  slaves  of  the  idle  rich  at  10,000  asses,  = 
about  2500  denarii.  —  agaga  :  'a  gay  Lothario.'  In  C.G.L.  VI. 
41,  agagula  =  lenocinator,  vanus  fornicator ;  its  Greek  form  is 
ayaya?,  from  ayw,  for  dyooyas,  'one  who  leads  astray.' — Cap- 
padocem  :  from  63,  11,  and  Polybius,  iv.  38,  4,  it  appears  that 
good  slaves  came  from  Cappadocia.  Cf,  however,  Hor.  Epist. 
i.  6,  39,  and  Orelli-Mewes  note,  and  the  schol.  on  Persius,  6,  77, 
qui  Cappadoces  dicerentur  habere  studium  naturale  ad  falsa  tes- 
timonia  proferenda,  qui  nutriti  a  pueritia  in  tormentis  equuleum 
sibi  facere  dicuntur  ut  in  eo  se  invicem  torquerent,  et  cum  in  poena 
perdurarent,  ad  falsa  testimonia  se  bene  venumdarent.  —  defrau- 
dit :  In  trod.  p.  xxxvi,  E,  2.  —  nemo  parentat :  i.e.,  post-mortem 
sacrifices  do  not  bring  to  the  dead  the  joys  they  must  pluck  this 
side  of  the  grave.  Cf.  43,  28.  —  debattuere  :  in  mal.  part. ; 
from  battuo;  Fr.  battre,  debattre ;  Ital.  debattere;  cf.  Cic.  Ad  fam. 
ix.  22,  4,  and  below,  75,  29.  —  dabo  panem  :  to  keep  it  quiet. 
"  Least  said,  soonest  mended."  —  fata  egit :  '  he  acted  the  role 
of.'  On  fata  in  the  sense  of  dicta  (cf.  33,  9),  Biich.  quotes 
Lucan,  Phars.  iv.  361.  —  tanto  melior  :  '  bully  for  you.'  Fre- 
quently found  in  comedy;  Quint.,  Instit.  viii.  2,  18,  calls  the 
phrase  ilia  egregia  laudatio.  Cf.  Plant.  Pers.  326.  —  epidipnis 
.  .  .  allata  :  in  answer  to  the  order  in  68,  7.  The  mensa  secunda 
is  meant ;  cf.  Mart.  xi.  31,  7,  where  a  variety  of  fancy  dishes 
is  made  from  something  like  a  pumpkin,  as  here  from  swine's 


NOTES.      CHAP.   69,  LINE  27;    CHAP.   70,  LINE   35.       123 

flesh  (see  70,  2).  —  ego  .  .  .  prudentissimus  :  Encolpius,  the 
valorous  hero,  must  occasionally  be  an  innocent  victim ;  cf. 
29,  1;  36,  18;  41,  9;  49,  15.  —  eiusmodi  .  .  .  imaginem :  'just 
such  counterfeits  of  things  to  eat.'  During  the  festival  of  the 
Saturnalia  presents  were  made,  usually  of  wax  candles  and 
images ;  cf.  Mart.  iv.  i6,  88 ;  v.  18 ;  Suet.  A  ug.  75 ;  Plin.  Epist. 
iv.  9,  7.  The  latter  were  playthings  for  children  (Macrob.  i. 
11,  1),  and  many  made  of  terra-cotta  have  been  found.  Some- 
times they  were  made  of  hard  biscuit.  A  market  in  Rome 
was  named  sigillaria,  from  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  these 
imagines. 


70.  crescam  .  .  .  non  corpore  :  so  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  6,  14,  pingue 
pecus  domino  facias  et  cetera  praeter  \  ingenium.  The  prayer  is 
made  so  that  untoward  misunderstanding  is  avoided.  So  the 
Lydian  Croesus  carefully  tested  the  oracles  which  he  consulted. 

—  colaepio  :  '  a  knuckle  of  pork.'  Colyphia  (Plant.  Pers.  92) 
and  coloephia  (Mart.  vii.  67,  12)  are  other  forms  of  the  word. 
In  the  glossaries  it  is  explained  as  a  knuckle  of  meat  of  any 
kind;  cf  C.G.L.  VI.  234,  colyphium.  —  Daedalus  :  'Jack  of  all 
trades.'  So  in  Plato's  Euthyphron,  11  b,  one  who  is  ingenious  in 
extricating  himself  from  a  debate  is  called  '  a  son  of  old  father 
Daedalus.'  —  ad  buccam  probaremus  :  cf  Suet.  De  Rhet.  5, 
Fulciam,  cui  altera  bucca  inflatior  erat,  acumen  stili  tentare  dixit. 

—  gastris  :  hence  the  Ital.  grasta,  '  flower-pot.'  —  pedes  .  .  . 
unxerunt :  this  may  allude  to  the  friendly  relations  between 
Nero  and  Otho  (Tac.  Annal.  xiii.  12  and  46),  and  lend  some 
support  to  the  "  Neronian  hypothesis,"  that  Petronius  wrote 
the  Saiirae  with  the  express  purpose  of  hitting  off  Xero;  cf 
Introd.  p.  xxiv,  note.  The  treatment  of  the  feet,  as  here  men- 
tioned, was  an  innovation  of  Otho's  which  Xero  approved  ;  Plin. 
N.H.  xiii.  22.  —  permitto  :  sc.  recumbatis.  —  sponsione  :  bet- 
ting on  the  circus  games  was  common ;  hence  Juv.  9,  20,  audax 
sponsio ;  cf  Mart.  xi.  1,  15.  The  green  was  the  favorite  party 
in  the  circus.    Trim,  does  not  seem  to  have  belonged  to  it.    The 


124  NOTES.     CHAP.   71,  LINES   1-23. 

games  at  Rome  are  meant,  in  which  rural  people,  also,  took  great 
interest.  Only  rarely  were  they  held  outside  of  Rome.  To  be 
dragged  away  from  Rome  is  the  same  as  avelli  circensibus,  Juv. 
3,  223. 


71.  Diffusus  :  i.e.,  in  visum,  by  the  slave's  desire  to  bet  with 
his  master.  —  lactem  :  cf.  75,  2.  So  Shylock  :  "  [Is  not  a  Jew] 
fed  with  the  same  food,  hurt  with  the  same  weapons,  subject  to 
the  same  diseases?  ...  If  you  prick  us,  do  we  not  bleed?" 
On  the  form,  cf.  note  on  38,  2.  —  malus  fatus  :  cf .  42,  13  and 
77,  8.  The  personified  fatus  recurs  in  metrical  sepulchral  in- 
scriptions, as  C.I.L.  V.  10127.  So  in  Anthol.  Lat.  epig.  (Biich.) 
1537,  B,  dolere  mater  noli ;  faciendum  hoc  fuit;  properavit  aetas  ; 
voluit  hoc  fatus  meus.  Hence  Fr.  fee,  Eng.  fairy.  Preller,  Rom. 
Mythologle,  ii.  194.  —  aquam  liberam  :  cf  I.  Kings,  xxii.  27, 
"  feed  him  with  bread  of  affliction  and  with  water  of  affliction  " ; 
so  Ovid,  Am.  i.  6,  26,  tihi  .  .  .  serva  bibatur  aqua;  Aristoph.  frag. 
25  (Kock),  pL-qhiiroO^  vSoip  Trt'ot/xt  iXevdepov.  Masters  frequently 
set  their  slaves  up  in  business,  on  making  them  free;  that  the 
freedom  of  the  contubemalis  was  desired  at  the  same  time,  was 
natural;  cf  C.I.L.  II.  2265,  and  Mommsen's  translation,  and 
Petr.  57,  22. — vicesimam :  cf  58,  6  and  65,  24.  —  post  mortem 
vivere :  people  shall  forever  know  what  joys  he  had  in  this  life 
and  what  joyous  memories  he  is  to  take  away  with  him.  Cf 
Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  411.  The  burial  plot  is  thirty  times  larger 
than  that  of  Porcius  at  Pompeii ;  Mau-Kelsey,  402.  On  Petrais, 
whose  battles  were  engraved  on  some  of  Trim.'s  cups,  cf  52,  6. 

—  poma :  it  was  customary  to  plant  trees  about  a  grave  and 
to  bequeath  funds  for  their  protection  and  care ;  cf.  C.I.L.  VI. 
11275  and  15526  and  29775;  XIV.  2139;  IX.  3956;  also  Verg. 
Aen.  v.  761,  and  Servius,  ad  loc. ;  Eclog.  v.  40,  and  Coning- 
ton's  note.  —  et  vinearum  largiter  :  '  and  lots  of  vines.'  Lar- 
giter  of  quantity,  not  size;  cf  Plant.  Rud.  1188,  illic  inesse 
auri   et   argenti   largiter.  —  HOC   MONVMENTVM   .   .    .  SEQVITVR : 


NOTES.     CHAP.  71,  LINES  26^3.  125 

tombs  and  burial  plots  remain  in  the  family  as  heirlooms ; 
heirs  outside  the  family  are  excluded  from  any  rights  to 
them.  H.  M.  H.  N.  s.  is  frequent  in  inscriptions;  see  sanctio- 
nes,  in  Wilmanns,  Exemp.  Inscrip.  ii.  693. —  custodiae  causa: 
inscriptions  show  that  this  was  necessary ;  cf.  ]Marq.  Privatl. 
369.  —  ut  naves  etiam  :  cf.  Mau-Kelsey,  pp.  414,  415,  with 
illustrations.  —  me  in  tribunal!  sedentem  :  such  a  scene  is  on 
the  tombstone  of  M.  Valerius  Anteros  of  Brixia.  Augustales, 
at  all  public  functions,  wore  the  toga  praetexta.  Trim,  also 
expects  to  be  buried  in  his;  cf.  78,  2  and  29,  12.  —  quod  dedi : 
lutrod.  p.  xliii,  (d).  An  epulum  and  divisio  of  money  were  regu- 
larly expected  of  the  sevir  on  taking  oflBce.  Cf  Wilmanns, 
Exemp. Inscrip.  2099.  —  faciantur  .  .  .  triclinia:  we  read,  in  in- 
scriptions, of  tables  being  spread  in  the  open  air,  as  at  Ostia, 
where  217  w^ere  spread,  and  are  informed  that  frequently  the 
banquet  was  a  complete  one.  At  Amiternum,  besides  bread 
and  wine,  two  oxen  and  fifteen  sheep  were  consumed  (C.I.L. 

IX.  4215)  on  a  certain  occasion.  Often  the  banquet  was  more 
modest,  and  money  was  distributed,  the  decuriones  receiving 
three    denarii,   the    augustales    two,    and    other   citizens    one. 

—  efQuant  vinum  :  '  lest  they  empty  (  =  lose)  their  wine.'  This 
trans,  use  of  effluo  occurs  only  once  elsewhere. — velit  nolit : 
*  whether  he  will  or  no';  a  common  phrase;  cf  Cic.  De  Deor. 
Nat.  i.  7,  17;  Sen.  Epist.  107,  11.  —  MAECENATIANVS  :  freedmen 
in  the  early  empire  often  required  a  second  cognomen,  in  order 
to  avoid  confusion,  in  the  interpretation  of  wills.  This  par- 
ticular cognomen  recurs  in  inscriptions,  as  C.I.L.  VI.  4016  ; 

X.  6014.  —  HIC  REQVIESCIT  :  SO  C.I.L.  I.  1489,  ending  hie  requi- 
escent;  sometimes  the  formula  is  Mc  situs;  cf  C.I.L.  V.  1214 ;  Wil- 
manns, II.  p.  681. —  SEVIRATVS  ABSENTI :  this  was  done  by  the 
decuriones  of  the  town.  The  Veronese,  on  another  occasion, 
conferred  the  sevirate  upon  an  individual  ratione  habita  absentis 
eius  extra  ordinem.  —  IN  OMNIBVS  DECVRIIS  ROMAE :  he  has  the 
feeling  of  a  bourgeois  gentilhomme,  to  whom  metropolitan  club 
life  seemed  easy  to  enter.     Decuriae  =  '  clubs,'  as  in  Suet.  Tib. 


126   NOTES.   CHAP.  71,  LINE  44;  CHAP.  73,  LINE  25. 

41,  of  knights ;  Claud.  1,  of  clerks.  There  was,  however,  a  long 
tenure  of  office  among  government  employees  at  Rome,  which 
increased  the  conservatism  of  their  decuriae  as  to  admitting 
outsiders.  —  FORTIS,  FIDELIS :  cf.  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5,  102 ;  so  sicca 
sobria,  36,  11.  —  SESTERTIVM  .  .  .  TRECENTIES :  so  45,  14;  cf. 
Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  87-90.  Mommsen  and  Friedl.  cite  the  similar 
inscription  of  a  P.  Decimius,  which  shows  the  sums  of  money  he 
had  given  away,  and  ends,  hie  pridie  quam  mortuus  est  reliquit 
patrimoni  HS  milia  quingenta  viginti.  —  VALE:  ET  TV:  vale  said 
by  the  dead ;  et  tu,  by  the  passer-by.  Such  greetings  as  ave, 
have,  vale,  salve,  vale  viator,  are  common  on  gravestones.  Some- 
times the  salutation  inscribed  is  from  the  wayfarer  to  the  dead, 
as  Lolli  ave;  have  Claudi  bene  valeas.  C.I.L.  V.  4887  ends 
viator  vale,  and  with  et  tu  on  the  next  line. 


72.  quare  non  vivamus  :  cf.  Mart.  i.  15,  12.  —  sic  videam  : 
so  61,  4 ;  75,  6.  —  calet  .  .  .  furnus  :  it  was  a  question  whether 
hot  baths  were  advisable  after  dining ;  Hor.  Epist.  i.  6,  61 ;  Juv. 
1,  143 ;  Pers.  3,  98.  They  were  thought,  however,  to  remove 
cruditas.  —  cibo  furorem  suppresserat :  so  the  lingua  canina, 
43,  8,  of  a  too  ready  talker  is  suppressed ;  cf.  69,  11. 


73.  lavari :  they  were  now  more  than  ready  for  a  hot  bath. 
—  proiecti.3  vestimentis  :  there  was  probably  no  apodyterium. 
On  bathing  arrangements  in  private  houses  in  Pompeii,  cf.  Mau- 
Kelsey,  261,  300,  350,  356.  A  semicircular  niche  for  the  labrum 
(1.  13)  has  been  found  in  some  houses.  —  cisternae  frigidariae  : 
a  tank  for  cooling  the  water,  —  rectus  stabat :  it  was  customary 
to  sit.  —  Menecratis  :  the  mention  of  this  citharoedus  is  impor- 
tant in  fixing  the  date  of  the  Satirae,  if  he  is  the  one  mentioned 
by  Suet.  Nero,  30.  —  gingilipho  :  probably  a  kind  of  Indian 
war  dance,  to  the  accompaniment  of  a  cantilena  quam,  dum  nexis 
manibus  in  orbem  currunt,  canebant;  Biich.  It  may  be  a  deriva- 
tive of  yty-yXtcr/xos.  —  barbatoriam  :  sc.  diem.     Cf.  Juv.  3,  186; 


XOTES.     CHAP.   73,  LINE  26;    CHAP.  75,  LINE  9.       127 

the  day  would  be  one  of  festivity,  as  is  seen  from  its  place  in  the 
list,  'de  diebus  festh;  in  C.G.L.  III.  171,  66,  and  239,  48.— 
tengomenas  faciamus  :  cf.  34,  22. 


74.  vinum  sub  mensam :  cf.  Plin.  Nat.  Hist,  xxviii.  26, 
incendia  inter  epulas  nominata  aquis  sub  mensam  perfusis  abomi- 
namur.  Wine  is  used  here,  as  in  34,  12. — traiecit  in  dexteram : 
cf.  Plin.  N.H.  xxviii.  57,  apropos  of  sneezing  or  hiccoughing, 
anulum  e  sinistra  in  longissimum  dextrae  digitum  transferre.  On 
the  form  of  the  adj.,  cf.  Neue,  Formenl.  11.  §  5.  —  dicto  citius  : 
cf.  Verg.  Aen.  1. 142 ;  Livy,  xxiii.  47,  6  ;  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  2,  80.  —  de 
porco  aves  fecerat :  cf.  70,  2.  —  matteis  :  mentioned  in  65.  1, 

—  classis  =  grex ;  Quint.,  Instit.  i.  2,  23,  also  uses  classis  in  this 
post-classical  sense.  —  machina  :  'the  slave-block';  so  Quintus 
Cic,  to  his  brother,  de  pet.  cowsm/.,  writes,  amicam  .  .  .  de  machi- 
nis  emit.     The  post-classical  word  is  catista  :  cf.  Tibull.  ii.  3,  60. 

—  hominem  inter  homines  :  cf.  39.  9.  —  in  sinum  spuit :  spit- 
ting upon  one's  breast  was  supposed  to  avert  the  ill  effect  of 
haughty  words  or  deeds ;  so  in  Greek  ets  koXttov  ov  tttvcl  ;  cf. 
Plin.  N.H.  xxviii.  35;  Juv.  7,  111.  —  codex  non  mulier  :  cf.  on 
43,  14.  —  somniatur  :  Xeue,  Formenl.  III.  p.  91.  —  Cassandra 
caligaria :  'this  thumping  tragedy-queen.'  In  75,  13,  Trim, 
calls  her  fulcipedia,  '  high  stepper.'  —  unguentarius  :  the  per- 
fumer's business  was  an  important  one  in  Italy  and  Gaul. 
Feminine  gossip  was  doubtless  associated  with  it.  —  non  patia- 
ris  :  so  75,  14,  non  facias  ringentem.  —  bonatus  :  '  too  good  ' ; 
so  impuratus  from  impurus,  Ter.  Phorm.  669.     Cf.  Fr.  bonasse. 

—  reote,  curabo  :  cf.  58,  19  and  14.  —  depresentiarum  :  cf. 
58,  10. 


75.  homines  sumus  :  to  err  is  human ;  to  forgive,  divine. 
So  in  130,  fateor  me,  dornina  saepe  pecasse :  nam  et  homo  sum  et  adhuc 
iuvenis.  —  ut  se  frangeret:  cf.  Cic.  Cat.  i.  9,  22,  te  ut  ulla  res 
frangat.  —  decem  partes  dicit :  cf.  on  46,  10,  and  58,  24. — 


128       NOTES.     CHAP.  75,  LINE  9;    CHAP.  76,  LINE  4. 

librum  ab  oculo :  Hermeros  could  not  read  other  than  lapida- 
rias  lite r as ;  cf.  58,  23.  —  Thraecium :  'and  he  earned  (  = 
bought)  a  Thracian  suit  by  means  of  his  savings.'  The  word 
denotes  a  child's  outfit  of  shield,  dagger,  and  costume,  on  the 
pattern  of  Thracian  soldiers.  So  children  to-day  are  often 
dressed  in  a  sailor  or  highland  costume.  —  archisellium :  'a 
seat  with  rounded  back';  or  'box  seat,'  if  the  reading  be  arci- 
sellum.  —  in  oculis  f eram  :  'for  me  to  keep  my  eyes  upon.'  So 
Cic,  Ad  fam.  xvi.  27,  2,  writes,  /e,  ut  dixi,  fero  in  oculis. — fulci- 
pedia:  cf.  Plant.  Ti'in.  720.  —  bonum  tuum  conquas  :  'find 
what  comfort  you  can.'  —  clavo  tahula.ri  =  trahali ;  it  is 
clinched.  So  Cic.  Verves,  v.  22,  53,  quemadmodum  dicitur,  trabali 
clavo  Jigeret ;  cf.  Hor.  Odes,  i.  35,  17.  —  tain  fui  quam  vos  :  'I 
was  as  you  are.'  Cf.  Plaut.  Miles,  11,  tam  hellatorem;  so  feliciter 
esse,  C.I.L.  VII.  265;  suavius  esse,  64,  7. —  dissilio :  cf.  61,  7. 
—  sterteia  :  she  was  still  sobbing.  —  rostrum:  ' snout '  =  os; 
cf  Plaut.  Men.  89.  —  nee  turpe  est  quod  dominus  iubet: 
so  Shylock  says,  Merchant  of  Venice,  v.  1 : 

*'  You  have  among  you  many  a  purchased  slave, 
Which  like  your  asses  and  your  dogs  and  mules, 
You  use  in  abject  and  in  slavish  parts, 
Because  you  bought  them,  should  I  say  to  you : 
Let  them  be  free,  marry  them  to  your  heirs  ?  " 

Seneca  quotes,  Controvers,  IV.  pref.  10  (Kiessling),  impudicitia 
in  ingenuo  crimen  est,  in  servo  necessitas,  in  liberto  officium. 


76.  quemadmodum  di  volunt :  cf.  61,  13,  and  note ;  so 
below,  cito  fit  quod  di  volunt,  1.  17.  Cf.  Liv.  i.  39,  4 ;  Ov.  Met. 
viii.  619.  —  cepi  cerebellum:  'I  took  his  fancy.'  —  Caesari:  at 
first  it  showed  the  emperor's  popularity  to  be  mentioned  in  his 
will;  later  it  became  dangerous  not  to  mention  him;  cf.  Suet. 
Aug.  66;  jTift.  49 ;  Tacit.  Agric.  43. — nemini  .  .  .  nihil  satis 
est :  a  Greek  usage  of  the  redundant  negative.  Cf  58, 15,  and 
Abbott:   Studies  in  Classical  Philology,  Univ.  of  Chicago,  III, 


NOTES.     CHAP.  76,  LINE  7;    CHAP.  77,  LINE  20.       129 

p.  73.  —  contra  aurum:  'wine  was  worth  its  weight  in  gold.' 
So  Plant.  True.  538;  Vurcul.  201;  Pseud.  688;  Miles,  660.— 
omnes  naufragarunt :  '  And  not  one  vessel  'scaped  the  dread- 
ful touch  of  merchant-marring  rocks.'  The  verb  is  freq.  in 
patristic  Latin;  cf.  Vulgate,  I  Tim.  vi.  10. — factum  non  fabula  : 
of.  Index,  A  lliteration.  —  gusti  fuit :  either  for  gustui,  or  the  geni- 
tive of  gustum,  the  constr.  being  the  same  as  in  mihi  non  Jiocci 
erat.  —  vinum  .  .  .  mancipia :  wine,  onions,  and  cabbages,  were 
staple  export  articles  of  Pompeii,  which  w^as  not  far  from  Trim.'s 
home.  Cf.  Mau-Kelsey,  pp.  357-358.  The  raising  of  beans  was 
a  regular  business  ;  inscriptions  mention  a  negotiatio  fabaria.  — 
manum  de  tabula :  '  no  more ! '  Cf.  Cic.  to  Fadius  Gallus  {Ad 
fam.  vii.  25).  —  exhortavit :  Neue,  Formenl.  III.  p.  47.  —  con- 
siliator  deorum :  cf.  Cic.  De  legg.  iii.  19,  43,  speaking  of  the 
augur  as  consiliarius  atque  administer  lovis.  —  ab  acia  et  acu : 
i.e.,  down  to  the  very  smallest  detail.  Cf.  Thesaurus  Ling.  Lai. 
L  398,  16. 


77.  de  rebus  illis  =  relus  venereis ;  cf.  C.G.L.  V.  462,  1.  ad 
res  =  ad  res  venereas,  and  Plant.  Afost.  897.  —  felix  in  amicos 
=  f  ad  amicos;  possibly  a  hellenism.  Cf.  Eurip.  Orest.  542, 
€VTV)(eLv  €?  T€Kva.  Cic.  writes  ad  casum  fortunamque  felix. — 
viperam  sub  ala :  a  Greek  proverb;  cf.  Eurip.  Alces.  309. 
—  fundos  Apuliae  iungere  :  cf.  48,  6;  Hor.  Epist.  ii,  2,  177.  — 
dum  Mercurius  vigilat:  'under  the  watchful  care  of  Mercury.' 
Burman  believes  we  have  here  an  allusion  to  the  custom  which 
Servius  (Aeneid,  viii.  3)  describes:  is  qui  belli  susceperat  curam, 
sacrarium  Martis  ingressus,  primo  ancilia  commovebat,  post  hastam 
simulacri  ipsius,  dicens  ^  Mars  vigila.'  Cf.  Aen.  x.  228.  —  susum  : 
Neue,  Formenl.  II.  750  f.  —  sessorium:  'a  sitting-room.'  — 
Scaurus :  Introd.  p.  xx,  note.  —  mavoluit  =  maluit;  cf  Ter. 
Hec.  540;  the  form  is  frequent  in  Plant.  —  assem  habeas  assem 
valeas :  'money  makes  the  man,'  was  a  proverb  as  current  in 
the  ancient  world  as  it  is  to-day.  Cf.  Otto,  Sprichw.,  habere,  1. 
— prefer  vitalia  :  cf.  on  42,  14. 


130  NOTES.     CHAP.   78,  LINES  2-19. 

78.  praetextam:  cf.  on  71,  30.  —  gloriosu.s  efferri :  cf.  42, 
14. — imprecetur :  such  prayers  (^salutationes)  are  found  on 
tombstones;  e.g.,  sit  iibi  terra  levis  or  ossa  tua  bene  quiescant. 
See  under  salutatio  in  Wilmanns,  Exemp.  Inscrip. :  Indices.  Cf. 
above  39,  9. — nardi:  Plin.,  N.H.  xii.  43  and  44,  mentions  this 
as  a  most  expensive  and  precious  oil.  —  ad  parentalia  mea: 
not  only  to  his  funeral,  but  to  the  anniversaries  of  his  death. 

—  extendit  se  super  torum:  in  the  relief  from  Aquila,  men- 
tioned by  Friedl.,  exhibiting  a  similar  funeral  scene,  there  is 
not  only  the  procession  of  mourners  about  the  bier,  but  there 
are  three  kinds  of  horn-blowers ;  the  cornicines  with  curved 
horns,  tibicines  with  double  flagelettes,  and  one  who  has  a  lituus. 
On  Trim.'s  fondness  for  cornicines,  cf.  53,  28.  Heinsius  quotes 
Sen.  De  Brevit.  Vit.  20,  3,  showing  that  Trim.'s  imitation  of  a 
funeral  was  not  unusual :  Turranius  fuit  exactae  diligentiae  senex, 
qui  post  annum  nonagesimum  .  .  .  componi  se  in  lecto  et  velut  ex- 
animem  a  civcumstante  familia  plangi  iussit.    Cf  Tac.  Hist.  iv.  45. 

—  dicite  =  canite,  'play  something.'  —  concitaret  viciniam  : 
cf.  however,  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  5, 105.  —  qui  custodiebant  regionem  : 
the  cena  therefore  probably  took  place  in  a  town  or  city,  not 
in  the  country ;  cf.  73,  9. 


CEITICAL   APPENDIX. 

H  =  Codex  Traguriensis. 

L  =  the  Ms.  upon  which  Scaliger's  apographon  and  the  edi- 
tions of  Tornaes  and  Pithoeiis  are  based. 

26,  11.  in  balnea  sequi,  Biich.^  in  lalneo  sequi,  H  BUch.i 
Friedl. 

29,  1.  (cum)  titulis,  Burmann  Biich.  Friedl.  tituHs,  H  L. 
• — [copiosa],  Friedl.  cornu  abundanti  copiosa,  H  L  Biich.  For 
copiosa  Biich.  conj.  conspicua.  Goes  and  Friedl.  insert  cum 
before  cornu. 

30,  1,  multas  iam  (picturas).  multaciam,  H  Biich.  Friedl. 
simul  omnes  lautitias,  conj.  Biich. ^  multa  {multas')  iam  +  noun, 
conj.  Biich. 3  maltaceam,  fr.  maltha,  'fresco-paintings  on  stucco,* 
Ellis,  Journ.  PhiloL  XXIX.  p.  1  (1886). 

6.  imam,  ed.  Pithoeus,  Lipsius.  unam,  H  L  Biich. ;  =  top 
part  terminating  in  an  embolum  with  its  inscript. 

28.  cubitoria,  H  L  Biich.  (ac)cubitona,  Friedl.  following 
Lipsius  and  Heinsius. 

31,  1.5.   (simul  cantabat),  sugg.  by  Biich. 

20.  in  promulsidari,  H  L  Friedl.     inter  promulsidaria,  Biich. 

32,  2.    minutissima,  L  Biich.^  Friedl.     munitissima,  H  Biich.^ 

33,  4.  omnem  voluptatem,  L  Heins.  Biich.  voluptatem, 
Friedl. 

34,  8.  (supel)lecticarius,  Douza  Friedl.  Heraeus.  lecticarius, 
H  Biich. 

21.  tengomenas,  Biich.^  tangomenas,  H  Friedl.  tengomenias, 
Sittl,  Archiv,  VI.  445. 

131 


132  CRITICAL  APPENDIX. 

35,  17.  [hoc  est  in.  cenae],  H  Reiske  Wehle  Friedl.  hoc 
est  ius  cenae,  L  BUch.     Originally  marg.  gloss,  in.  =  initium. 

37,  10.  lupatria,  H  BUch.  Friedl.  lupacea,  Sittl,  Archiv,  II. 
610. 

12.  [tantum  auri  vides],  prob.  misplaced  gloss  of  saplutus. 
BUch.  dives  for  vides. 

38,  2.   credrae,  H  Friedl.     cedrae,  Buch.^ 

6.  culavit,  H  BUch.^  Friedl.  testiculavit,  Buch.^  using  Paul. 
Fest.,  MUller,  p.  306. 

10.   culcitras,  H  Friedl.     culcitas,  BUch. 

18.  sub  alapa.  est  tamen  suffiatus,  conj.  by  Hirschfeld.  suh- 
alapo  {suhalapator^y  conj.  by  Ronsch,  Rh.  Mus.  1879,  p.  632,  = 
collect,  philol.  p.  25.     Cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache  des  Petrons,  p.  31 . 

19.  locationem,  conj.  by  Friedl.  cum,  H.  cenaculum,  BUch.^ 
casam,  BUch.^ 

23.  sociorum  olla.  sociorum  {mala  opera)  olla,  E.  in  Berl. 
Philol.  Wochens.  xii.  p.  755. 

35.   <C),  conj.  by  BUch.,  adopted  by  Friedl. 

39,  32.  mali  facit,  BUch.  male  facit,  H  Friedl.  moliti  facit 
(moli  facit),  Rohde. 

41,  4.  duravi,  H  BUch.^  Friedl.  decrevi,  BUch.^  believing 
duravi  nimiae  ut  in  hoc  dicendi  genere  audacitatis  esse. 

23.  pataracina.  Heraeus,  Vahlenfestschrift,  derives  from  Tra- 
TaKvov,  expanded  in  Latin  to  patacinum,  and  then  by  connection 
with pate7'a  (sind pateo),  through  volksetymologie,  to pataracinum. 

42,  2.   balniscus,  Scheffer  Friedl.     haliscus,  H  BUch. 

18.  neminem  nihil,  feminae  nihil,  Gronov.  neminem  feminae 
nihil,  P.  in  Archiv,  III.  67. 

43,  17.  oricularios,  Reinesius  Heins.  BUch.^  Friedl.  oracu- 
larios,  H  BUch.^ 

25.  olim  oliorum,  BUch.  conj.  molitor  mulierum.  mulierarium, 
SchefEer.     mulierosum,  Heins.     Cf.  Ellis,  Class.  Rev.  VL  116. 

27.  pullarius,  Burmann,  adopted  by  BUch.  Friedl.  Ha  vet, 
A  rchiv,  I.  p.  194,  defends  the  reading  of  H  puellarius. 

44,5.  esuritio,  established  by  C.G.L.  V.  164,  28,  as  the 
proper  reading  for  esurio  H. 


CRITICAL  APPENDIX.  133 

10.  simila  si  siligine  inferior  esset,  conj.  by  Biich.  for  the 
impossible  Ms.  reading.  Heraeus,  in  the  Vahlenfestschrift,  pro- 
poses si  milia,  si  cilia  (=  ;(t'A.ta),  but  fails  to  emend  interiores  et, 
the  reading  of  the  next  two  words  in  H.  A  clew  to  the  inter- 
pretation may  possibly  be  found  in  the  similarly  disconnected 
phrases,  modo   sic  modo   sic,  45,  2,  or   aut   tunc   aut  nunquam, 

44,  40. 

11.  [sed],  bracketed  by  Scheffer,  as  a  dittograph  from  esset. 

16.  [vel]  [tractabat],  an  interlinear  gloss  of  pilabat. 

17.  directum,  Reiske  Biich. i  Friedl.     derectum,  Biich.^ 

40.  redibant,  Jacobs  Wehle  Biich.  ridebant,  H  Friedl. 
(*  freuten  sich '). 

45,  5.  haberet,  H  Biich.  saperent,  Friedl.  from  conj.  by 
Buch. 

13.  amphitheater,  cf.  F.  B.,  Rh.  Mus.  xlix.  p.  175,  and 
Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  43. 

46,  3.   loqui  non  loquere,  Buch.^  Friedl.     [loqui],  Biich.^ 

8.  dispare  pallavit,  H  Biich.  Friedl.  ('hat  wachsen  lassen'). 
Biich.  prefers  Reiske's  pullavit  Q  das  wetter  hat  heuer  alles  zur 
ungehorigen  zeit  wachsen  lassen ').  Cf.  R.  Ellis,  Class.  Rev. 
VI.  117. 

25.   (aliquid),  inserted  by  Friedl. 

47,  8.  [causa],  an  interlinear  gloss,  suam  rem,  conj.  Fried!., 
cf.  Friedl.  Cena  Trim.  p.  251. 

11.  nee  lovis  potest,  Heraeus,  Vahlenfestschrift,  conj.  ne 
lovis  potest,  ne  =  ne  quidem  as  in  Apuleius ;  cf.  also  Biich. 
Anthol.  epig.  1178,  33,  and  Quint,  i.  5,  39. 

48,  21.  pollicem  porcino,  Biich.^  for  H  p.  porcino.  "  Ein 
dera  schweinskopf  anliches  instrument  zum  Zwischenscheiben, 
klemmen  und  spalten,  das  im  volksmunde  schlechtweg  porcinum 
benannt  war,"  Biich. ^ 

23.  Cumis,  cf  Segebade  et  Lommatzsch,  Lex.  Petronian, 
p.  iii,  n.  2 :  "  attentius  enim  c.  1-99  legentem  non  puto  fugiet 
Petronii  animo  alium  locum  observatum  esse  in  cena  Trimal- 
chionis,  alium  in  reliquis  rebus  enarratis.  '  Colonia '  certe  urbs 
ista  non  appellatur  nisi  a  libertinis  (c.  44,  57,  76)." 


134  CRITICAL  APPENDIX. 

51,  2.  se  porrigere,  Biich.^  Thielmann  (Archiv,  III.  179). 
reporrigere  Caesarem,  Scheffer  Biich.^  Friedl. 

4.   valdius,  conj.  by  Friedl.  for  validius  of  H.     validius,  Biich. 
8.   <Caesari),  added  by  Biich.  and  adopted  by  Friedl. 

52,  2.  <C>,  for  the  lacuna  which  follows.  Goes  suggested  quibus 
effictum. 

3.  patrono  (meo)  Mummius,  BUch.  emend,  for  patronorum 
mens  H.  Some  of  the  description  must  have  disappeared  after 
Mummius,  since  the  Niobe  scene  was  not  on  all  the  cups. 

25.   [et],  bracketed  by  Biich.  Friedl. 

27.  (verebatur),  added  by  Heins.  Biich.  Friedl. ;  poss.  some 
word  like  indignantem  has  also  been  lost;  cf.  Van  der  Vliet, 
Mnemosyne,  24,  p.  2  (1896),  fortunam  suam  (verehatur). 

53,  29.  <animalia),  Biich.  Friedl.,  the  word  being  an  inter- 
linear gloss  referring  back  to  petauristarios  and  cornicines,  as 
obscure  words.  J.  Gilbert  conj.  reliqua  enim  talia  for  animalia, 
and  does  not  bracket;  Rh.  Mus.  li.  pt.  3,  1896,  p.  471. 

54,  1.  puer,  Btich.^  suggests  qui  innixus  debili  et  injirmo  scalae 
gradu  saltabat,  perfregit  eum  et  in  ledum. 

55,  1.  et  .  .  .  quam,  sc.  recordati  or  et  cum  Agamemnon  expro- 
mere  coepisset,  Biich.^  In  other  Mss.  than  H,  varioque  follows 
factum  immediately. 

6.   (ubique)  and  (nostra),  foil,  line,  were   sugg.   by  Hein- 

sius. 

10.  -que  and  memorata  est  are  the  epitomator's  additions ; 
erat  stood  after  diu,  Friedl. 

22.  margaritam  caram  .  .  .  bacam  Indicam,  Friedl.  Biich. 
nominat.  margarita  cara  tribacia  Indica,  Heraeus,  Vahlenfest- 
schrift;  on  tribacia  cf.  quadribacium,  C.I.L.  II.  3386,  10;  C.G.L. 
III.  203,  8 ;  and  Plin.  N.H.  ix.  114. 

56,  19.  xerophagi  ex  sapa,  Friedl.  saprophagiae  ex  sale, 
Biich.  Rh.  Mus.  xvii.  322.     xerophagiae  ex  sale,  Biich.^ 

25.   (accepit),  Biicheler's  insertion. 

57,  4.   vervex,  for  berbex,  H.     Cf.  Wolfflin,  Archiv,  VIII.  565. 
8.   balatum  cluxissem,  Friedl.     balatum  duxissem,  H  Biich. 

58,  6.    numerasti,  a  lacuna  follows ;    sc.  nescit  unless  quid 


CRITICAL  APPENDIX.  135 

facial  be  corrupted  from  such  a  word  as  stigmatia,  Biich.  Friedl. 
quid  fatuat,  Hirschfeld. 

16.  [non]  coniecero,  so  editors ;  but  Hermeros  speaks  in 
anger,  and  shows  that  he  is  a  Greek  in  the  use  of  his  negatives. 

21.  Xt^puSi]  fecit,  Ludwich.  deuro  defecit,  H.  nemo  desue- 
fecit  and  demode  fecit  and  eleutherode  fecit  are  conj.  by  Biich. 
Friedl.  indicates  lacuna  after  fecit. 

23,  alogias  menias  ;  menias  =  menenias ;  cf  Porph.  on  Hor. 
Sat.  ii.  3,  287,  menenium  melius  furiosum  accipimus  vel  potius 
stidtum,  unde  meneniae  stultitiae  ineptiae.  Mss.  of  Porph.  even 
give  meniae  for  meneniae.  Porph.  prob.  knew  his  Petron. ;  cf. 
on  Od.  iii.  2,  32,  and  Petron.  44,  41. 

39.  (nos  alia).  I  have  foUowed  Friedl.  in  inserting  both  nos 
and  alia.     Biich. ^  inserts  nos  only. 

41.  (illos  scholasticos).  The  text  is  hopelessly  corrupt. 
I  have  followed  Friedl.  in  its  general  emendation.  The  words 
following  magister  (1.  39)  down  to  ego  certainly  belong  to  the 
magister.  From  mera  mapalia,  how^ever,  through  evadit  the 
words  are  given  to  Hermeros  by  Heraeus  in  the  Vafdensfest- 
schrift. 

59,  8.  factio  statim,  Friedl.  imagines  a  lacuna  between 
these  words,  and  suggests  primum  Graecorum  deinde  Troiano- 
rum  ac. 

20.  ducenaria,  Burmann  Friedl.  dunaria,  H.  donaria, 
Biich. 2     denaria,  Biich.i 

60,  11.    (rursus  rem  novam  notavi),  sugg.  by  Biich.^ 

15.  ad  pompam,  Keller  suggests  ad  Priapum;  cf,  however, 
Knapp,  Class.  Rev.  x.  428,  a. 

16.  hie  refecit,  [hie'],  Friedl.  liquefacit  or  minorem  fecit  or 
remissio  (H)  hilaritatem  hinc  reiecit.     hiare  fecit,  Rohde. 

61,  16.   (illam)  aut,  Biich.^  Friedl.     autem,  H. 
19.   (quicquid  habui),  Biich.  Friedl. 

22.  egi  aginavi,  H  Friedl.  and  finally  Biich.  —  (scitis),  Biich.^ 
Friedl.     autem,  H.     scito,  Segebade. 

62,  18.  tota  via.  mata  via,  H.  The  emendation  is  Scheffer's. 
Heraeus,  VahlensfestscJirift,  proposes  ma  tan  Hekatan. 


136  CRITICAL  APPENDIX. 

24.  (perculit),  added  by  Biich.,  adopted  by  Friedl. 

63,  2.  ut,  "  er  kann  nur  sagen  mau  moge  glauben  dass  sich 
die  haare  gestraubt  haben,  nicht  wie  sehr,  ut  ist  also  zu 
streichen,"  Friedl. 

7.  sacritus,  Roasch's  emend.,  Neue  Jahrbh.,  1882,  p.  424,  for 
caccitus,  H. 

10.  (stridere),  inserted  by  Jacobs,  adopted  by  Biich.  Friedl. 

64,  2.  (sedibus),  Biich.  Friedl.  Cf.,  however,  Zielinski, 
Philologus,  1901,  p.  6,  and  Hor.  Sat.  ii.  3,  324. 

11.  tisicus,  H  Friedl.    phthisicus,  Btich. 

19.   banc,  Hadrianides.     hac,  H.     [hac],  Biich.^  Friedl. 
39.   <et>,  Anton,  Friedl.     BUch.,^  fearing  ne  plura  desint,  indi- 
cates a  gap. 

66,  4.  botulo,  Gronov  Friedl.    poculo,  H  Biich. 

67,  13.   eo  deinde,  "  ante  eo  forsitan  multa  perierint,"  Biich.i 

32.  Interim,  "  decurtasse  narrationem  compilator  videtur," 
Biich.2 — sociae,  Studemund.     sauciae,  H  Biich.  Friedl. 

68,  15.  adiectum,  Muncker  Scheffer  Biich.  ahiectum,  H. 
auctum,  Friedl. 

25.  Biich.  conj.  strabus.  Heraeus,  VahlenfestscJirift,  stramhus 
{stranhus) ;  cf.  Archiv,  Y.  480 ;  Lowe,  Prodromos,  p.  391 ;  Nonius, 
p.  27,  strabones  sunt  strambi  quos  nunc  dicimus ;  cf.  C.G.L.  III. 
181,  11. 

69,  25.   <amici>,  Buch.^  Friedl. 

29.   fimo,  Biich. 3  Friedl.     defuncta,  H,  defacta,  marg. 

71,  28.  <in  lateribus),  Biich.^  Cf.  Mau-Kelsey,  Pompeii,  pp. 
414-415. 

33.  faciantur.  Goes  Friedl.  faciatur,  H  Biich.  Possibly 
justifiable  as  a  Graecism,  the  subject  is  a  neuter  plural. 

72,  10.   (coepit),  Burmann. 

12.  assectemur,  Biich.^     assentemur,  H  Friedl. 

23.  [at],  Biich.3  Friedl.     e^,  Wehle. 

24.  udique,  Biich  conj.     utique,  H  Biich.  Friedl. 

73,  7.    sic,  Biich. ^  suggests  istic. 

15.  [aut],  dittograph.  —  pavimento,  add  ore  dentibus,  Bur- 
mann.    Friedl.  adds  {ore). 


CRITICAL  APPENDIX.  137 

18.  in  solium,  Friedl.  Biich.-^  in  solo,  H.  Biich.  prefers  in 
solio.  Cf.  Heraeus,  Sprache,  p.  34.  —  temperabatur.  Heins. 
Friedl.  parabatur,  Biich.^  vaporabatur,  Biich.-^  pervapatur,  H, 
in  marg.  al.  parabafiir. 

74,  33.    machina,  Biich.  Friedl.     machilla,  H  Burmann. 

75,  12.  fulcipedia.  fultipedia  or  fulcripedia,  Biich.  Rh.  Mus. 
xxxix.  p.  425. 

76,  23.  libertos,  H  Biich. -^  (per)  libertos,  Heins.  Biich. ^ 
Friedl. 

77,  2.   illis,  Hirschfeld  conj.  imis. 

12.   cenationem,  Scheffer  Biich.     cellationem,  H  Friedl. 


INDEX. 


[The  numbers  refer  to  the  chapters.] 


ab  acia  et  acu  76. 

absentivos  33. 

ad  summam  31,  37  (bis) ,  38,  45,  57 
(bis),  58,  71,  75,77. 

adverb  as  predicate :  belle  erit  46, 
solide  natus  47,  pessime  .  .  .  erat 
54,  suaviter  59,  61,  65,  75;  quod 
sursum  est  63 ;  tarn  f ui  75. 

aediles  male  eveniat  44. 

agaga  69. 

aginavi  61. 

sub  alapa  38. 

Alliterations,  Anaphora:  sicca  so- 
bria  37 ;  honeste  vixit  honeste 
obiit  43;  amicus  amico  43,  44; 
sed  rectus  sed  certus ;  nemo 
.  .  .  nemo  .  .  .  nemo  44 ;  Martis 
marcent  moenia;  palato  pavo 
pascitur;  titulus  tepidi  tempo- 
ris ;  nudam  in  nebula  linea  55 ; 
mufrius  non  magister  58 ;  non 
cor  non  intestina  non  quicquam 
63 ;  pax  Palamedis  66 ;  idem  su- 
tor  i.  cocus  i.  pistor  68;  fortis 
fidelis  71;  flebat  et  Fort,  flebat 
et  Hab.  76;  maiores  et  meliores 
et  feliciores  76. 

animam  ebulliit  42,  62;  -ma  in  naso 
62 ;  abiciet  74. 

apoculare  62,  67. 

apophoreta  40,  56,  60. 

aquam  poscere  ad  manus  27;  in 
manus  31 ;  34 ;  dentes  habet  42 ; 


foras,  vinum  intro  52;  in  os 
coniciet  57 ;   libera  71. 

argenti  pondus  31 ;  a  .  .  .  coepit 
everrere  34;  a.  plus  37;  in  -to 
studiosus  52 ;  -um  sceleratum 
56;  -um  composuerit  67.  Adj.: 
pinna  a. ;  aureos  a.  denarios  33; 
larua  a.  34;  clibano  a.  35;  a.  co- 
rona 50;  craticula  a.;  a.  pelve 
70;  mensas  totas  a.  79. 

arietilli  39. 

asinus  in  tegulis  63. 

assem  aerarium  57. 

Atellaniam  facere  53 ;  68. 

-atus :  capillatus  27;  soleatus  27; 
prasinatus  28,  29;  piperatus  36; 
expudoratus  39;  pilleatus  40,  41, 
65,  66;  staminatus  41;  rubrica- 
tus  46 ;  bullatus  60 ;  moratus  61 ; 
bonatus  74. 

babae  babae  37. 

babaecalis  37. 

bacalusiae  41. 

bacciballum  61. 

baliscus  fullo  est  42. 

barbam  auream  habeas  58 ;  barba- 
toria  73. 

barbaria  68. 

barcalae  67. 

baro  53,  63  (bis). 

bisaccium  31. 

bucca  43,  44,  64,  70. 

burdabasta  45. 


139 


140 


INDEX. 


graeculis  calcem  impingere  46. 

caldicerebrius  45,  58. 

calvae  66. 

pueros  capiUatos  27,  70 ;  57 ;  34 ;  63. 

Carpus  36. 

catillum  concacatum  66. 

cave  canum  29;  c.  catena  vinctus 
64;  72. 

cepi  cerebellum  75. 

cicaro  46,  71. 

cistemae  frigidariae  73. 

de  colaepio  70. 

si  nos  coleos  haberemus  44. 

colonia  44,  57,  76. 

Comparisons :  phantasia  non  homo 
38 ;  discordia  non  homo  43 ;  piper 
non  h.  44;  codex  non  mulier  74. 

Condensed  phrases:  nee  quid  nee 
quare  37 ;  aut  hoc  aut  illud,  quid 
utique  45 ;  putes  taurum  47 ;  nee 
mora  49,  64 ;  nee  hoc  nee  illud  50 ; 
facinus  indignum,  aliquis  .  .  .  est 
56;  velit  nolit  71. 

cornicines  53,  78  (bis) . 

cubitum  ponere  27 ;  reclinatus  in  c. 
39 ;  reposui  c.  65. 

culavit  in  gregem  38. 

denarios  aureos  33,  44. 

depresentiarum  58,  74. 

desperatum  valde  68. 

despolio  30,  49  {bis),  67,  79. 

dextro  pede  30. 

ad  dictata  pugnavit  45. 

digitos  crepitare  27. 

quomodo  dii  volunt  61 ;  75 ;  76. 

Diminutive  nouns:  libellus  28 ;  cra- 
ticula  31 ;  ficedula,  vitellus  33 ; 
testiculus,  sterilicula,  pisciculus 
35 ;  utriculus  36 ;  vernaculae  38 ; 
Graeculus  38,  46;  taurulus  39; 
sportella  (bis),  porcellus,  alicula 
40;  casula  44,  46,  77;  servulus, 
potiunculis  47 ;  agellus  48 ;  sta- 
tunculum  50 ;  martiolus  51 ;  gle- 
bula,  lamellula,  peduclum  57; 
comula,  sponsiuncula,  58;   adu- 


lescentulus  59,  64;  manuciolum 
63 ;  catella  64  (bis) ;  saviuncu- 
lum  66;  cingillum,  capsella  67; 
auricula  67 ;  corolla  70 ;  corolla- 
rium,  urceolus  74 ;  corcillum  75. 
Adj. :  vetulus  28 ;  meliuscula  38 ; 
corneolus43;  misella  63,  65 ;  au- 
daculus  63;  aureola  67;  aeneo- 
lus  73. 

dispare  pallavit  46. 

dissilio  gaudimonio  61 ;  d.  felicitate 
75. 

domusio  46,  48. 

ecce  38, 57,  58, 60,  68 ;  et  ecce  40,  45, 
66,  76. 

nondum  efflaverat  omnia  49. 

Epithets :  stips  43 ;  ilia  matella  45 ; 
vervex,  bellum  pomum,  larifuga, 
noctumus,  vasus  fictilis,  lorus  in 
aqua  57 ;  caepa  cirrata,  crucis  of- 
fla,  corvorum  cibaria,  mus,  terrae 
tuber,  bella  res,  volpis  uda,  mu- 
frius  58 ;  purgamentum,  canis  74 ; 
fulcipedia,  milva,  sterteia  75; 
viper  77. 

ergo  affirmative  :  27,  28,  29,  30,  31, 
34  (bis),  39,  46  (bis),  51,  52,  60, 
61,  63,  64,  67  {bis),  70,  73  {bis) ; 
question:  34,  39,  46,  47,  48,  58, 
59,  72. 

essedarium  36,  45. 

est  te  videre  67. 

Euphemisms :  cum  dominam  delec- 
taretur  45;  ipsumam  meam  de- 
battuere  68;  ad  delicias  domini 
fui;  ipsimae  satis  faciebam  75; 
de  rebus  illis  fecisti  76. 

excatarissasti  67. 

exopinissent  62. 

Falernum  28 ;  f .  Opimianum  34,  55. 

fatus  42,  71,  77. 

Gaio  feliciter  50 ;  Augusto  f .  60. 

ferculum  35,  39,  41,  66;  60,  68,  69. 

foras  cenat  30;  f.  vulpes  44;  47; 
52. 

genius  37,  53,  57,  62,  74,  75. 


INDEX. 


141 


gingilipho  73. 

gizeria  66. 

Greek  words:  iatraliptae,  chira- 
maxium  28 ;  embolum  30 ;  paro- 
nychia 31;  paropsis  34,  50; 
pittacium  34 ;  euripus,  metho- 
dium  36 ;  topanta,  saplutus  37 ; 
theca,  philologia,  genesis,  cata- 
phaga  39;  sophos,  apophoreta, 
polymitus  40;  ealathiscus,  lasa- 
num  41;  laecasin  42;  schema 
44 ;  anathymiasis,  penthiacus  47 ; 
bybliotheca,  peristasis  48 ;  auto- 
maton 50,  54;  phiala  51;  acro- 
mata  53,  78;  catastropha  54 
philosophos  56;  pittacium  56 
athla  57 ;  critica  .  .  .  alogias  58 
strophas,  pompa  60 ;  scholasticus 
61 ;  phreneticus  63  ;  podagricus, 
tisicus  64;  autopyrum,  hepatia, 
oxycomina  66 ;  periscelides,phae- 
casiae,  crotalia  67 ;  epidipnis  69. 

Guests  of  Trimalchio :  Agamem- 
non, Encolpius,  Diogenes,  lulius 
Proculus  38 ;  Dama  41 ;  Seleucus 
42 ;  Phileros  43 ;  Ganymedes  44 ; 
Niceros  44,  61,  63;  Echion  45; 
Ascyltus  57,  59,  72;  Hermeros 
59;  Plocamus  64. 

gustatio  31 ;  gustatorium  34. 

Homeristae  59. 

homo  inter  homines  39,  57,  74. 

homuncio  34  (bis),  56,  66. 

Impersonations :  of  Bacchus  41 ; 
Syrum  52;  luscinias  68;  mulio- 
nes  sive  circulatores  68;  tubi- 
cines ;  choraulas ;  mulionum  fata 
69 ;  Ephesum  trag.  70. 

impropero  38. 

meum  intelligere  .  .  .  vendo  52. 

ipsimus  63,  75,  76;  ipsima  69,  75, 

ita  in  asseveration  44,  57,  58,  70, 
74. 

ius  cenae  =  initium  cenae  35. 

lacte  gallinacium  38. 

lacticulosus  57 ;  unum  lactem  71. 


pedes  lanatos  44. 

larua  34,  44,  62. 

Laserpiciarius  35. 

lautus  26,  31;   lautitiae  27,  32,  34, 

47,  57,  70,  73;  lotam  40. 
lerode  58. 

linguam  caninam  43 ;  linguosus  43, 
63;  lmgua73. 

libertini  loco  38 ;  praetorio  loco  65. 

lupatria  37. 

pro  luto  44,  54,  67. 

maiiesto  et  dignitosso  57. 

maiores  maxillae  44. 

iam  yianios  habet  45. 

mapalia  58. 

matteae  65,  74. 

secuudae  mensae  68  {his). 

in  tenebris  raicare  44. 

homo  micarius  73. 

ex  millesimis  Mercurii  67. 

milvus  37  ;  milvinum  genus  42. 

omnis  minervae  homo  43. 

populus  rninutus  44;  minutalia  47. 

modo  modo  37,  42,  46;  modo  sic 
modo  sic  45. 

momento  temporis28 ;  momento40. 

nee  rau  nee  ma  argutas  57. 

Names :  Achilles  59 ;  Aegyptius  35 ; 
Aeneas  68 ;  Aethiopes  34 ;  Africa 
35,  48;  Agamemnon  59;  Agatho 
74 ;  Aiax  59 ;  Alexandrini  31 ,  68 ; 
Apelles  64 ;  Aratus  40 ;  Asia  44, 
75 ;  Atellania  53,  68 ;  Athana  58  ; 
Athenae  38;  Augustus  30,  69; 
Baiae  53;  Bromius  41;  Caesar 
51,  76;  Capua  62;  Carpus  36, 
40 ;  Cassandra  52,  74  ;  Cerdo  60 ; 
Chiam  63;  Chrysanthus  42; 
Cicero  55  ;  Cinnamus  30 ;  Corin- 
thus  31,  50;  Croesus  64;  Cumae 

48,  53 ;  Cyclops  48 ;  Daedalus  52, 
74;  Dama  41  ;  Diana,  Diomedes 
59 ;  Dionysus  41 ;  Echion  45 ; 
Ephesus  70 ;  Euhius  41 ;  Faler- 
num  21,  28,  34,  55;  Felicio  60, 
67  ;  Fortuna  29,  43,  55 ;  Gains  30, 


/ 


142 


INDEX. 


50,  53,  54,  62,  67,  74,  75;  Gany- 
medes  44,  59 ;  Glyco  45 ;  Habin- 
nas  77 ;  Hannibal  50 ;  Helena  59 
Herculis  48;  Hermeros  52,  59 
Hermogenes  45 ;  Hipparchus  40 
Homerus  48,  59  (bis) ;  Ilias  29 
Ilium  50 ;  Incuboui,  India  38,  55 
Iphigenia  59;  luppiter  44,  47,  51, 
56,  58  (bis) ;  Laenatis  29 ;  Lares 
29,  60;  Laserpiciarius  35;  Liber 
41 ;  Lucrio  60 ;  Lyaeus  41 ;  Mam- 
maea,  Manios  45 ;  Margarita  64 ; 
Mars  34,  55 ;  Marsyas  34 ;  Massa 
69;  Melissa  61,  62;  Menecratis 
73;  Menelaus  27;  Mercurius  29, 
67,  77 ;  Minerva  29,  43 ;  Mithra- 
dates  53 ;  Mopsus  55 ;  Mummius 
52;  Niceros  61,  63;  Nioba  52; 
Nocturnae  64 ;  Norbanus  45,  46 ; 
Oceupo  58;  Odyssia  29;  Opi- 
mianum  34;  Orcus,  34,  45,  46, 
62;  Palamedes  66;  Parcae  29; 
Pegasus  36;  Petraitis  52,  71; 
Phileros  43,  44,  46;  Plocamus 
64;  C.  Pompeius  Diog.  38;  C. 
Pompeius  Trim.  30,  71;  Pom- 
peiani  53;  Priapus  60;  Primige- 
nius  46 ;  Proculus  38 ;  Publilius 
55;  Saturnalia  44,  58,  69;  Mam. 
Aem.  Scaurus  77 ;  Scintilla  67, 
75;  Scissa65;  Scylax  64;  Seleu- 
cus  42  ;  Serapa  76 ;  Sibulla  48 ; 
Stichus  77,  78;  Syrus  52;  Taren- 
tum  38,  48,  61;  Terraciniensis 
48;  Ulixes  39,  48;  Venus  29,  68; 
Vergilius  39,  68. 

Negatives :  neminem  nihil  42 ;  nee 
sursum  nee  deorsum  non  cresco 
58. 

alias  nenias  46,  47. 

nesapius  50. 

novendiale  65. 

numerum  omnium  63,  68. 

nummos  modio  metitur  37. 

Officials:  ostiarius  28,  37,  64,  77; 
dispensator  29,  30  (ter),  45  {bis), 


53;  procurator  30;  supellectica- 
rius  34 ;  structor  35 ;  scissor  36 ; 
nomenculator  47 ;  viator  47 ;  ac- 
tuarius  53 ;  atriensis  53 ;  saltu- 
arius  53;  circitor  53;  balneator 
53 ;  cubicularius  53 ;  nummula- 
rius  56. 

olim  oliorum  43. 

ossa  bene  quiescant  39 ;  65 

Parataxis:  rogo  me  putatis  39; 
curat  quid  .  .  .  mordet  44;  r. 
vos  oportet  45,  63;  oro  .  .  .  lo- 
quere  45;  spero  imponet  47;  r. 
.  .  .  tenes  48 ;  narra  .  .  .  decla- 
masti  48;  r.  .  .  .  putas  55;  s. 
sic  moriar  57;  r.  December  est 
58;  o.  narra  illud  61;  n.  quare 
.  .  .  recunibit  66;  vide  si  .  .  . 
videtur  71;  r.  fruniscaris  75; 
scitis  habet  76. 

hoc  nemo  parental  69;  parentalia 
78. 

malam  parram  pilavit  43. 

partes  dico  46,  58,  75. 

pataracina  41. 

percolopabant  44. 

petauristarius  47,  53  {bis) ,  60. 

piscina  72. 

sibi  placere  44,  46. 

plane  intensive  32,  35,  41,  43,  49,  53, 
58,  63,  67;  sarcasm  or  surprise 
41,  69. 

plussciae  63. 

pollicem  porcino  48. 

Caesar  non  pote  valdius  quam  51. 

prasinus  27,  64,  70 ;  prasinianus  70. 

promulsidaria  31. 

Proverbs:  vinum  dominicum  mi- 
nistratoris  gratia  31 ;  aequum 
Mars  amat  34 ;  sociorum  olla 
mala  fervet  38;  ubi  semel  res 
inclinata,  amici  de  medio  38; 
pisces  natare  oportet  39 ;  anti- 
quus  amor  cancer  42 ;  longe  f  ugit 
quisquis  suos  f . ;  nunquam  recte 
faciet  qui  cito  credit  43;    serva 


INDEX. 


143 


me  servabo  te  44;  quod  hodie 
non  est  eras  erit;  qui  asinum 
non  potest,  stratum  caedit; 
milvo  volante  ungues  resecare ; 
colubra  restem  non  parit;  sibi 
quisque  peccat ;  manus  manum 
lavat  45 ;  quicquid  discis  tibi  d. ; 
literae  thesaurum  est,  et  artifi- 
cium  nunquam  moritur  46 ;  clivo 
laborare  47 ;  aquam  foras  vinum 
intro  52;  ubique  dulce  est  ibi  et 
acidum  56;  in  molle  came  ver- 
mes nascuntur  ;  in  alio  peduclum 
vides,  in  te  ricinum  non  57 ;  qua- 
lis  dominus,  talis  et  servus  58; 
qui  vincitur  vincit  59;  in  angu- 
stiis  amici  apparent  61 ;  tace 
lingua,  dabo  panem  69;  asciam 
in  crus  impegi  74 ;  assem  habeas 
assem  valeas  77. 

Puns :  Carpe  36 ;  Dionyse  liber  esto 
41 ;  controTersia  48 ;  the  apopho- 
reta  56. 

redde  quod  debes  57. 

Repetition  :  magis  magisque  49 ; 
quid?  quid?  49;  voca  voca  49; 
quia  enim  51 ;  nisi  si  58. 

ridiclei  57. 

in  rutae  folium  37,  58. 

sacritus  63. 

scordalias  de  medio  59. 

scriblita  35,  66  {his) . 

scruta  scita  56. 

serisapia  et  contumelia  56. 


sevir  30,  57,  65;  seviratus  71. 
similia  si  siligine  inferior  esset  44. 
Singing:  28,  31  {his),  'M.,  35,  41,  52, 

68,  69,  70,  73. 
in  sinum  suum  spuere  74 ;   in  fa- 

ciem  meam  inspue  75. 
staminatas  duxi  41. 
vafer  et  magnus  stelio  50. 
strigae  63  {his). 
sucossi  38. 
symphonia  32,  33,  34,  36  {his) ,  47 ; 

-cus  28. 
tanquam:   t.  favus,  t.  mola  39;  t. 

libertus  41;    t.  favus  43,  76;   t. 

corvus    43;     t.   coda,   t.   mures, 

t.  tuba,  t.  unus  de  nobis  44;   t. 

vasum  51 ;    t.  urbis  acta  53 ;    t. 

hircus  57;    t.  mus  58;    t.  orcus, 

boTis,  copo,   lanio,  meridie  62; 

t.  fumus  72;  t.  rana  74. 
tanto  melior  69. 
tengomenas  34,  73. 
terrae  filius  43. 

in  capita  tersit  27 ;  in  sinu  t.  57. 
omnia  textorum  dicta  33. 
tutelam  huius  loci  57. 
unus  servus  26. 
ursinae  66. 
Tavatonem  63. 
venies  sub  dentem  58. 
versipellem  62. 
vitalia  77. 

non  vxdt  sibi  male  38. 
xerophagi  ex  sapa  56. 


THE  STUDENTS'  SERIES  OF  LATIN  CLASSICS 

UXDEB   THE    EDITORIAL   SCPEEVISION    OF 

HENRY    RUSHTON   FAIRCLOUGH,  Ph.D. 

Stanford   University. 


The  following  volumes  for  College  use  are  now  ready: — 

ATLAS  OF  THE  GEOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY  OF  THE 
ANCIENT  WORLD.      Edited  by  John  K.  Lord,  Ph.D., 

Professor  in  Dartmouth  College. 

CICERO.  De  Senectute  et  de  Amicitia.  By  Charles  E.  Ben- 
nett. A.M.,  Professor  in  Cornell  University. 

CICERO.  De  Oratore.  Book  I.  based  upon  the  edition  of  Sorof. 
Bv  W.  B.  Owen.  Ph.D.,  Professor  in  Lafayette  College. 

GREEK  AND  ROMAN  MYTHOLOGY.  By  Karl  P.  Har- 
RixGTox.  A.M.,  Wesleyan  University,  and  Herbert  C. 
ToLMAX,  Ph.D.,  Vanderbilt  Universitv. 

HORACE.  Odes  and  Epodes.  By  Paul  Shorey,  Ph.D.,  and 
Gordon  J.  Laing,  Ph.D.,  Professors  in  Chicago  Uni- 
versity. 

HORACE,  Satires  and  Epistles,  based  upon  the  edition  of 
Kiessling.     By  James  H.  Kirkland,  Ph.D.,  i^ofessor  in 

Vanderbilt  University. 

LATIN  COMPOSITION,  for  College  Use.  Revised.  1909.  By 
Walter  ^Miller.  A.M.,  Professor  in  Tulane  L'niversity. 

LATIN  COMPOSITION,  for  College  Use.  ^  By  Jefferson 
Elmore,  Ph.D.,  Professor  in  Leland  Stanford  Jr.  Uni- 
versity. 

LATIN  HYMNS.  By  William  A.  Merrill,  Ph.D.,  Professor 
in  the  University  of  California. 

LIVY.  3oo!i3  XXI  and  XXII,  based  upon  the  edition  of  Wolfflin. 
Bv  J')HN  K.  Ldrd,  Ph.D.,  Professor  in  Dartmouth  College. 

LIVY.  Book  I.  for  rapid  reading.     By  Professor  Lord. 

NEPOS,  for  ra^id  reading.  By  Isaac  Flagg.  Ph.D.,  Associate 
Professor  in  the  University  of  California, 


PETRONIUS,  Cena  Trimalchionis,  based  upon  the  edition  of 
Biicheler.  By  W.  E.  Waters,  Ph.D.,  the  University  of 
New  York. 

PLAUTUS,  Captivi,  for  rapid  reading.  By  Grove  E.  Barber, 
A.M.,  Professor  in  tlie  University  of  Nebraska. 

PLAUTUS,  Menaechmi,  based  upon  the  edition  of  Brix.  By 
Harold  N.  Fowler,  Ph.D.,  Professor  in  the  Western 
Reserve  University. 

PLAUTUS,  Trinummus.  By  H.  C.  Nutting,  Ph.D.,  Instructor 
in  Latin  in  the  University  of  California. 

PLINY.  Selected  Letters,  for  rapid  reading.  By  Samuel 
Ball  Platner,  Pli.D.,  Professor  in  the  Western  Reserve 
University. 

SALLUST,  Catiline,  based  upon  the  edition  of  Schmalz.  By 
Charles  G.  Herbermann,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  in  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

TACITUS,  Agricola  and  Germania,  based  upon  the  editions  of 
Schweizer-Sidler  and  Drager.     By  A.  G.  Hopkins,  Ph.D., 

Late  Professor  in  Hamilton  College. 

TERENCE,  Adelphoe,  for  rapid  reading.  By  William  L. 
CowLES,  A.M.,  Professor  in  Amherst  College. 

TERENCE,  Haaton-Timorumenos.     By  F.  G.  Ballentine, 

Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  in  Bucknell  University. 

TERENCE,  Phormio,  based  upon  the  edition  of  Dziatzko.  By 
Herbert  C.  Elmer,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  in  Cor- 
nell University. 

THE  PRIVATE  LIFE  OF  THE  ROMANS,  a  manual  for  the 
u.se  of  schools  and  colleges.  By  Harriet  Waters  Pres- 
ton and  Louise  Dodge. 

VALERIUS  MAXIMUS,  Fifty  Selections,  for  rapid  reading. 
By  Charles  S.  Smith,  A.M.,  George  W^ashington  Uni- 
versity. 

VELLEIUS  PATERCULUS,  Historia  Romana,  Book  II.    By 

F.  E.  RocKwooD,  A.M.,  Professor  in  Bucknell  University 


BENJ.  H.  SANBORN  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
CHICAGO      NEW    YORK      BOSTON 


